This Master Thesis consisted in realizing a tool able to design, estimate the cost and calculate annual yields of a molten salt solar power tower. Such tool was made for a company providing CSP equipment and plant solutions for engineering, engineering and procurement or also EPC of a solar power tower. The Company wishes to propose competitive plant configurations presenting a good trade-off between cost and revenues. The Company can oversee the EPC of a whole power plant or/and supply some components of the molten salt cycle and of the water/steam cycle. The tool models a large scale solar power tower with a thermal energy storage system on EBSILON®Professional 12.04, a thermodynamic software.   When launching a simulation, the tool sizes the components of the molten salt cycle (design phase) according to user’s inputs, the other components have their characteristics based on a reference project. Depending on the size of the components, the total cost is determined and the revenues over a year of operation are calculated (annual performance). When performing several simulations with different configurations, the Company can judge about the economic viability of plant configurations by comparing their LCOEs and NPVs.   The present document describes the result of the Master Thesis, that is to say the tool itself, what it contains and how it works. The methodology adopted to design the components is presented in depth, the way costs were calculated is exposed. The document explains the annual performance calculations and the simple operation strategy implemented. Finally, a technical and cost validation was carried out but it would require some further work to be complete. The design and cost calculations are performed in few seconds, the annual calculations take around 2-3h.   One main contribution of the Master Thesis is to show that designing, estimating costs and calculating annual performances is feasible in a single tool operating at a high level of detail. Using the tool during a solar power tower project could considerably facilitate the current process in place at the Company. It can also allow to compare an important number of configurations to determine a good techno-economic solution. / Denna uppsats bestod i att genomföra ett verktyg som kan utforma, beräkna kostnaden och beräkna årliga avkastningar på ett smält salt soltorn. Ett sådant verktyg gjordes för ett företag inom soltornsteknik, upphandling och konstruktion (SUK) som vill föreslå konkurrenskraftiga anläggningskonfigurationer som presenterar en bra avvägning mellan kostnad och intäkter. Företaget, samtidigt som det övervakar SUK för en hel kraftverk, levererar det också vissa komponenter i den smälta saltcykeln. Verktyget modellerar ett storskaligt soltorn med ett värmeenergilagringssystem på EBSILON®Professional 12.04, en termodynamisk programvara.   När en simulering startas, ritar verktyget komponenterna i den smälta saltcykeln (designfas) enligt användarens inmatningar, de andra komponenterna är baserade på ett referensprojekt. Beroende på komponenternas storlek bestäms den totala kostnaden och intäkterna över ett verksamhetsår beräknas (årlig prestation). När flera simuleringar görs med olika konfigurationer kan företaget bedöma sin ekonomiska lönsamhet genom att jämföra sina LCOE och NPV.   Det här dokumentet beskriver resultatet av masterprojektet, det vill säga själva verktyget, vad det innehåller och hur det fungerar. Den metod som antagits för att designa komponenterna presenteras grundligt samt hur kostnaderna beräknades. Dokumentet förklarar de årliga prestationsberäkningarna och den enkla operationsstrategin som implementerats. Slutligen genomfördes en teknisk och kostnadsvalidering, men det skulle kräva ytterligare insats för att göra arbetet fullständigt. Konstruktionen och kostnadsberäkningarna utförs på få sekunder, de årliga beräkningarna tar cirka 2-3 timmar.   Ett huvudbidrag av examensarbetet är att visa att utformning, uppskattning av kostnader och beräkning av årliga prestanda är möjlig i ett enda verktyg som arbetar på en detaljrik nivå. Att använda verktyget under ett soltornsprojekt kan betydligt underlätta den nuvarande processen på plats hos företaget. Det kan också göra det möjligt att jämföra ett viktigt antal konfigurationer för att bestämma en bra tekno-ekonomisk lösning.

