La gestion « durable » des ressources en phosphore est aujourd’hui un enjeu important du fait de l’épuisement des réserves naturelles et des besoins croissants de l’agriculture notamment. En parallèle, la protection des écosystèmes conduit à des réglementations de plus en plus strictes des rejets de phosphore. L’objectif scientifique de cette thèse est de contribuer à décrire les mécanismes de rétention et de libération du phosphore dans le cadre du traitement des eaux usées domestiques par filtres plantés de roseaux à écoulement vertical, notamment de mieux comprendre où et sous quelle forme le phosphore est retenu dans le système. Plus particulièrement, les travaux ont porté sur le procédé Azoé NP® proposé par la société française SCIRPE, lequel comprend un prétraitement biologique sur lit bactérien, une précipitation du phosphore par injection de chlorure ferrique, puis deux étages de filtres plantés de roseaux à écoulement vertical partiellement immergés. Dans une première phase, nous avons étudié la plus ancienne station de type Azoé NP® située à Vercia (Jura) qui a été suivie depuis 8 ans. Les résultats ont montré les bonnes performances du procédé et leur maintien sur le long terme malgré la forte augmentation de charge organique en automne provenant d’effluents viticoles. Il a été montré que le phosphore était principalement retenu au sein du premier filtre, essentiellement dans la couche de boues organiques qui se forme en surface du 1er étage. L’utilisation de techniques analytiques complémentaires a permis de montrer notamment que leur minéralisation progressive entrainait une évolution des espèces de phosphore au cours du temps, avec par exemple formation de phosphore apatitique. La rétention du phosphore dans les boues a ensuite été étudiée à l’échelle du laboratoire à l’aide de lixiviations successives dans des conditions extrêmes de pH ou d’oxydo-réduction. Les résultats ont montré une très bonne stabilité en conditions de fonctionnement normales. Des essais pilotes ont enfin été réalisés pour approfondir l’évaluation de l’influence du potentiel redox en faisant varier la hauteur d’immersion du milieu filtrant qui influence les conditions d’oxydoréduction. Ces études ont confirmé la stabilité des procédés Azoé NP® et Azoé P® (correspondant au procédé Azoé NP® sans zone d’immersion) en fonctionnement normal. En conditions d’immersion totale prolongée simulant un dysfonctionnement du système, les performances sont dégradées en une semaine, mais le retour en mode totalement insaturé permet un rétablissement très rapide indiquant la bonne résilience du système. / Nowadays, sustainable management of phosphorus resources is an important issue due to the depletion of natural reserves and growing of its agriculture need. In parallel, the protection of ecosystems leads to stringent regulations concerning treatment of phosphorus in wastewaters. The scientific objective of this thesis was to contribute to describing the phosphorus retention and release in domestic wastewater treatments by vertical flow constructed wetlands, especially to better understand where and in which form the phosphorus is retained in the system. In particular, the work focused on the process Azoé NP® proposed by the French company SCIRPE, which includes a biological pretreatment on trickling filter, precipitation of phosphorus by injection of ferric chloride and two stages of partially flooded vertical flow constructed wetland. First of all, we studied the oldest Azoé NP® type station located at Vercia (Jura, France) which was monitored for 8 years. The results showed that the Vercia treatment plant provided robust year-round treatment of municipal wastewater and winery wastewater during automn. It was found that the phosphorus was principally retained within the deposit organic sludge layer on the surface of the first stage of filteration. The use of additional analytical techniques showed that phosphates species within this deposit layer changed during the mineralization of organic matters over time. The formation of amorphous apatite species was also discussed. The stability of the retention of phosphorus in sludge was then studied at laboratory scale using successive leaching under extreme conditions of pH or redox potential. The results showed a very good stability of sludge from the Vercia plant in normal operating conditions. Pilot tests were finally performed to evaluate the influence water saturation level within the filter medium which affect redox conditions of the system. These studies confirmed the stability of processes Azoé NP® and Azoé P® (corresponding to the process Azoé NP® without water saturation within filter media) during normal operation. Under conditions of prolonged immersion simulating a malfunctionning of the system, the performance was degraded after one week of flooding. However, the return to fully unsaturated mode allowed a very fast recovery of the filter, showing a good resilience of the system.

