Com a inclusão digital no Brasil, houve um grande crescimento não só do número de pessoas com acesso à Internet, como também do número de pessoas que realizam compras por esse meio. Esta investigação, cuja temática situa-se na área do Comportamento do Consumidor no ambiente online no momento da realização de uma compra, pretende construir um modelo de compreensão e verificação da propensão, ou predisposição, de um indivíduo para realizar compras online, a partir da análise das variáveis socioeconômicas e comportamentais. Por meio de análises estatísticas multivariadas - análise fatorial, análise de homogeneidade e análise de regressão logística -, concluiu-se que, entre os usuários da Internet pesquisados, há heterogeneidade na forma do comportamento de consumo e que existem diversas variáveis que influenciam o consumo por meio da Internet que dependem, em parte, de alguma característica, qualidade ou opinião singular. Este resultado aponta para a possibilidade de entendimento do processo de tomada de decisão pelos consumidores online, que facilitará as estratégias de marketing de forma a realizar uma captação de visitantes para os sites e, consequentemente, melhor conversão de visitantes em consumidores, quaisquer que sejam os produtos ou serviços. / The digital inclusion in Brazil has leveraged not only the number of individuals who access Internet, but also the amount of online shoppers. This essay, which delves into the area of Online Consumer Behavior at the moment of purchase, aims to design a model to verify and comprehend the tendency or inclination to shop online, regarding the analysis of social, economic and behavioral variables. Through multivariate analysis - factorial analysis, HOMALS and logistic regression -, it could be argued that, among the researched internet users, the web consumption behavior is influenced by an array of variables, resulting in a heterogenic pattern of e-shopping. The outcome points out a better understanding of online buyers\' decision making process, allowing marketing strategies to increase the number of online visitors and improve the conversion from visitors to consumers, whatever the product or service may be.

Os avanços em neurociência são responsáveis por explicar muitos processos de funcionamento do nosso sistema nervoso, em especial, do nosso cérebro. Tais avanços científicos e tecnológicos tem permitido entender e mapear os processos cerebrais e assim, compreender melhor as estruturas cerebrais e suas funções. Utilizando-se dessas tecnologias, as áreas de marketing e da psicologia cognitiva, uniram-se ao ramo das neurociências para buscar compreender como se faz o processo de compra na mente do consumidor, dando origem ao Neuromarketing. Como cada indivíduo percebe e processa os estímulos exteriores de maneiras distintas, relacionando-os às experiências vivenciadas e aos aspectos cognitivos que dão significado a tudo o que é percebido, a utilização das ferramentas de neuromarketing têm se mostrado eficazes para compreender o processo de tomada de decisão de um consumidor frente à um estímulo de marketing. Para alimentos, a embalagem de um produto constitui um elemento importante de comunicação de marketing. Além das suas propriedades funcionais, ela também transmite informação e influencia as preferências e escolhas dos consumidores principalmente pelas sensações que evocam por meio de seus elementos gráficos. Atualmente, técnicas como a análise de sinais elétricos cerebrais e de análise sensorial, tem sido empregadas para analisar as respostas conscientes (explícitas ou declaradas), e inconscientes (implícitas), do consumidor. Porém, a associação das técnicas como meio de compreensão sobre o comportamento do consumidor na área de alimentos é pouco explorada. Desta forma, este estudo investigou respostas fisiológicas de percepção (inconscientes) em comparação à respostas declaradas (conscientes). Como objeto de estudo, foram utilizadas quatro diferentes tipos de embalagens de hambúrgueres bovinos industrializados disponíveis no mercado. Os testes incluiram a técnica de EEG (eletroencefalografia) associada a Análise Sensorial pelo método de Associação de Palavras. A associação dessas duas técnicas, possibilitou verificar cientificamente que existe uma preferência por marcas mais conhecidas e consolidadas no mercado. Por meio da técnica de EEG, verificou-se que a maioria dos colaboradores diferenciou as embalgens entre si, particularmente com maior grau de percepção para a embalgem de hambúrguer menos conhecida, porém em respostas declaradas não foi citada como preferência. A técnica de associação de palavras ofereceu subsídios para mensurar que tipo de sensações relativas aos produtos as embalagens pesquisadas evocam nos consumidores, sendo possível verificar que para a marca líder de mercado, termos positivos foram elencados e para a marca menos conhecida, termos menos positivos estiveram relacionados. A associação das técnicas utilizadas permitiu verificar a relação entre as percepções conscientes e inconscientes do consumidor em relação a produtos acondicionados pelo contato