Wind energy is one of the most promising sources of renewable energy. Unfortunately, therapid growth in wind turbine technology is not equally at par with the improvement in itsreliability. Wind turbine systems tend to fail before their design life and hence result in asizeable amount of failure cost. A lack of reliable data has plagued the reliability and risk assessment of wind turbines in the scientific community. Many efforts have been made to estimate the failure probability of these systems and highlight the critical failure modes. However, there is a knowledge gap in quantifying the effect of the root cause of failure. This thesis work bridges this gap by developing a reliability analysis tool that quantifes the impact of a root failure cause, based on the resultant cost of failure. Furthermore, an attempt to quantify the importance of tribology in wind turbines is made. The model uses two independent reliability estimation methods - Fault Tree Analysis and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. The two resulting approaches are used to prove the model's versatility and ease of adaptation of the model in the industry. Furthermore, with the inclusion of 'Reliability Influencing Factors', this model can calculate the overall potential economic gain from improving one or multiple properties of a component. The report then illustrates one of the industrial use cases of the model. With wind turbine gearbox as a representative assembly, tribology's quantitative importance is depicted against the Levelised Cost of Energy. It is concluded that a 2.5% decrease in energy cost can be achieved with just a 5% improvement in wind turbine gearbox tribology. / Vindenergi är en av de mest lovande källorna för förnybar energi. Tyvärr matchas inte den hastiga utvecklingen i vindturbinteknologi med en likvärding utveckling i dess pålitlighet. Vindturbinsystem tenderar att fallera tidigare än designats för, vilket resulterar i en betydande falleringskostnad. En avsaknad av tillförlitlig data har hindrat utvärderingen av påalitlighet och risk för vindturbiner. Många ansträngningar har gjorts för att estimera sannolikheten att dessa system ska fallera och att lyfta fram de kritiska fellägena. Däremot finns det en kunskapsbrist när det kommer till att kvantifiera effekten av den grundläggandeorsaken till fallering. Denna avhandling minskar denna brist genom att utveckla ett verktyg för pålitlighetsanalys som kvantifierar effekten av en falleringsorsak baserat på den resulterande kostnaden för fallering. Vidare görs ett försök att kvantifiera vikten av tribologi i vindturbiner. Modellen använde två oberoende metoder för estimering av pålitlighet - Fault Tree Analysis and Failure ode and Effect Analysis. De två resulterande angreppssätten används för att påvisa hur anpassbar modellen är och hur lätt modellen kan användas i industrin. Vidare, med inklusionen av 'Reliability Influencing Factors' kan modellen beräkna den övergripande potentiella ekonomiska vinningen från att förbättra en eller flera delar av en komponent. Rapporten illustrerar sedan en av de industriella användningsområdena av modellen. Med en vindturbins växellåda som representativt exempel påvisas den kvantitativa vikten av tribologi mot 'the Levelised Cost of Energy'. Slutsatsen dras sedan att en 2.5% minskning i energiförbrukning för konsumenten kan nås med endast en 5% förbättring av tribologin i en vindurbins växellåda.