This master's thesis deals with the modeling of biochemical processes in saturated vertical filter (which is often part of constructed treatment wetland) using software HYDRUS 2D and the module Constructed Wetland CW2D. The introductory part of this thesis is the literature research of expertise that are introduce with the theme constructed treatment wetlands and should also provide a basic overview of the mathematical or numerical modeling issue. The last chapter describes the theoretical introduction of software HYDRUS 2D and CW2D module, it is the practical part used to create a numerical l model. The practical part is based on theoretical knowledge and demonstrates the creating process of mathematical model in program HYDRUS 2D, simulating the real biochemical processes on the vertical saturated filter. The model is created in the program HYDRUS 2D CW2D and based on real operated constructed wetland. The thesis describes the calibration and followed verification of this model. The final model can well simulate the real filter behavior and allows user to get information about the output concentrations of waste water emission, such as ammonia nitrogen (N-NH4+) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results should in the future contribute to create software intended to draft and layout constructed wetlands.

L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de développer des algorithmes génériques d'estimation du mouvement et de la structure à partir d'images de scènes prises par différents types de systèmes d'acquisition centrale : caméra perspective,fish-eye et systèmes catadioptriques, notamment. En supposant que la correspondance entre les pixels de l'image et les lignes de vue dans l'espace est connue, nous travaillons sur des images sphériques, plutôt que sur des images planes (projection des images sur la sphère unitaire), ce qui nous permet de considérer des points sur une vue mieux adaptée aux images omnidirectionnelles et d'utiliser un modèle générique valable pour tous les capteurs centraux. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous développons une approche générique de mise en correspondance simple de lignes à partir d'images de scènes urbaines ou péri-urbaines sous la contrainte d'un faible déplacement du capteur,ainsi qu'une contrainte rapide et originale pour apparier des lignes d'un environnement plan par morceaux, indépendante du mouvement de la caméra centrale. Ensuite, nous introduisons une méthode unique et effcace pour estimer le recouvrement entre deux segments sur des images perspectives, diminuant considérablement le temps global de calcul par rapport aux algorithmes connus.Enfin, dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, nous développons un algorithme d'estimation du mouvement et de reconstruction de surfaces pour les scènes planes par morceaux applicable à toutes sortes d'images centrales, à partir de deux vues uniquement et ne nécessitant qu'un nombre minime de correspondances de ligne. Pour démontrer les performances de ces algorithmes, nous les avons expérimentés avec diverses images réelles acquises à partir d'une caméra perspective,une lentille fish-eye, et deux différents types de capteurs paracatadioptriques(l'un est composé d'un miroir simple, et l'autre d'un miroir double). / The primary goal of this thesis is to develop generic motion and structure algorithms for images taken from constructed scenes by various types of central imaging systems including perspective, fish-eye and catadioptric systems. As-suming that the mapping between the image pixels and their 3D rays in space is known, instead of image planes, we work on image spheres (projection of the images on a unit sphere) which enable us to present points over the entire viewsphere suitable for presenting omnidirectional images. In the first part of this thesis, we develop a generic and simple line matching approach for images taken from constructed scenes under a short baseline motion as well as a fast and original geometric constraint for matching lines in planar constructed scenes insensible to the motion of the camera for all types of centralimages including omnidirectional images.Next, we introduce a unique and efficient way of computing overlap between two segments on perspective images which considerably decreases the over all computational time of a segment-based motion estimation and reconstruction algorithm. Finally in last part of this thesis, we develop a simple motion estima-tion and surface reconstruction algorithm for piecewise planar scenes applicable to all kinds of central images which uses only two images and is based on mini-mum line correspondences.To demonstrate the performance of these algorithms we experiment withvarious real images taken by a simple perspective camera, a fish-eye lens, and two different kinds of paracatadioptric sensors, the first one is a folded catadioptric camera and the second one is a classic paracatadioptric system composed of a parabolic mirror in front of a telecentric lens.