com a embalagem, analisar quais impressões e sensações as embalagens evocam no consumidor, levantar hipóteses para escolhas e preferências e colaborar para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de marketing das indústrias de congelados, em específico de hambúrgueres bovinos. / Advances in neuroscience are responsible for explaining many processes of functioning of our nervous system, especially our brain. Such scientific and technological advances have allowed us to understand and map the brain processes and thus to better understand the brain structures and their functions. Using these technologies, the areas of marketing and cognitive psychology have joined the neuroscience branch to seek to understand how the buying process is done in the mind of the consumer, giving rise to Neuromarketing. As each individual perceives and processes the external stimuli in different ways, relating them to the lived experiences and the cognitive aspects that give meaning to everything that is perceived, the use of the neuromarketing tools have been effective in understanding the process of making decision of a consumer against a marketing stimulus. For food, the packaging of a product is an important element of marketing communication. In addition to its functional properties, it also conveys information and influences consumers\' preferences and choices mainly through the sensations they evoke through their graphic elements. Currently, techniques such as the analysis of brain electrical signals and sensory analysis have been used to analyze the conscious (explicit or stated), and unconscious (implicit) responses of the consumer. However, the association of techniques as a means of understanding consumer behavior in the food area is little explored. In this way, this study investigated physiological responses of perception (unconscious) in comparison to the stated (conscious) responses. As a study object, four different types of commercially available bovine hamburger packs were used. The tests included the EEG (electroencephalography) technique associated with Sensory Analysis by the Association of Words method. The association of these two techniques made it possible to verify scientifically that there is a preference for brands that are better known and consolidated in the market. By means of the EEG technique, it was verified that most of the collaborators differentiated the packagings among themselves, particularly with a higher degree of perception for the less known hamburger packaging, but in stated answers it was not mentioned as a preference. The word association technique offered subsidies to measure what kind of sensations related to the products the researched packages evoke in consumers. It is possible to verify that for the market leading brand, positive terms were listed and for the lesser known brand, less positive terms were related issues. The association of the techniques used allowed to verify the relationship between the conscious and unconscious perceptions of the consumer in relation to products conditioned by the contact with the packaging, to analyze which impressions and sensations the packaging evokes in the consumer, to raise hypotheses for choices and preferences and to collaborate for the development of marketing strategies of the frozen, specific industries of bovine hamburgers.

O aumento do poder aquisitivo das famílias de baixa renda no Brasil transformou esse público em um mercado atraente para as empresas de vários segmentos. Percebeu-se, contudo, que não está ainda refletida em conhecimento, na área de marketing, a relevância tanto econômica como social dessa parcela da população brasileira, uma vez que se verificou que há escassez de informações e de estudos sobre o tema. Nesse contexto, o objetivo nesta tese é investigar a preferência pela marca no processo de decisão de compra de mães de famílias de baixa renda no segmento alimentar. Para sua consecução, na fundamentação teórica, foram abordadas especificamente as teorias sobre o comportamento do consumidor, a marca e o valor. Além disso, apresentaram-se as características do consumidor de baixa renda brasileiro. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em duas fases. Na primeira, que constitui um estudo qualitativo e exploratório, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com as mães, a fim de se verificarem os fatores que elas levam em consideração na hora da compra dos produtos achocolatado em pó; bebida láctea; biscoito recheado; cereal de milho açucarado; petit suisse e snacks (salgadinho de milho e batatinha frita ondulada). Os fatores encontrados nas entrevistas em profundidade com as mães de famílias de baixa renda foram: para achocolatado em pó: marca, preço, nutrição (com vitaminas e minerais ou sem vitaminas e minerais) e embalagem (tampa de rosquear ou tampa de puxar); para bebida láctea: marca, preço, nutrição (com vitaminas e minerais ou sem vitaminas e minerais) e presença de ilustração ou não; para biscoito recheado: marca, preço, nutrição (com vitaminas e minerais ou sem vitaminas e minerais) e presença