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<p>Globally, the misinformation crisis exposed the need for cognitive researchers to</p> <p>investigate interventions that will mitigate the influence of misinformation within memory. One</p> <p>proposed solution is a retraction, whereby misinformation is indicated to be inaccurate. Previous</p> <p>studies have demonstrated that providing a retraction after misinformation may reduce references</p> <p>to misinformation. The continued reliance on misinformation even after it has been corrected is</p> <p>known as the continued influence effect (CIE). It is unclear whether repeated retractions and the</p> <p>spacing of repeated retractions can reduce the CIE. In the present study, two experiments were</p> <p>conducted to investigate whether spacing repeated retractions among news messages would be</p> <p>more effective at reducing the CIE compared to massing retractions. Both experiments exposed</p> <p>participants to a news story containing misinformation. Each experiment included four retraction</p> <p>conditions: no retraction, a single retraction, or repeated retractions that were spaced or massed.</p> <p>In Experiment 1, a single retraction reduced reliance on misinformation, but we did not observe</p> <p>an additional benefit of repeated retractions when there were two retractions. In Experiment 2, we</p> <p>provided participants with three repeated retractions. Using this stronger manipulation, repeated</p> <p>retractions reduced references to misinformation compared to a single retraction, but there was no</p> <p>benefit of spacing them out. Collectively, our results suggest that repeating corrective messages</p> <p>can help reduce references to misinformation, with no supporting evidence that it matters how</p> <p>the repetitions are organized.</p>

To capture the underlying chemistry and physics of a system on electronic structure platform, it is necessary to accurately describe the intermolecular interactions such as repulsion, polarization, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals interactions. Among these interactions, van der Waals (dispersion) interactions are weak in nature as compare to covalent bonds and hydrogen bonding, but it is physically and chemically very important in accurately predicting condensed phase properties such as Vapor liquid equilibria. This presents a significant challenge in modeling VLE using a first principles approach. However, recent developments in dispersion corrected (DFT-D3) and nonlocal density functionals can model dispersion interactions with reasonable accuracy. Here, we will present some of results that quantify efficacy of recent density functionals in predicting phase equilibria of molecular systems via first principle Monte Carlo (FPMC) simulations. Our aim is to assess the performance of several density functional by determining VLE, critical properties, dimer potential energy curves, vibrational spectra, and structural properties. The functional used in our study includes PBE-D3, BLYP-D3, rVV10, PBE0- D3, and M062X-D3. In addition, we have used the second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) method for computing density of argon at single temperature. The organic compounds considered for this study involves argon, CO2, SO2, and various hydroflurocarbons (R14, R134a, CF3H, CF2H2, CFH3) molecules. Additionally, the development of new materials, ionic liquids, and modification of industrial processes are an ongoing effort by researchers to efficiently capture acidic gases. Our ability to model these sorption processes using a first principles approach can have significant impact in speeding up the discovery process. In our work, we have predicted CO2 solubility in triethyl(butyl)phosphonium ionic liquid via FPMC simulations. Our results reveal the infrared spectra, structural and transport properties for pure ionic liquid and its mixture with CO2 through ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.

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There is no doubt that police and correctional officers face an extraordinary amount of work related stress. The current study hopes to shed additional light on what stressors each profession perceives as being particularly stressful, establish how each profession copes with these stressors, and conclude with what similarities or dissimilarities exist between the two. Officers working for various police and correctional facilities in East Tennessee were surveyed for this study. Independent samples t-test determined that police and correctional officers are similar in many ways. However, correctional officers did reported statistically higher rates of stress associated with organizational aspects of the job (p=.029). Correctional officers and police officers reported identical rates of operational stress, overall stress, and use of coping strategies.