Constructed wetland is one of ways of domestic wastewater treatment that allows reuse of treated water. The thesis acquainted with run principles, with a design for a family house, that includes different solutions of technologic parts with advice for a reliable run and theoretical financial costs.

Czech Republic is called roof of the Europe, several rivers rise here and many of them flow away and continue to other countries. That's why I find, that’s extremely important to manage out water sources properly and carefully, because for example the weather has a huge impact on our limited sources and can affect them especially in a dry periods. These issues can be improved by finding a use for used water, good storm water management as well as using greywater. In my diploma thesis, I'll be mainly focused on an overall water management in an ordinary family house. It has two parts as theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part is then split into another three parts. The first part covers a storm water management, the second is about waste water management. The third explains greywater management. In practical part of my diploma thesis, there's my study of not disposing rain water into a drain with other waste water, but making both waters useful. In this my particular subject in village called Plesnice, is projected a waste water treatment plant. Treated water will be accumulate together with rain water. Accumulated water will be used for irrigation. For a waste water treatment is projected a constructed wetland with vertical flow (down flow reed beds) and facility for sludge management. This is example of extensive technology. Irrigation system consists of storage tank with mechanical pre-treatment and pump valve shaft, sprinklers for lawns, drip irrigation decorative surfaces and everything is controlled by a control unit. Thanks to irrigation and rainwater remains in effect, which is important for local microclimate and save drinking water. This study is an example of that in water management is not necessarily a need for global action, but you can start with individuals and individual houses, which in total could have a significant effect on water retention in the landscape and to slow down and reduce the peak flow in rivers.

Les teneurs en pesticides mesurées dans les eaux de drainage agricole peuvent atteindre 10 µg/L voire 395 µg/L. En Lorraine, des Zones Tampons Végétalisées Agricoles (ZTVA) ont été installées en sortie de drains agricoles afin de limiter le transfert de ces eaux de drainage vers la rivière. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer l’influence de l’hydraulique sur l’épuration des pesticides et métabolites en phases dissoute et particulaire des eaux de drainage, en discriminant les processus associés. Pour cela, une approche multi-échelle intégrant des expérimentations au laboratoire en batch et en bacs pilotes ainsi qu’un monitoring pluriannuel de deux ZTVA sur le terrain (un fossé et une mare) a été mise en place. Les expériences de traçages in-situ ont montré que quel que soit le débit, la ZTVA peut être divisée en différentes zones hydrauliques : un chenal principal et des zones isolées, qui se comportent différemment vis-à-vis de l’épuration. Les efficacités d’épuration dans les deux ZTVA varient de (i) -1176% à 96% pour les pesticides dissous, (ii) -20% à 3% pour les métabolites (chloroacétanilides) à l’état dissous, et (iii) -580% à 79% pour les pesticides sous forme particulaire. L’adsorption sur les sédiments permet l’épuration des pesticides à l’état dissous dont le coefficient d’adsorption (Koc) varie de 364 à 1424 L/g (entre 7 et 65% d’épuration), et est favorisé au sein des zones isolées. Cependant, ce processus est réversible et la désorption peut expliquer les efficacités négatives mesurées sur le terrain. Par ailleurs, les pesticides plus hydrophiles (Koc varie de 54 à 401 L/g) et les métabolites (Koc varie de 0 à 0.77 L/g) sont peu épurés (entre -20 et 8% d’épuration). Enfin, les pesticides entrant dans la ZTVA sous forme particulaire sont épurés via la sédimentation des matières en suspension, plus importante dans les zones isolées que le chenal principal. Ce processus est réversible, pouvant conduire à la resuspension des sédiments. Par ailleurs, les débits entrants vont fluctuer au cours de l’année, pouvant entrainer une variation de l’épuration des pesticides. En effet, les études en batch et en bacs pilotes ont permis de souligner l’influence de l’hydrodynamique (débits, etc) sur l’épuration des pesticides à l’état dissous. Ces ZTVA jouent donc un rôle de puits (adsorption, sédimentation) et de source (désorption, resuspension) vis-à-vis de certains pesticides à l’état dissous ou particulaire, en lien avec l’hydrodynamique de la ZTVA / Pesticides amounts measured in agricultural drained water can reach 10 µg/L up to 395 µg/L. In Lorraine, Constructed Wetlands (CW) were set up between drained fields and the river to limit pesticide release. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hydraulic on the mitigation of pesticides and metabolites in both dissolved and particulate phases of drained water, by discriminating associated processes. To do so, a multi-scale approach was performed by integrating both laboratory experiments, such as batch and dynamic conditions in pilots, and a plurennial monitoring of two different ZTVA (ditch and pond). In-situ tracing experiments highlighted that the volume of CW was not homogeneous, independently of the flow rate. CW are divided in two hydraulic zones: a main channel and isolated areas. Moreover, these two zones behave differently regarding pesticides mitigation. Annual mitigation efficiency in both of the CW studied, vary between (i) -1176 % and 96 % for dissolved pesticides, (ii) -20 % and 3 % for dissolved metabolites (chloroacetanilides), and from (iii) -580 % to 79 % for particulate pesticides. Adsorption on sediments allows the mitigation of dissolved pesticides whose adsorption coefficient (Koc) varied from 364 to 1424 L/g (mitigation ranging from 7 to 65 %), and occurred mainly in isolated areas. However, this process is reversible and desorption can explain negative efficiency measured on the field. Additionally, hydrophilic pesticides (Koc between 54 and 401 L/g) and metabolites (Koc between 0 and 0.77 L/g) are few or not mitigated (mitigation ranging from -20 and 8 %). Finally, pesticides entering CW under particulate phase are mitigated through sedimentation of total suspended solids, higher in isolated areas than in main channel. This process is also reversible, leading to sediments resuspension. Otherwise, inlet flow rates vary throughout the year, which could allow a variation of pesticide mitigation. Indeed, batch and pilots studies highlighted the influence of hydrodynamic (flow rate, etc) on mitigation of dissolved pesticides. CW act as a sink (adsorption and sedimentation) and a source (desorption and resuspension) towards specific dissolved or particulate pesticides and related to hydrodynamic of CW

Les besoins en terre végétale pour l’aménagement d’espaces verts urbains induisent un prélèvement de sols agricoles ou naturels. D’autre part, des volumes considérables d’horizons profonds excavés lors de la construction de bâtiments sont mis en décharge en périphérie des villes, avec un impact sur l’environnement. Le recyclage de ces déchets inertes pour la construction de sols des espaces verts apparaît comme une solution prometteuse. Il est toutefois nécessaire de s’assurer que ces Technosols construits peuvent accueillir une diversité végétale et animale pour délivrer des services écosystémiques, comme propose de le faire ce travail de thèse. La composition des mélanges de matériaux (horizons profonds, compost de déchets verts, béton concassé) a été manipulée dans une expérimentation de 4000 m² en collaboration avec l’entreprise ECT et le CD 93. Un suivi de quatre ans a montré que le compost utilisé était responsable de la mort de certains arbres, mais qu’associé au béton, il augmentait fortement leur vitesse de croissance et de colonisation par la macrofaune. En usage prairial, l’ajout de compost a augmenté la production de biomasse et modifié l’assemblage de la communauté végétale, en favorisant les espèces compétitives, mais pas de la macrofaune. Dans une expérience en mésocosmes visant à étudier le lien entre diversité végétale et productivité, une complémentarité entre espèces a été observée pour une des trois communautés, à un niveau de fertilité intermédiaire. Il est donc possible d’améliorer la productivité primaire de nouveaux écosystèmes en manipulant la composition des mélanges de matériaux tout en évitant la dominance de certaines espèces, afin de conserver des communautés diversifiées / Topsoil requirements for the development of urban green spaces induce a harvest of agricultural or natural soils. On the other hand, huge volumes of deep horizons excavated during the construction of buildings are dumped on the outskirts of cities, with an impact on the environment. The recycling of these inert wastes for the construction of soils for green spaces appears as a promising