de figurinha ou não; para cereal de milho açucarado: marca, preço, nutrição (com vitaminas e minerais ou sem vitaminas e minerais) e presença de brinde ou não; para petit suisse: marca, preço, nutrição (com vitaminas e minerais ou sem vitaminas e minerais) e presença de ilustração ou não; para batatinha frita ondulada: marca, preço, nutrição (com gordura trans ou sem gordura trans) e sabor (natural, churrasco e cebola e salsa) e, por fim, para salgadinho de milho: marca, preço, nutrição (com gordura trans ou sem gordura trans) e presença de brinde ou não. O processo analítico foi baseado na análise textual interpretativa e na técnica de templates. Na segunda fase da pesquisa de campo, um estudo quantitativo e exploratório, foram realizadas entrevistas cujo roteiro foi elaborado com base nos resultados da primeira fase. Buscou-se investigar a importância da marca durante o processo de decisão de compra, verificando-se se a preferência pela marca ocorria para todos os produtos ou apenas para alguns específicos. Utilizou-se sobre essas avaliações o método da análise conjunta separadamente para cada produto. As análises obtidas mostraram que as mães de famílias de baixa renda compram todos os produtos investigados pela marca. Realizada a análise conjunta, procedeu-se à análise de agrupamentos com o objetivo de reunir em grupos as mães com preferências semelhantes e de analisar a composição de tais grupos quanto às variáveis auxiliares inseridas no questionário. Para alguns dos produtos, foram construídos três clusters, enquanto, para outros, quatro. Com isso, verificou-se que as mães de família de baixa renda não são todas iguais, ou seja, as empresas devem elaborar estratégias de marketing específicas para cada tipo de mãe. No entanto, em razão de a amostra ser nãoprobabilística e das técnicas adotadas, não foram realizadas inferências para toda a população brasileira. / The growing purchasing power of low-income families in Brazil has made this segment an attractive market for companies in a range of areas. The economic and social relevance of this section of Brazils population still doesnt appear to be reflected in marketing knowledge, however, since there is little information available and few studies on the subject. As such, the aim of this thesis is to investigate brand preference among mothers of low-income families when deciding what food products to buy. To this end, our theoretical foundation involved the specific examination of consumer behavior, brand and price theories. We also considered the characteristics of low-income Brazilian consumers. Our field research was conducted in two phases. In the first a qualitative, exploratory study we conducted in-depth interviews with mothers to establish which factors came into play when purchasing powered-chocolate drinks; milk-based drinks; filled cookies; sugar-coated corn flakes; processed cheese, and snack foods (corn chips and potato chips). The factors identified in the in-depth interviews were: for powered-chocolate drinks: brand, price, nutrition (with or without vitamins and minerals), and packaging (screw-on or pull-off lids); for milk-based drinks: brand, price, nutrition (with or without vitamins and minerals), and illustrations; for filled cookies: brand, price, nutrition (with or without vitamins and minerals), and collectors cards; for sugarcoated corn flakes: brand, price, nutrition (with or without vitamins and minerals), and surprise at the bottom of the box; for processed cheese: brand, price, nutrition (with or without vitamins and minerals), and illustrations; for corn chips: brand, price, nutrition (with or without trans fatty acids), and surprise at the bottom of the packet; and, finally, for potato chips: brand, price, nutrition (with or without trans fatty acids), and flavor (natural, barbecue, and parsley and onion). The interviews were then given interpretative textual and template analyses. In the second phase of field research a quantitative, exploratory study we conducted interviews following a script developed from the results of the first phase. We sought to investigate brand importance when deciding which product to buy in order to determine if brand preference influenced the purchase of all products or only specific items. To assess these interviews a conjoint analysis was carried out for each individual product. The results obtained showed that mothers of low-income families bought all of the products studied according to brand. After the conjoint analysis, we conducted a cluster analysis in order to group mothers with similar preferences and analyze the composition of these groups with respect to the auxiliary variables included in the questionnaire. For some products, three clusters were established, while for others there were four. This revealed that the mothers of low-income families are not all alike; in other words, companies need to develop specific marketing strategies for each type of mother. However, because the sample was not probabilistic and the techniques were adopted, inferences were not made for the entire Brazilian population.