The steel manufacturing industry is one of the largest emitters of CO2, accounting for upwards of 8.8% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The governments are charging taxes on CO2 emissions, which incentivize the industry to further reduce CO2 emissions. At present, much of the CO2, produced in the steel manufacturing process occurs as a result of coke oven and blast furnace gas by-products. As such, two major strategies have been proposed to reduce steel-manufacturing-related CO2 emissions: producing more electricity via optimized combined cycle power plants (CCPP), and converting off-gas by-products into methanol (CBMeOH). The present research consists of an economic and environmental analysis of the status quo, CCPP, and CBMeOH systems for five locations: Ontario, the USA, Finland, Mexico, and China. The economic analysis considered factors such as carbon tax, electricity price, methanol price, electricity carbon intensity, power purchasing parity, and income tax. In the CCPP process, desulphurization is conducted using ProMax with MDEA as the solvent, while the CBMeOH process uses a membrane to separate the bulk H2S, with organic sulfurs such as thiophene being removed via CO2+steam reforming and middle-temperature removal. The results of the economic analysis revealed the CBMeOH plant to be the most profitable in Ontario, the USA, China, and Mexico, while the CCPP system was shown to be the most profitable in Finland. The environmental analysis was conducted using the TRACI, CML-IA, ReCiPe2016, and IMPACT2002+ tools in SimaPro V9, with the results showing the CBMeOH system to be the most environmentally option in Ontario, Finland, and China, and the CCPP system as the most environmentally friendly option in the USA and Mexico. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The dissertation aims to obtain an integrated and comprehensive perspective on measurement issues that play a strategic role in organisations that aim at continuous quality improvement through TQM. The multidimensional definition of quality is proposed to view quality holistically. The definition is dynamic, thus dimensions are subject to evolution. Measurement of the quality dimensions is investigated. The relationship between quality and cost, productivity and profitability respectively is examined. The product quality dimensions are redefined for processes. Measurement is a strategic component ofTQM. Integration of financial measures with supplier-; customer-; performance- and internal process measurement is essential for synergism. Measurement of quality management is an additional strategic quality dimension. Applicable research was integrated. Quantitative structures used successfully in industry to achieve quality improvement is important, thus the quality management maturity grid, cleanroom software engineering, software factories, quality function deployment, benchmarking and the ISO 9000 standards are briefly described. Software Metrics Programs are considered to be an application of a holistic measurement approach to quality. Two practical approaches are identified. A framework for initiating implementation is proposed. Two strategic software measurement issues are reliability and cost estimation. Software reliability measurement and modelling are introduced. A strategic approach to software cost estimation is suggested. The critical role of data collection is emphasized. Different approaches to implement software cost estimation in organisations are proposed. A total installed cost template as the ultimate goal is envisaged. An overview of selected software cost estimation models is provided. Potential research areas are identified. The linearity/nonlinearity nature of the software production function is analysed. The synergy between software cost estimation models and project management techniques is investigated. The quantification aspects of uncertainty in activity durations, pertaining to project scheduling, are discussed. Statistical distributions for activity durations are reviewed and compared. A structural view of criteria determining activity duration distribution selection is provided. Estimation issues are reviewed. The integration of knowledge from dispersed fields leads to new dimensions of interaction. Research and practical experience regarding software metrics and software metrics programs can be successfully applied to address the measurement of strategic indicators in other industries. / Business Management / D. Phil. (Operations Research)

Sistemas de PEMFC são capazes de gerar energia elétrica com alta eficiência e baixa ou nenhuma emissão de poluentes, porém questões de custo e durabilidade impedem sua ampla comercialização. Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido um MEA com eletrocatalisadores à base de paládio. Foram sintetizados e caracterizados eletrocatalisadores Pd/C, Pt/C e Ligas PdPt/C com diferentes razões entre metais e carbono. Foi realizado um estudo da razão entre ionômero de Nafion e eletrocatalisador para formação de triplas fases reacionais de máximos desempenhos, criado um modelo matemático para transpor esse ajuste para eletrocatalisadores com diferentes razões entre metal e suporte, considerando os aspectos volumétricos da camada catalisadora, e então realizado um estudo da espessura da camada catalisadora. Para as caracterizações foram utilizadas as técnicas de Difração de Raios-X, Microscopias Eletrônicas de Transmissão e de Varredura, Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X, Picnometria a Gás, Porosimetria por Intrusão de Mercúrio, Adsorção de Gás, segundo as equações de BET e BJH, Análise Termo Gravimétrica e feitas as determinações de diâmetros de partículas, de áreas de superfície específica e de parâmetros de rede. Todos os eletrocatalisadores foram usados no preparo de MEAs que foram avaliados em célula unitária de 5 cm2 entre 25 e 100 °C a 1 atm; e a melhor composição foi avaliada também a 3 atm. No estudo dos metais para as reações, visando reduzir a platina aplicada aos eletrodos, sem perdas de desempenho, foram selecionados Pd/C para ânodos e PdPt/C 1:1 para cátodos. A estrutura de MEA desenvolvida utilizou 0,25 mgPt.cm-2 e resultou em densidades de potência de até 550 mW.cm-2 e potências de até 2,2 kWe por grama de platina. A estimativa realizada mostrou que houve uma redução de até 64,5 % nos custos em relação à estrutura de MEA previamente conhecida. Em função da temperatura e pressão de operação foram obtidos valores a partir de R$ 3.540,73 para o preparo de MEAs para cada quilowatt instalado. Com base em estudos recentes, concluiu-se que o custo do MEA desenvolvido é compatível às aplicações estacionárias de PEMFC. / PEMFC systems are capable of generating electricity with high efficiency and low or no emissions, but durability and cost issues prevent its large commercialization. In this work MEA with palladium based catalysts were developed, Pd/C, Pt/C and alloys PdPt/C catalysts with different ratios between metals and carbon were synthesized and characterized. A study of the ratio between catalyst and Nafion Ionomer for formation of high performance triple-phase reaction was carried out, a mathematical model to implement this adjustment to catalysts with different relations between metal and support taking into account the volumetric aspects of the catalyst layer was developed and then a study of the catalyst layer thickness was performed. X-ray diffraction, Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Energy Dispersive, Gas Pycnometry, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry, Gas adsorption according to the BET and BJH equations, and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis techniques were used for characterization and particle size, specific surface areas and lattice parameters determinations were also carried out. All catalysts were used on MEAs preparation and evaluated in 5 cm2 single cell from 25 to 100 °C at 1 atm and the best composition was also evaluated at 3 atm. In the study of metals for reactions, to reduce the platinum applied to the electrodes without performance losses, Pd/C and PdPt/C 1:1 were selected for anodes and cathodes, respectively. The developed MEA structure used 0,25 mgPt.cm-2, showing power densities up to 550 mW.cm-2 and power of 2.2 kWnet per gram of platinum. The estimated costs showed that there was a reduction of up to 64.5 %, compared to the MEA structures previously known. Depending on the temperature and operating pressure, values from US$ 1,475.30 to prepare MEAs for each installed kilowatt were obtained. Taking into account recent studies, it was concluded that the cost of the developed MEA is compatible with PEMFC stationary application.

Cette thèse de doctorat étudie trois questions de recherche en matière de marchés publics et de politique de la concurrence. Le premier chapitre se concentre sur une analyse microéconométrique des relations stratégiques entre d’une part l’entreprise choisie pour l’attribution d’un marché public et d’autre part l’autorité publique chargée de la régulation d’un service public. Il exploite des données sur le transport public urbain en France pour étudier les déterminants de choix réglementaires qui impactent à leur tour la rentabilité des opérateurs de transport. Le deuxième chapitre explore une évaluation ex-post d’une fusion qui a eu lieu entre deux grands groupes de transport en France (Veolia Transport et Transdev), en se concentrant sur l’existence éventuelle de gains d’efficacité dans les fusions. Enfin, le troisième chapitre donne un aperçu de l’impact d’une fusion lorsque les entreprises se font concurrence pour la qualité et repositionnent leurs services en analysant l’industrie hospitalière française. / This PhD dissertation studies three research questions in public procurement and competition policy presented in the respective chapters and preceded by a general introduction. The first chapter focuses on a microeconometric analysis of the strategic relationships between a firm awarded a public contract and the public authority responsible for regulating a public service. It exploits data on the French urban public transport industry to study the determinants of regulatory contract choices which in turn impact the cost efficiency of transport operators. The second chapter explores an ex-post assessment of a merger which took place between two major transport groups in France (Veolia Transport and Transdev), focusing on the possible existence of merger efficiency gains. Finally, the third chapter provides insight on the impact of merger when firms compete in quality and reposition their services by analyzing the French hospital industry.

