Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The goal of the study is to show that Paul’s usage of the Exodus Motif in 1 Corinthians 10 is intertextual in that it contains echoes and allusions from the exodus tradition. These intertextual echoes and allusions also form intratextual echoes and allusions, which show that the pericope is not limited to having significance only for immediate issues found in surrounding chapters 8, 9 and 10 but has intratextual implications for the whole epistle. Special focus has been placed upon 1 Corinthians 10:1-13, and an exegesis done using an intertextual method of interpretation, to show intertextual and intratextual echoes and allusions; and how the pericope is the centre of the whole epistle, and that issues addressed in the epistle find their parallels in the pericope. In the course of the study and as part of its broader scope, vital parallelisms are traced, biblically and theologically, between the Exodus and the Corinthian church. Finally, it has been established that the pericope is a midrashic paraenesis and it is theological in nature since it shows a faithful God in action. It is all about how God and humans act and react to issues of mutual concern. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om aan te toon dat Paulus se gebruik van die eksodusmotief in 1 Korinthiërs 10 intertekstueel is, in die sin dat dit eggo’s van en verwysings na die eksodustradisie bevat. Hierdie intertekstuele eggo’s en verwysings vorm ook intratekstuele eggo’s, wat aandui dat die belang van die perikoop hom nie tot onmiddellike kwessies in die omliggende hoofstukke 8, 9 en 10 beperk nie, maar ook intertekstuele implikasies het vir die brief in geheel. Daar word in die besonder gefokus op 1 Korinthiërs 10:1 – 3, waarvan ‘n eksegese deur middel van ‘n intertekstuele interpretasiemetode gedoen word. Dit dui inter- en intratekstuele eggo’s aan, sowel as hoe die perikoop die middelpunt van die hele brief is en ook dat kwessies wat in die brief aangespreek word, hul parallelle in die perikoop vind. Deur die loop van die studie en as deel van die breëer omvang daarvan, word essensiële parallelle op bybelse en teologiese gronde nagetrek, tussen die Eksodus en die Korinthiese kerk. Laastens is daar vasgestel dat die perikoop ‘n midrash paranese is en dat dit teologies van aard is, aangesien dit ‘n getroue God in aksie uitbeeld. Dit handel oor hoe God en mense optree en reaggeer op kwessies wat hulle wedersyds raak.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study argues that rape is an instrument of patriarchy, functioning in the same way as torture to keep patriarchal power hierarchies intact. Rape robs women of their voices, making and keeping them invisible. The body is a symbol for power and the female body represents patriarchal angst about losing power. The development of ontologies of body over the ages is traced, showing how these ontologies eventually led to the dualistic devaluing of the body. The body came to be seen as a commodity while the so-called inner or spiritual world became the body of theology. The body of Christ in 1 Corinthians is analysed, showing how Paul placed the body in the centre of theology and Christian life, while he simultaneously undermined the seemingly natural societal hierarchies by (re)constructing the body of Christ in a subversive way. The body of Christ re-members (remembers and reconstructs) the body in a way that controverts the abuse of women’s bodies. By subverting patriarchy’s power hierarchies, by valuing bodies and thereby making them visible, by transforming bodies and by imagining a body beyond patriarchy, the body of Christ re-members the social and individual body in a way that resists the violently abusive patriarchal body. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie argumenteer dat verkragting ’n instrument van patriargie is. Verkragting funksioneer op dieselfde manier as marteling met die doel om patriargale mag-strukture in stand te hou. Verkragting beroof vroue van hul identiteit en maak en hou hulle sodoende onsigbaar. Die liggaam is ‘n simbool van mag en die vroulike liggaam verteenwoordig patriargale angs oor magsverlies. Die ontwikkeling van liggaamsontologieë word nagespeur om aan te toon hoe hierdie ontologieë uiteindelik ontwikkel het tot ’n dualistiese devaluasie van die liggaam. Die liggaam is gesien as ’n kommoditeit, terwyl die sogenaamde innerlike of geestelike wêreld die liggaam van teologie geword het. Die liggaam van Christus in 1 Korintiërs word geanaliseer, om aan te toon hoe Paulus die liggaam in die sentrum van die Christelike lewe geplaas het, terwyl hy terselfdertyd die oënskynlik natuurlike samelewingshiërargieë ondermyn deur die liggaam van Christus op subversiewe wyse te (her)konstrueer. Die liggaam van Christus onthou en rekonstrueer die liggaam op so ‘n wyse dat dit die misbruik van vroue se liggame opponeer. Deur patriargie se magstrukture te ondergrawe, deur liggame te waardeer en hulle sodoende sigbaar te maak, deur liggame te transformeer en deur ’n liggaam anderkant patriargie voor te stel, onthou en rekonstrueer die liggaam van Christus die gemeenskaplike en individuele liggaam op ’n manier wat die gewelddadige misbruik deur die patriargale sisteem teëstaan.