Essa pesquisa tem como tema o comportamento socialmente indesejável do consumidor. Tal comportamento pode impactar significativamente no resultado das organizações, uma vez que esse tipo de consumidor pode trazer prejuízos tanto financeiros, quanto à marca ou até mesmo a outros consumidores. A finalidade da pesquisa é desenvolver uma escala que seja capaz de discernir, indiretamente, o consumidor que possui tendências de agir de forma socialmente inadequada daquele que não possui tal tendência. Para tanto lançou-se mão de uma metodologia híbrida de desenvolvimento de escalas, a proposta por Churchill (1979) e a metodologia C-OAR-SE. A coleta de dados foi feita através do MTurk®, que coleta respondentes de várias regiões do mundo pela Internet. As técnicas estatísticas utilizadas na pesquisa foram as análises de agrupamento e discriminante. Os resultados mostraram evidências de que é possível discriminar os consumidores através de uma função discriminante. Contudo, ao contrário do que se esperava teoricamente, os indivíduos com maior índice de insatisfação não foram aqueles que apresentaram maior tendência de agirem de forma socialmente inadequada. As demais hipóteses (influência dos aspectos de personalidade e de terceiros) foram aceitas pela pesquisa. Ao final chegou-se a uma sugestão de escala para separar os dois tipos de consumidores - podendo essa ser utilizada para novas pesquisas acadêmicas, ou para acompanhamento em programas de relacionamento com o consumidor dentro das organizações. Uma das principais limitações desse estudo é a impossibilidade de generalização dos achados, dada a metodologia utilizada. / This research has the theme the Dysfunctional Consumer Behavior. This behavior can negatively influence in organizations proffits, since this kind of consumer can imply financial prejudices, or negatively impact in brand equity, or cause harm to others consumers. This research aims develop a scale to discern, indirectly, the consumer that tend to act in a dysfunctional manner than the other ones. For this propose, the methodology used to reach this objective was an hybrid one, mixing Churchill\'s (1979) with C-OAR-SE methodologies. The data was collected through MTurk®, how collect respondents in different places in world through the Internet. The statistical methods used to the scale development were cluster and discriminant analysis. The results showed evidences that is possible differ consumer through a discriminant function. Nevertheless, on the contrary of what was theoretically expected, the individuals most dissatisfied weren\'t the ones that presented dysfunctional consumer behavior. The other hypothesis (interpersonal influence and personality aspects) has been accepted. At the end, the research produced a scale that can be used to differ the consumers - and this scale can be used for both academicals and managerial propose. One of the limitations of this research is the generalization impossibility, because the methodology didn\'t select the individuals in a statistical random way.

Online display advertising intends to find the best match between advertise- ment (ad) campaigns and online users, conditioned by user specific contexts such as geographic locations, and hobbies etc. During this matching process, user behavior plays a crucial role in determining whether and when the user, who has been served the ad, will result in a conversion event. Advertisers seek to understand how users behave if they are continuously served impressions from the same campaign, as well as any noticeable patterns between campaign categorization and user behavior. This thesis carries out data analytics to investigate correlation between user behavior and campaign conversion rates (CVR), including click-through conversion rates and view- through conversion rates. We investigate campaign categorization based on both IAB categories, and campaign dfficulty level defined by effective CPA (eCPA). We carry out large scale analytics over billions of impressions from over 1000 campaigns, observing consistent patterns and significant findings. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Diante da dificuldade de compreender uma sociedade cada vez mais complexa que reflete comportamentos de consumo múltiplos (inclusive dentro de um mesmo indivíduo, que absorvendo as características da pós-modernidade, é paradoxal), novos métodos de pesquisa são utilizados na tentativa de interpretar com mais precisão o comportamento humano, para analisar suas tendências e transformá-las em diretrizes para as estratégias das marcas. De caráter predominantemente qualitativo e multidisciplinar, a pesquisa de comportamentos emergentes carrega intrinsecamente a tensão dos campos científicos, assim como o Campo da Comunicação, que por envolver diferentes áreas do saber, desempenha, de forma transversal, um papel fundamental na formação, difusão e identificação das tendências socioculturais, fato comprovado por essa dissertação. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas em profundidade, e análise documental, foi possível identificar as definições relacionadas às tendências assim como compreender como elas podem ser aplicadas estrategicamente por empresas de diversos segmentos, para que suas expressividades marcárias, incluindo as ações comunicacionais, sejam sempre relevantes no cenário do consumo. Além disso, verificou-se a ênfase que a comunicação tem no processo pelo qual as tendências se formam e propagam nas dinâmicas sociais. Realizou-se também a identificação e análise dos métodos utilizados pelas empresas especializadas na pesquisa de tendências e constatou-se que um dos principais métodos utilizados é a análise de conteúdo de materiais coletados por monitoramento midiático de diversas áreas da cultura contemporânea, o que, mais uma vez, reforça a importância do campo comunicacional que por abranger práticas culturais como a publicidade, por exemplo, acaba por denunciar o espírito do tempo e os valores em trânsito na sociedade. / As a result of the difficulty of understanding a society increasingly complex which reflects multiple consumer behavior (even within the same person, who absorbs the postmodern paradoxes), new research methods are used to interpret the human behavior accurately, to analyze trends and to turn them into guidelines for the brands strategies. Predominantly qualitative and multidisciplinary, the research of trends carries intrinsically the tension of the scientific fields, as well as the Field of Communication, which involves different areas of knowledge and plays a transversal role in formation, dissemination and identification of the sociocultural trends. Through literature review, in-depth interviews and document analysis, it was possible to identify some definitions for trends and to understand how they can be strategically applied by companies in different areas, including communication and marketing actions, to be always relevant in the consumption scenario. In addition, it was possible to confirm the emphasis that communication has in the formation and diffusion process of the trends in the social dynamics. Besides, it was found that one of the main methods used in the identification of new signs of emerging behaviors and values is the content analysis of materials collected by monitoring the media from different areas of contemporary culture, that reinforces the importance of the communication field, which covers cultural practices as advertising, and consequently expresses the spirit of the time and transitional values in society.