Sistemas de PEMFC são capazes de gerar energia elétrica com alta eficiência e baixa ou nenhuma emissão de poluentes, porém questões de custo e durabilidade impedem sua ampla comercialização. Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido um MEA com eletrocatalisadores à base de paládio. Foram sintetizados e caracterizados eletrocatalisadores Pd/C, Pt/C e Ligas PdPt/C com diferentes razões entre metais e carbono. Foi realizado um estudo da razão entre ionômero de Nafion e eletrocatalisador para formação de triplas fases reacionais de máximos desempenhos, criado um modelo matemático para transpor esse ajuste para eletrocatalisadores com diferentes razões entre metal e suporte, considerando os aspectos volumétricos da camada catalisadora, e então realizado um estudo da espessura da camada catalisadora. Para as caracterizações foram utilizadas as técnicas de Difração de Raios-X, Microscopias Eletrônicas de Transmissão e de Varredura, Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X, Picnometria a Gás, Porosimetria por Intrusão de Mercúrio, Adsorção de Gás, segundo as equações de BET e BJH, Análise Termo Gravimétrica e feitas as determinações de diâmetros de partículas, de áreas de superfície específica e de parâmetros de rede. Todos os eletrocatalisadores foram usados no preparo de MEAs que foram avaliados em célula unitária de 5 cm2 entre 25 e 100 °C a 1 atm; e a melhor composição foi avaliada também a 3 atm. No estudo dos metais para as reações, visando reduzir a platina aplicada aos eletrodos, sem perdas de desempenho, foram selecionados Pd/C para ânodos e PdPt/C 1:1 para cátodos. A estrutura de MEA desenvolvida utilizou 0,25 mgPt.cm-2 e resultou em densidades de potência de até 550 mW.cm-2 e potências de até 2,2 kWe por grama de platina. A estimativa realizada mostrou que houve uma redução de até 64,5 % nos custos em relação à estrutura de MEA previamente conhecida. Em função da temperatura e pressão de operação foram obtidos valores a partir de R$ 3.540,73 para o preparo de MEAs para cada quilowatt instalado. Com base em estudos recentes, concluiu-se que o custo do MEA desenvolvido é compatível às aplicações estacionárias de PEMFC. / PEMFC systems are capable of generating electricity with high efficiency and low or no emissions, but durability and cost issues prevent its large commercialization. In this work MEA with palladium based catalysts were developed, Pd/C, Pt/C and alloys PdPt/C catalysts with different ratios between metals and carbon were synthesized and characterized. A study of the ratio between catalyst and Nafion Ionomer for formation of high performance triple-phase reaction was carried out, a mathematical model to implement this adjustment to catalysts with different relations between metal and support taking into account the volumetric aspects of the catalyst layer was developed and then a study of the catalyst layer thickness was performed. X-ray diffraction, Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Energy Dispersive, Gas Pycnometry, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry, Gas adsorption according to the BET and BJH equations, and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis techniques were used for characterization and particle size, specific surface areas and lattice parameters determinations were also carried out. All catalysts were used on MEAs preparation and evaluated in 5 cm2 single cell from 25 to 100 °C at 1 atm and the best composition was also evaluated at 3 atm. In the study of metals for reactions, to reduce the platinum applied to the electrodes without performance losses, Pd/C and PdPt/C 1:1 were selected for anodes and cathodes, respectively. The developed MEA structure used 0,25 mgPt.cm-2, showing power densities up to 550 mW.cm-2 and power of 2.2 kWnet per gram of platinum. The estimated costs showed that there was a reduction of up to 64.5 %, compared to the MEA structures previously known. Depending on the temperature and operating pressure, values from US$ 1,475.30 to prepare MEAs for each installed kilowatt were obtained. Taking into account recent studies, it was concluded that the cost of the developed MEA is compatible with PEMFC stationary application.