Plusieurs textes du Nouveau Testament permettent d’envisager une forme de généralisation de la prophétie au sein du christianisme naissant. Cela tranche avec l’absence relative d’une attente similaire au sein du judaïsme intertestamentaire, mise en évidence par une enquête au sein des littératures juives antiques. Une analyse des sources chrétiennes permet de constater la pratique d’un prophétisme communautaire au sein du christianisme primitif. Ces éléments d’arrière-plan pris en compte, il est démontré comment trois textes néotestamentaires envisagent, chacun à leur manière, le déploiement de la généralisation de la prophétie. Pour l’auteur des Actes, les croyants en Jésus-Christ forment un peuple prophétique qui est au bénéfice du déversement eschatologique de l’Esprit de prophétie annoncé par Joël 3. En 1 Corinthiens 12 à 14, Paul propose un ensemble de régulations concernant la mise en œuvre communautaire de la généralisation de la prophétie. L’Apocalypse invite à considérer le peuple de l’Agneau comme étant porteur d’un témoignage prophétique dans ce monde. L’analyse de ces textes prête une attention particulière aux enjeux sociologiques liés à la généralisation de la prophétie. / Several New Testament texts reflects a certain form of generalization of prophecy within early Christianity. This belief contrasts with the relative absence of a similar expectation within intertestamental Judaism, brought to light through an investigation of ancient Jewish literature. An examination of Christian sources reveals the practice of congregational prophecy within early Christianity.In light of these background elements, it is shown how three New Testament texts view, each in its own way, the deployment of the generalization of prophecy. For the author of Acts, believers in Jesus-Christ constitute a prophetic nation who is experiencing the eschatological outpouring of the Spirit of prophecy announced in Joel 3. In 1 Corinthians 12-14, Paul offers a set of regulations regarding the implementation of the generalization of prophecy in the Christian community. The book of Revelation invites to consider the people of the Lamb as bearers of a prophetic testimony in this world. The analysis of these texts pays attention to sociological issues related to the generalization of prophecy.

O Urbanismo Ecológico surge como uma forma de reconciliar a paisagem com a ocupação urbana, pautado pelas potencialidades e limitações dos recursos naturais. As áreas verdes não exercem a função somente do embelezamento e da melhoria da qualidade visual e ambiental, elas se transformam em verdadeiros artefatos de engenharia e elementos de uma infraestrutura verde de alto desempenho. A arborização viária ganha força e escala ao conectar fragmentos de florestas urbanas e áreas verdes dispersas no tecido urbano. Os resultados da pesquisa mudam o olhar sobre a várzea dos rios. Renegadas na cidade contemporânea, no Urbanismo Ecológico, as planícies fluviais se tornam elementos estruturais e conectores da malha urbana e de grande valor. A tese parte da hipótese de que é possível implantar o Urbanismo Ecológico em São Paulo através da execução de um processo amplo e ferramentas que vão de políticas públicas, ações da iniciativa privada e envolvimento comunitário, tendo como consequência a melhoria da qualidade ambiental e de vida urbana. A pesquisa foca em Itaquera, bairro impactado pela implantação de grandes equipamentos urbanos pertencentes ao polo institucional e que abriga o novo estádio de futebol do clube Corinthians, para realização de jogos da Copa do Mundo de 2014. Através de levantamentos de campo, mapeamentos e análise de estudos de caso nos Estados Unidos e na África do Sul, identifica-se a clara oportunidade de transformação no entorno da arena a partir da aplicação de princípios ecológicos. Por fim, a pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de Urbanismo Ecológico para o entorno da Arena Corinthians, a partir de suas potencialidades locais, suas áreas verdes, sua hidrografia e a sua nova dinâmica decorrente de novos investimentos públicos e privados. / Ecological Urbanism has emerged as a way to reconcile the landscape with urban occupation, ruled by the potentialities and limitations of natural resources. Green áreas do not function only beautifying and improving the visual and environmental quality, they become true engineering artifacts and elements of a high performance green infrastructure. The street tree system gains strength and scale while connecting fragments of urban forests and green areas scattered in the urban fabric. The research results change the look on the river floodplains. Segregated in the contemporary city, under Ecological Urbanism principles, floodplains become structural elements and links of the urban fabric adding great value. The thesis presents the hypothesis that it is possible to implement the Ecological Urbanism in São Paulo through the implementation of a comprehensive process and tools ranging from public policies, private sector actions and community engagement resulting on the improvement of environmental quality and urban life. The research focuses on Itaquera neighborhood impacted by the implementation of large urban facilities part of an institutional hub and home to the new soccer stadium of Corinthians club that will host World Cup 2014 games. Through field surveys, mapping and analysis of case studies in the United States and in South Africa is possible to identify a clear opportunity for transformation in the vicinity of the arena based on ecological principles. At last, the research presents an Ecological Urbanism proposal for the surroundings of the Arena Corinthians taking advantage of its local potentiality, green areas, hydrograph and new dynamic as a result of new public and private investments.