by Ling Sau Shan, Samuel. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-80). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.vi / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / What is Advertising --- p.1 / What is Specialty Advertising --- p.4 / Purpose of this Study --- p.9 / Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.12 / Research Design --- p.12 / Data Collection Format --- p.13 / Sampling --- p.16 / Data Collection Method --- p.18 / Data Anaylsis and Intepretation --- p.18 / Chapter III. --- DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION --- p.19 / Return Rate of Questionaires --- p.19 / Recipient Recall of the Advertiser --- p.21 / Building up of Reciprocity --- p.22 / Building up of Goodwill --- p.23 / Comparison with Other Media --- p.24 / Points to be noted in using Specialty Advertising --- p.26 / How to make the Specialty Items be Impressive --- p.28 / Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents --- p.30 / Summary of Findings --- p.31 / Chapter IV. --- DISCUSSION --- p.33 / Perception --- p.33 / Cognition --- p.35 / Persuasion --- p.36 / Comparison with Other Media --- p.37 / Chapter V. --- LIMITATION OF THE STUDY --- p.40 / Chapter VI. --- RECOMMENDATION --- p.44 / LIST OF APPECNDICES / Chapter Appendix 1 - --- Questionaire --- p.47 / Chapter 2 - --- Covering Letter signed by Advisor --- p.54 / Chapter 3 - --- Covering Letter signed by Researcher --- p.55 / Recipient Recall of Advertiser / Chapter 4 - --- Table 3.1 --- p.56 / Chapter 5 - --- Figures 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 --- p.57 / Building up of Reciprocity / Chapter 6 - --- Table 3.2 --- p.58 / Chapter 7 - --- Figure 3.2 --- p.59 / Building up of Goodwill / Chapter 8 - --- Table 3.3 --- p.60 / Chapter 9 - --- Figures 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 --- p.61 / Chapter 10 - --- Table 3.4 --- p.62 / Comparison with Other Media / Chapter 11 - --- Table 3.5 --- p.63 / Chapter 12 - --- Table 3.6 --- p.64 / Chapter 13 - --- Comparision with T.V. Figures 3.5.1 and 3.6.1 --- p.65 / Chapter 14 - --- Comparison with Radio Figures 3.5.2 and 3.6.2 --- p.66 / Chapter 15 - --- Comparison with Magazine Figures 3.5.3 and 3.6.3 --- p.67 / Chapter 16 - --- Comparison with Newspaper Figures 3.5.4 and 3.6.4 --- p.68 / Chapter 17 - --- Comparison with Direct Mail Figures 3.5.5 and 3.6.5 --- p.69 / Chapter 18 - --- Comparison with Fax Advertisment Figures 3.5.6 and 3.6.6 --- p.70 / Chapter 19 - --- Comparison with Yellow Pages Figures 3.5.7 and 3.6.7 --- p.71 / Chapter 20 - --- Table 3.7 --- p.72 / Chapter 21 - --- Figures 3.7.1 and 3.7.2 --- p.73 / Chapter 22 - --- Figures 3.7.3 --- p.74 / Chapter 23 - --- Points to be pointed in using Specialty Advertising --- p.75 / Chapter 24 - --- Demographic characteristics of respondents --- p.76 / Chapter 25 - --- Comparison with Direct Mail and Fax Advertisement Figures 4.1 --- p.78 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.79

Cheng Oi Yin, Carolina. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-62). / Abstract and questionnaire also in Chinese.