solution. However, it is necessary to ensure that these constructed Technosols are suitable for plant and animal diversity, and can deliver ecosystem services, as proposed by this thesis. The composition of the material mixes (deep horizons, urban green waste compost, crushed concrete) was manipulated in a 4000 m² experiment in collaboration with the company ECT and CD 93. A four-year monitoring showed that the compost used was responsible for the death of some trees, but associated with concrete, it greatly increased their growth rate and macrofaunal colonization. In the meadow land use, the addition of compost increased biomass production and altered the assemblage of the plant community, favoring competitive species, but no effect on macrofauna assemblage was observed. In a mesocosm experiment aiming at studying the link between plant diversity and productivity, complementarity between species was observed for one of the three communities, at an intermediate level of fertility. It is therefore possible to improve the primary productivity of new ecosystems by manipulating the composition of the mixtures of materials while avoiding the dominance of certain species, in order to preserve diversified communities

The efficiency to improve the water quality of industrial and municipal wastewater in a constructed wetland/filter basin treatment system was investigated. The wetland system was constructed in a closed phosphate mine used for clay settling and sand tailings in Polk County, Florida. During 18-months of monitoring the chemical/microbiological composition of treated wetland water remained relatively constant, despite significant seasonal variations in temperature, rainfall and humidity. The following changes in water quality between input and output were observed: substantial decrease of water temperature (up to 10°C), reduction of As, SO4, F, Cl, NO3, NO2, Br, Na, K, Ca, and Mg, change in pH from 9 to 6.5-7, increase of H2S (up to 1060 micrograms/L), and a change from positive to negative ORP. There were no exceedances of the primary drinking water standards, volatile organic compounds, synthetic organic compounds, and radionuclides, but a number of exceedances for the secondary drinking water standards (Al, F, Fe, Mn, color, odor, total dissolved solids, and foaming agents). The concentration of fecal and total coliform bacteria in the wetland water was high, but subsequently reduced during filtration in the filter basin from 30 - 730 and 1000 - 7000 count/100 mL to < 2 and < 100 count/ 100 mL, respectively. To resolve the complex hydrogeological conditions a combined isotope/chemical mass-balance approach was applied. The results were the following: (1) the composition of water in the wetland varied throughout the period of the study; (2) a change in isotopic composition along the wetland flow path; (3) the wetland contained mainly wastewater (88 - 100 %) during normal pumping operations; however, hurricanes and inconsistent pumping added low conductivity water directly and triggered enhanced groundwater inflow into the wetland of up to 78 %; (4) the composition of water in monitor wells was mostly groundwater dominated; however periodically seepage from a water body to the north was detected; and (5) seepage from adjacent water bodies into the wetland was not identified during operation, which would indicate a potential water loss from the wetland. To test if the wetland system could be a prospective pre-treatment option for water used in aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) scenarios, a set of bench-scale leaching experiments was carried out using rocks from the Avon Park Formation, the Suwannee Limestone and the Ocala Limestone. Since As in the Floridan Aquifer was mainly present as an impurity in the mineral pyrite the elevated iron and sulfide concentrations in the wetland water were thought to prevent pyrite dissolution. The experiments which covered a range of redox conditions showed that the amount of As released from the aquifer matrix was not perfectly correlated with the bulk rock As concentration, nor the redox state of the water. The following important results were obtained: (1) the highest concentration of As was leached from the Avon Park Formation and the lowest - from the Suwannee Limestone, although the Ocala Limestone had the lowest bulk rock As; (2) minor to no As was released using native Floridan groundwater; (3) Tampa tap water, which chemically and physically resembled the ASR injection water, caused the As leaching of up to 27 micrograms/L, which was higher than the As