Cette recherche étudie les lettres de Paul de Tarse, telles que conservées dans le Nouveau Testament, dans le contexte des pratiques épistolaires antiques, principalement judéennes. L’interrogation initiale est double : d’une part, elle porte sur le potentiel documentaire offert par les sources de type épistolaire et, d’autre part, sur le potentiel pragmatique spécifique du médium épistolaire pour induire des changements chez les destinataires. Les lettres de Paul ont été écrites non pour consigner des réalités ou des vérités d’autrefois en tant que telles, mais pour communiquer efficacement auprès de cercles divers et variés de destinataires. Cette double interrogation est déployée en amont, parmi les pratiques susceptibles d’avoir servi de modèle, comme celle liée à la lettre aux exilés insérée narrativement dans le Livre du prophète Jérémie (chapitre 29). Celle-ci a servi de modèle de communication à distance pendant plusieurs siècles parmi différents milieux de la Diaspora judéenne. Est ensuite interrogée la pratique épistolaire de Paul lui-même, en particulier celle déployée dans sa IIe Lettre aux Corinthiens (chapitres 10-13). Cette séquence, écrite au moment d’une très forte remise en question de son autorité d’apôtre, montre bien le potentiel pragmatique que Paul reconnaissait au médium épistolaire, ceci en convoquant notamment l’autorité de Jérémie. Enfin, en aval, on s’intéresse aux débuts l’histoire de la réception de l’autorité d’épistolier de Paul. Celle-ci montre comment on a reconnu très tôt à l’apôtre Paul une autorité d’épistolier, à l’instar des prophètes écrivains de l’ancien Israël. / This research examines the letters of Paul of Tarsus, as preserved in the New Testament within the context of letter writing of that time, principally Judean ones. The initial examination questions both the potential of sources such as letters to provide information about an era, and the specific pragmatic potential of the epistolary medium as a means of inducing change in its recipients. As such, the letters of Paul were written not to conserve the historical realities or truths of the past, but to communicate efficiently with diverse circles and various recipients. The two-part examination is used to gain a perspective on the practices of the time, which may have been used as models for epistolary writing. The letter addressing the Judean Diasporas exiles inserted into the narrative of the Book of Jeremy (chapter 29) is such a model, providing a means of communicating over distance and time among the different groups. The epistolary practice of Paul himself is then examined. In particular, his Second letter to Corinthians (chapters 10-13), written in a moment of intense self-examination as his apostolic authority was questioned, is a good example of the pragmatic potential that Paul recognised in the epistolary medium, particularly in light of the prophet Jeremy. Finally, the beginnings of the apostle Paul’s epistolary writing and it’s reception are explored, showing how his credibility as an apostolic authority was quickly and easily recognised as being of the same quality as those of the prophet writers of ancient Israel.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KEILA CARVALHO DE MATOS.pdf: 1755179 bytes, checksum: 0aaac4ee2b543430ef624a7cdb38f772 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-15 / Esta pesquisa se propõe a investigar ministérios de mulheres nas cartas paulinas, com enfoque em 1Cor 14,33b-35, mediante exegese e análise do discurso dessa perícope em relação ao corpus paulinum. Este estudo foi dividido em três capítulos. No primeiro apresentamos a fundamentação teórica com a exposição de conceitos, categorias e métodos de interpretação textual e análise do discurso. No segundo desenvolvemos a exegese de 1Cor 14,33b-35, em que levantamos os dados referentes ao texto e seu contexto. No terceiro analisamos o discurso de 1Cor 14,33b-35 em relação ao corpus paulinum em se tratando de ministérios de mulheres, valendo-nos da formação discursivo-ideológica do apóstolo. Na conclusão apresentamos que, exegeticamente, 1Cor 14,33b-35 não se trata de um escrito autêntico paulino, mas de uma glosa interpolada; discursivamente, concluímos que 1Cor 14,33b-35 é controverso em relação às cartas autênticas paulinas e que o corpus paulinum é um gênero dialógico polifônico no que diz respeito a ministérios de mulheres.