Huang, Xun. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-87). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

本论文由两个供应链模型组成，是关于定价、渠道结构和策略消费者行为的综合研究。 / 由于互联网和电子商务的出现，在过去几年中大量创新的销售策略被引入到在线旅游业内。在第一部分中，我们主要研究了策略消费者的情绪因子（后悔）和不同的信息结构在“买方自主定价“渠道中的影响。通过加入策略消费者的预期后悔，我们首先刻画了每个消费者的购买渠道选择和投标策略，然后导出了以最大化利润为目标、具有双渠道结构的寡头服务供应商的贝叶斯纳什均衡，通过比较得到服务供应商的最优销售渠道选择和最优定价。最后，我们评估了不同类型的预期后悔（预期作为后悔和预期不作为后悔）对服务供应商定价，总利润和最优销售渠道选择的影响。对不同的信息结构按照相同的逻辑也做了分析。 / 另一方面，随着公众越来越意识到环境问题，绿色供应链管理已经得到了越来越多的关注。在第二部分中，我们建立了公司在两个部门下分别管理其新产品和可区分的再制造产品的定价模型。我们首先把在两个独立市场下的研究作为这一问题的基准，然后得到了在同一市场的广义模型下，集中式系统的最优定价以及分散式系统的纳什均衡结果。通过对确定性模型的分析和数值试验，得到了管理上的一些洞识。 / This thesis, consisting of two supply chain models, is an integrated study of pricing, channel structures and strategic consumer behavior. / Due to the the emergence of internet and e-commerce, masses of innovative selling strategies have been introduced in the online travel industry over the past few years. In the first part, we mainly investigate the impact of the strategic consumer’s emotional factor (regret) and the alternative information structure on the Name-Your-Own-Price (NYOP) channel. By incorporating the strategic consumers’ anticipated regret, we first characterize the optimal channel choice and bidding strategy for each consumer. Then we derive the Bayesian Nash equilibrium for a profit maximizing monopoly service provider with a dual channel. Optimal channel selection, followed by the corresponding optimal pricing decision, are obtained via comparison. Finally, we evaluate the impact of different types of anticipated regret - action regret and inaction regret - on the service provider’s pricing, overall profit and optimal channel selections. The alternative information structure could be analyzed following the same logic. / On the other hand, Green Supply Chain Management has gained increasing attention as the public becomes more aware of environmental issues. In the second part, we examine a pricing model for a firm that manages both new and differentiated remanufactured products under two divisions. We first investigate the problem under two independent markets as a baseline, and then derive the optimal pricing decisions in a centralized system as well as the Nash equilibrium results in a decentralized system for the general model under one market. Several managerial insights are obtained from the deterministic model and numerical study. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Jiang, Jun. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-124). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Table of Contents --- p.x / Chapter 0 --- Notation / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Sell through an NYOP Channel: Information and Regret --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Literature Review --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Regret Theory --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Name-Your-Own-Price Selling Mechanism --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- The General Model and Assumptions --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- Consumer Regret --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Consumer Inaction Regret --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Bayesian Nash Equilibrium with Inaction Regret --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Consumer Action Regret --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Comparison --- p.35 / Chapter 2.5 --- Consumer Information --- p.40 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Clear Capacity --- p.40 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- No Commitment of Clearing Capacity --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6 --- Extensions --- p.45 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Vertical Integration of the NYOP Channel --- p.45 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Optimal Linear Pricing Contract --- p.47 / Chapter 2.7 --- Numerical Study --- p.50 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- The Impact of Inaction Regret --- p.50 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- The Impact of Action Regret --- p.55 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- The Impact of Information --- p.59 / Chapter 2.8 --- Summary --- p.61 / Chapter 3 --- Intra-firm Competition in Manufacturing and Remanufacturing Operations --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2 --- Literature Review --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Model --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4 --- Random Return --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Independent Market --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Centralized System --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Decentralized System --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Multiplicative Return Form --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Efficiency Improvement Methods --- p.83 / Chapter 3.5 --- Deterministic Model --- p.85 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Independent Market --- p.85 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Centralized System --- p.86 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Decentralized System --- p.89 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Coordination --- p.92 / Chapter 3.6 --- Numerical Study --- p.94 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- The Impact of System Parameters --- p.94 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Deterministic Model --- p.97 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Efficiency Improvement Comparison --- p.99 / Chapter 3.7 --- Summary --- p.100 / Chapter 4 --- Conclusion --- p.101 / Appendix / Bibliography --- p.113