drinking water standard; (4) the wetland and filter basin waters caused the highest release of As (up to 68 micrograms/L), which was unexpected because those water types were less oxygenated than Tampa tap water and thus should be less aggressive; (5) the in-situ filtration of the wetland water through a 0.2 micrometer membrane resulted in a reduction of As from 30 microgram/L to 16 microgram/L; and (5) the UV treatment significantly reduced both fecal and total coliform bacteria, but facilitated the increase of DO in initial waters, a change from negative to positive ORP, and the increase of As concentration in leachates. The experiments confirmed that perturbations of native aquifer conditions caused the release of As from the Floridan aquifer matrix, although the reaction may not be as simple as the dissolution of pyrite by oxygen, but additionally governed by a complex set of factors including the ORP of the system, SO4²?/S², Fe³?/Fe²?, dissolved organic carbon and microbial activity. In addition, the trend of As leaching could be governed by a set of factors, such as the porosity and permeability of the aquifer matrix influencing the rate and degree of free water saturation, amount of pyrite to be exposed to the preferential water flow paths, limited surface reactivity of pyrite with favored reactions on fractured mineral surfaces, the concentration and the selective leaching of As from individual pyrite crystals. To characterize and verify the geochemical processes in the column experiments, the Geochemist's Workbench reactive transport models (React and X1t) were developed. Results from the models correlated well to those from the column experiments and confirmed the following: (1) the water-rock reaction between the aquifer matrix and native groundwater was favorable for pyrite stability preventing the release of As into solution; (2) the injection of oxidizing surface water into reducing native groundwater caused a change in redox potential of the system thus promoting the dissolution of pyrite, and (3) 1D reactive transport model of water-rock reaction between the aquifer matrix and surface water indicated a diverse behavior of As along the column, such as the oxidative dissolution of pyrite, mobilization and simultaneous sorption of As onto neo-formed HFO, followed by the reductive dissolution of HFO and secondary release of adsorbed As, and the potential non-oxidative dissolution of pyrite contributing the additional source of As to the solution.

Since the turn of the last century, a substantial increase in nutrient load to the Baltic Sea is apparent. Adding the ongoing environmental change with raising temperatures and increased precipitation, this will continue to have a prominent environmental impact on our coastal ecosystems, especially in northern latitudes. Constructed wetlands are becoming more important as a mitigation measure to retain nutrients, however, they are until this day not well studied in northern latitudes. In this paper, nutrient retention in a newly constructed wetland is studied during its first month after activation, as well as potential downstream effects in associated sea bay. An additional literature study compiles information about the current knowledge, use and functionality of wetlands surrounding the Baltic Sea. This is done to widen knowledge regarding effectiveness of wetlands as nutrient traps in general, as well as to compare with the studied wetland. A net retention of 30 % for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total phosphorus (TP) was found, as well as 27 % for total nitrogen (TN), 25 % for phosphate (PO43-) and 21 % for nitrate (NO3-). TP was found to be within range of expected retention capacity, when comparing with wetlands included in the synthesis. TN retention, however, seemed to be somewhat greater than in other wetland studies. Furthermore, the retention varied and seemed to be highest during an increased discharge, in the beginning and end of March. This was partly reflected by greater inlet concentrations and transports in most of the parameters during the initial time period. Decreasing temporal trends was seen in concentrations of DOC, total nutrients and NO3- concentrations in the sea bay, indicating an immediate downstream effect of the wetland installation. Findings from the synthesis indicate that there are very few studies in, and thus little knowledge about, wetlands in northern climate. Overall, the results from the pioneer northern wetland in Sörleviken suggest that net retention is possible during its first month post-activation.