O Urbanismo Ecológico surge como uma forma de reconciliar a paisagem com a ocupação urbana, pautado pelas potencialidades e limitações dos recursos naturais. As áreas verdes não exercem a função somente do embelezamento e da melhoria da qualidade visual e ambiental, elas se transformam em verdadeiros artefatos de engenharia e elementos de uma infraestrutura verde de alto desempenho. A arborização viária ganha força e escala ao conectar fragmentos de florestas urbanas e áreas verdes dispersas no tecido urbano. Os resultados da pesquisa mudam o olhar sobre a várzea dos rios. Renegadas na cidade contemporânea, no Urbanismo Ecológico, as planícies fluviais se tornam elementos estruturais e conectores da malha urbana e de grande valor. A tese parte da hipótese de que é possível implantar o Urbanismo Ecológico em São Paulo através da execução de um processo amplo e ferramentas que vão de políticas públicas, ações da iniciativa privada e envolvimento comunitário, tendo como consequência a melhoria da qualidade ambiental e de vida urbana. A pesquisa foca em Itaquera, bairro impactado pela implantação de grandes equipamentos urbanos pertencentes ao polo institucional e que abriga o novo estádio de futebol do clube Corinthians, para realização de jogos da Copa do Mundo de 2014. Através de levantamentos de campo, mapeamentos e análise de estudos de caso nos Estados Unidos e na África do Sul, identifica-se a clara oportunidade de transformação no entorno da arena a partir da aplicação de princípios ecológicos. Por fim, a pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de Urbanismo Ecológico para o entorno da Arena Corinthians, a partir de suas potencialidades locais, suas áreas verdes, sua hidrografia e a sua nova dinâmica decorrente de novos investimentos públicos e privados. / Ecological Urbanism has emerged as a way to reconcile the landscape with urban occupation, ruled by the potentialities and limitations of natural resources. Green áreas do not function only beautifying and improving the visual and environmental quality, they become true engineering artifacts and elements of a high performance green infrastructure. The street tree system gains strength and scale while connecting fragments of urban forests and green areas scattered in the urban fabric. The research results change the look on the river floodplains. Segregated in the contemporary city, under Ecological Urbanism principles, floodplains become structural elements and links of the urban fabric adding great value. The thesis presents the hypothesis that it is possible to implement the Ecological Urbanism in São Paulo through the implementation of a comprehensive process and tools ranging from public policies, private sector actions and community engagement resulting on the improvement of environmental quality and urban life. The research focuses on Itaquera neighborhood impacted by the implementation of large urban facilities part of an institutional hub and home to the new soccer stadium of Corinthians club that will host World Cup 2014 games. Through field surveys, mapping and analysis of case studies in the United States and in South Africa is possible to identify a clear opportunity for transformation in the vicinity of the arena based on ecological principles. At last, the research presents an Ecological Urbanism proposal for the surroundings of the Arena Corinthians taking advantage of its local potentiality, green areas, hydrograph and new dynamic as a result of new public and private investments.