<p>Increasingly, space flight missions are planned to traverse regions of space with complex dynamical environments influenced by multiple gravitational bodies. The nature of these systems produces motion and regions of sensitivity that are, at times, unintuitive,</p> <p>and the accumulation of trajectory dispersions from a variety of sources guarantees that spacecraft will deviate from their pre-planned trajectories in this complex environment, necessitating the use of a targeting process to generate a new feasible reference path. To ensure mission success and a robust path planning process, trajectory designers require insight into the interaction between the targeting process, the baseline trajectory, and the dynamical environment. In this investigation, the convergence behavior of these targeting processes is examined. This work summarizes a framework for characterizing and predicting the convergence behavior of perturbed targeting problems, consisting of a set of constraints, design variables, perturbation variables, and a reference solution within a dynamical system. First, this work identifies the typical features of a convergence basin and identifies a measure of worst-case performance. In the absence of an analytical method, efficient numerical discretization procedures are proposed based on the evaluation of partial derivatives at the reference solution to the perturbed targeting problem. A method is also proposed for approximating the tradespace of position and velocity perturbations that achieve reliable</p> <p>convergence toward the baseline solution. Additionally, evaluated scalar quantities are introduced to serve as predictors of the simulation-measured worst-case convergence behavior based on the local rate of growth in the constraints as well as the local relative change in the targeting-employed partial derivatives with respect to perturbations.</p> <p><br></p> <p>A variety of applications in different dynamical regions and force models are introduced to evaluate the improved discretization techniques and their correlation to the predictive metrics of convergence behavior. Segments of periodic orbits and transfer trajectories from past and planned missions are employed to evaluate the relative convergence performance across sets of candidate solutions. In the circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP), perturbed targeting problems are formulated along a distant retrograde orbit and a near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) in the Earth-Moon system. To investigate the persistence of results from the CRTBP in an ephemeris force model, a targeting problem applied to an NRHO is analyzed in both force models. Next, an L1 -to-L2 transit trajectory in the Sun-Earth system is studied to explore the effect of moving a maneuver downstream along</p> <p>a trajectory and altering the orientations of the gravitational bodies. Finally, a trans-lunar return trajectory is explored, and the convergence behavior is analyzed as the final maneuver time is varied.</p>

This dissertation research examines the impact of military service among an incarcerated population. It addresses the gaps identified within the prior literature by taking a closer look at the association between service experience and criminal justice outcomes. Specifically, the present study explores whether branch type, combat exposure, age of entrance, service length, and discharge status impact the number of lifetime arrests, current offense type, and institutional misconduct. This research uses data from the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics* 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities. Multivariate analyses indicate that different elements of military participation influence criminal and deviant behaviors. Length of service significantly impacted the quantity of lifetime arrests, whereas age of entry, combat experience, and service length were important conditions in offense types. Inmates with military experience were found to be more likely to participate in institutional misconduct. The following service elements were predictors of prison misconduct as well: age of entry, length of service, branch affiliation, and discharge status. The findings in this study have theoretical implications for the use of criminological theory in military service research, and they provide suggestions for future military and criminal justice policy development.

Risk has emerged as a defining feature of punishment in the United States. Feeley and Simon (1992) note that contemporary punishment is increasingly moving away from rehabilitation (the old penology) and moving toward the management and control of offenders (the new penology), often though actuarial techniques. While the profusion of risk assessment instruments, now entering their fourth generation, provides some support for the assertion that risk is indeed an important element in corrections, it was previously unknown if the risk model applied to all offenders, particularly female offenders. This dissertation addressed that gap by examining whether the risk model applied to female offenders in the community corrections setting. This dissertation surveyed 93 community corrections officers employed by the Orange County Community Corrections Department. The findings suggest that the department has incorporated many elements of the new penology into the classification and supervision of offenders in each of its units, though several gender differences were noted. Classification overrides, the perceived level of risk to the community, supervision decisions, and the perceived importance of risk and need factors were all examined in this study. The results indicate that some elements of classification and supervision function uniformly for offenders and operate irrespective of gender, but some areas, such as the perceived level of risk to the community and the perceived importance of risk factors, are influenced by gender.

Recent increases in opioid overdose rates have changed the role of first responders on the front lines of this national crisis. The present study used a semi-structured qualitative interview to investigate how the increase in opioids, opioid-related harm, and opioid-related death within Tennessee has affected the first responder population. Law enforcement officers, firefighters, and paramedics (N = 30) from rural-serving counties in Tennessee completed a semi-structured interview. Eight themes emerged from the interviews: (1) mental health symptoms, including posttraumatic stress disorder and secondary traumatic stress symptoms; (2) coping behaviors; (3) available resources; (4) barriers to accessing resources; (5) recommendations for what is needed; (6) hardest circumstances; (7) discrepant thoughts and feelings; (8) perception of role in reducing the impact of the epidemic. This study provides novel insights into the impact of the opioid epidemic on Tennessee first responders, and can inform future efforts to reduce adverse outcomes in these care providers.