Agricultural land releases large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus to water bodies which causes eutrophication. Creating wetlands on agricultural land is one way to prevent this major issue. However, constructed wetlands are a large emission source of greenhouse gases. The aim of this study was to quantify the CH4 and N2O emissions in 21 constructed wetlands (CWs) around Mälardalen located in mid-Sweden and 19 CWs in the county of Halland along the south-west coast of Sweden and examine if there was any relation between the emissions and the nutrient status. Furthermore, the emission contributed by CH4 ebullition was evaluated. Synoptic water and gas sampling was done during early and late autumn. Floating chambers were deployed in six wetlands and measured CH4 ebullition over a 24-hour period. The diffusive CH4 emissions varied between 0.10–103 mg m-2 d-1 with a mean value of 13 mg m-2 d-1. The N2O emission varied between -0.086–7.8 mg m-2 d-1 with a mean of 1.4 mg m-2 d-1. Significant negative correlation between N2O emission and C:N ratio and a significant positive correlation between N2O emission and N:P ratio was found. No relation between the CH4 emission and total organic carbon (TOC) was found which other studies have been able to prove. Only a weak relation between the CH4 emission and the C:N ratio was found. The ebullition in the six wetlands varied between 0–62 mg m-2 d-1 and accounted for more than 85% of the total CH4 emission in most of the chambers. No significant difference in ebullition was found within the CWs but between the CWs there were found significant differences. The conclusion of this thesis is that CWs in agricultural areas represent a large source of CH4 and N2O emissions and that nutrient status has a major influence of the N2O emissions. Lastly, ebullition seems to be a major pathway for the CH4 emission. / Jordbruksmark släpper ut stora mängder kväve och fosfor till ytvatten vilket orsakarövergödning. Skapandet av våtmarker på jordbruksmark är ett sätt att förhindra detta problem.Dock är anlagda våtmarker stora utsläppskällor av växthusgaser. Målet för den här studien varatt kvantifiera utsläppen av CH4 och N2O från 21 anlagda våtmarker runt Mälardalen beläget imitten av Sverige och 19 anlagda våtmarker i Hallands län längs Sveriges sydvästra kust.Vidare var syftet att undersöka om det fanns någon relation mellan utsläppen ochnäringsstatusen. Fortsättningsvis, utsläppen av CH4 genom ebullition utvärderades. Synoptiskvatten- och gasprovtagning utfördes under tidig höst och senhöst. Flytande kamrar sattes ut isex våtmarker och mätte CH4 ebullition under en 24-timmars period. Utsläppen av CH4genom diffusion varierade mellan 0.10–103 mg m-2 d-1 med ett medelvärde på 13 mg m-2 d-1.Utsläppen av N2O varierade mellan -0.086–7.8 mg m-2 d-1 med ett medelvärde på 1.4 mg m-2d-1. Signifikant negativ korrelation mellan utsläpp av N2O och C:N-kvoten och en signifikantpositiv korrelation mellan utsläpp av N2O och N:P-kvoten hittades. Ingen relation mellanutsläppen av CH4 och totalt organiskt kol hittades vilket andra studier kunnat påvisa. Endasten svag relation mellan utsläppen av CH4 och C:N-kvoten hittades. Ebullitionen i de sexvåtmarkerna varierade mellan 0–62 mg m-2 d-1 och stod för mer än 85 % av det totala CH4utsläppen i de flesta kamrarna. Inga signifikanta skillnader i ebullition kunde hittas inom deanlagda våtmarkerna men dock mellan våtmarkerna. Slutsatsen av den här studien är attanlagda våtmarker på jordbruksmark representerar en stor källa av CH4 och N2O utsläpp ochatt näringsstatusen i anlagda våtmarker har en stor inverkan på utsläppen av N2O. Slutligen,ebullitionen verkar vara en betydande utsläppsväg för CH4.