Cette thèse analyse 1 Co comme une œuvre de la littérature grecque du 1er siècle. L’hypothèse heuristique est la suivante : il y a un style épistoral mis en œuvre par Paul pour porter au mieux son message. Destinée à être lue, l’épître est aussi discours, et la lettre joue avec les modalités de l’écrit et de l’oral, ce qui lui confère un style original. Cette recherche se focalise donc sur l’elocutio, élément qui définit en rhétorique le style, et regroupe tous les procédés, qu’ils soient lexicaux, syntaxiques ou poétiques, propres à caractériser le mode d’expression. Notre étude propose une lecture minutieuse, in extenso, de 1 Co, en laissant le texte révéler sa dimension sonore. La méthodologie comprend une phase de repérage des procédés les plus fréquents qui soutiennent l’oralité de l’écriture de Paul. À partir de cet inventaire, les grands traits stylistiques sont identifiés. Le processus poétique éclaire le développement thématique de la missive, riche d’une dynamique propre au dialogue et d’une cartographie sonore destinée à la mise en voix de la lettre. La conclusion à laquelle aboutit une telle lecture est que l’oralité constitue une composante essentielle de la stratégie de Paul en 1 Co. Il y a un lien entre le style déployé par l’auteur et les enjeux de la lettre. On peut dès lors parler d’une herméneutique de l’oralité. À partir des critères du style oral proposés par Walter Ong, cette thèse propose pour finir une définition de l’elocutio de 1 Co qui montre à quel point Paul met en œuvre une poétique au service de sa politique. Celle-ci est double : rectifier et édifier. Entre un style combattif et un style réconciliant, la lettre déploie un discours tout orienté vers la figure du Christ ressuscité. L’inouï du kérygme paulinien donne lieu à une créativitéstylistique qui convertit la rhétorique, au sens large du terme, en une rhétorique de la conversion. / This dissertation analyzes 1Co as a work of Greek literature from the 1stcentury. The heuristic hypothesis is as follows: there is an epistoral style which Paul used to convey his message the best he could. As the letter was meant to be read, and is also a discourse, it played with the modalities of both writing style and orature, which is what makes its style distinctive. This research focuses on elocutio, an element that defines style in rhetorics, and which covers all processes, whether lexical, syntactic or poetic, that characterize the mode of expression. Our study proposes a thorough, in-depth reading of 1Co, allowing the text to reveal its aural dimension. The methodology includes a phase of identification of the most frequent processes that support the orality of Paul's writing. With this inventory, the main stylistic traits are identified. The poetic process illuminates the thematic development of the missive, whose dynamics is proper to dialogue and whose sound cartography suggests that the letter has to be voiced aloud. The conclusion reached by such a reading is that orality is an essential component of Paul's strategy in 1Co. There is a link between the style used by the author and the purpose of the letter. We can then speak of a hermeneutics of orality. Based on the criteria which Walter Ong suggested to distinguish orature, this thesis proposes a definition of the elocutio of 1Co, which shows to what extent Paul’s poetics was meant to serve his policy. This one is twofold: to rectify and to edify. Between a fighting style and a style of reconciliation, the letter deploys a discourse fully oriented towards the figure of the resurrected Christ. What had been so far unheard of in Paul’s kerygma gives rise to a stylistic creativity which subverts rhetorics in the broader sense of the term to change it into a rhetorics of conversion.

I 1 Korintierbrevet finns två ofta diskuterade avsnitt som med speciellt fokus på kvinnorna talar om ordningen vid kristna sammankomster: 11:2-16 och 14:34-36. Denna uppsats gör en analys av dessa texter och deras behandling i den vetenskapliga litteraturen. Hur ska man förhålla sig till att kompetenta forskare kommer till rakt motsatta slutsatser? Är det fel i argumentationen, i premisserna, eller saknar vi helt enkelt tillräcklig kunskap? Går det att skilja på vad som är omstritt av exegetiska respektive teologiska skäl? Slutsatsen är att bland tre typer av argumentation som förekommer i litteraturen, som jag kallar den värderande, den datainsamlande respektive den konstruktiva, har forskningen en olycklig slagsida mot den första typen. Alltför mycket har skrivits utan att tillföra något av varken fakta eller ideer - man refererar bara till tidigare forskning och väger olika uppfattningar mot varandra. Om man refererar till andra författares tidigare arbeten utan att gå in på argumenten blir forskningen svår att bedöma efter att nya data tillkommit. Alltför ofta är kriteriet dessutom hur väl en teori stämmer med på förhand given teologi, snarare än en värdering av argumentens stöd i fakta. / In 1 Corinthians we find two much discussed passages which, focusing especially on the women, speak of order at the Christian gatherings: 11:2-16 and 14:34-36. This paper analyses these passages and their treatment in the scholarly literature. How should one relate to the fact that competent scholars reach diametrically opposed conclusions? Is there error in the argumentation, the premises, or do we simply lack sufficient knowledge? Is it possible to distinguish between what is contested for exegetical and for theological reasons? The conclusion is that among three types of argumentation in the literature, which I call value judgments, information gathering, and construction, there is an unfortunate imbalance towards the first type. Too much has been written that adds neither facts nor ideas - there is only references to earlier research and weighing of points of view against each other. If there is only references to other scholars' works and no engagement with the arguments, it is difficult for others to reassess the results after new data has appeared. Too often, also, the conclusions are based on a pre-conceived theology, rather than a weighing of the factual support of the arguments.

Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.