The dissertation aims to obtain an integrated and comprehensive perspective on measurement issues that play a strategic role in organisations that aim at continuous quality improvement through TQM. The multidimensional definition of quality is proposed to view quality holistically. The definition is dynamic, thus dimensions are subject to evolution. Measurement of the quality dimensions is investigated. The relationship between quality and cost, productivity and profitability respectively is examined. The product quality dimensions are redefined for processes. Measurement is a strategic component ofTQM. Integration of financial measures with supplier-; customer-; performance- and internal process measurement is essential for synergism. Measurement of quality management is an additional strategic quality dimension. Applicable research was integrated. Quantitative structures used successfully in industry to achieve quality improvement is important, thus the quality management maturity grid, cleanroom software engineering, software factories, quality function deployment, benchmarking and the ISO 9000 standards are briefly described. Software Metrics Programs are considered to be an application of a holistic measurement approach to quality. Two practical approaches are identified. A framework for initiating implementation is proposed. Two strategic software measurement issues are reliability and cost estimation. Software reliability measurement and modelling are introduced. A strategic approach to software cost estimation is suggested. The critical role of data collection is emphasized. Different approaches to implement software cost estimation in organisations are proposed. A total installed cost template as the ultimate goal is envisaged. An overview of selected software cost estimation models is provided. Potential research areas are identified. The linearity/nonlinearity nature of the software production function is analysed. The synergy between software cost estimation models and project management techniques is investigated. The quantification aspects of uncertainty in activity durations, pertaining to project scheduling, are discussed. Statistical distributions for activity durations are reviewed and compared. A structural view of criteria determining activity duration distribution selection is provided. Estimation issues are reviewed. The integration of knowledge from dispersed fields leads to new dimensions of interaction. Research and practical experience regarding software metrics and software metrics programs can be successfully applied to address the measurement of strategic indicators in other industries. / Business Management / D. Phil. (Operations Research)

Producing the strongest bio-based material called nanocellulose, in the form of filaments, has shown to be technically feasible at lab-scale, but the production costs remain unknown. The research has focused on technical feasibility and less on costs, which is a common phenomenon when developing new technologies. Constructing a Process-Based Cost Model (PBCM) can link the technical aspects of a technology to its costs of production. However, the accuracy of such a model might be dependent on the data availability of the technology. In this study, the technology of producing nanocellulose filaments has been evaluated along the scale of Technology Readiness Level (TRL) to understand the maturity of the technology and a PBCM has been constructed to show the economic prerequisites for the production of nanocellulose filaments. The main results indicate that at TRL 4, with parts of TRL 5 fulfilled, parameters such as Capital Expenditures cannot be allocated to unit production cost, only Operational Expenditures. Therefore, the relevant cost elements become material and energy as these constitute the currently available data. The PBCM can thus be used to estimate the production costs of different scenarios while highlighting the areas of future research. In the empirical context of nanocellulose filament production, utilizing deionized water in the production is a more promising option compared to utilizing solvents as the cost of recovering the solvent becomes high. Furthermore, using deionized water also becomes more promising due to the fact that other scenarios have not yet been evaluated experimentally. However, as the technology matures and more data becomes available, the model accuracy will increase as more parameters can be included in the model and the basis increases for decisionmaking regarding techno-economic concerns of the technology. / Produktionen av världens starkaste biobaserade material, nanocellulosa i filamentform, har visat sig vara tekniskt möjligt på labbskala, men produktionskostnaderna är idag okända. Forskning som fokuserar mer på den tekniska genomförbarheten och mindre på produktionskostnader är ett vanligt förekommande fenomen i utveckling av ny teknologi. Genom att konstruera en processbaserad kostnadsmodell (PBCM) kan en teknologis tekniska aspekt länkas till dess produktionskostnader. Dock påverkas en sådan modells noggrannhet av datatillgängligheten för teknologin. I denna studie har teknologin för produktionen av nanocellulosa filament utvärderats längs med Technology Readiness Level (TRL) skalan för att förstå teknologins mognadsgrad. Därefter har en PBCM konstruerats för att visa de ekonomiska förutsättningarna för en produktion av nanocellulosafilamenten på industriell skala. Huvudresultaten indikerar att på TRL 4, med delar av TRL 5 uppfyllda, kan somliga parametrar såsom investeringskostnader inte allokeras till enhetsproduktionskostnaden, utan bara löpande kostnader. De relevanta kostnadselementen blir därför material och energi då dessa utgör den aktuellt tillgängliga datan. PBCM kan därför användas för att beräkna produktionskostnader av olika scenarion och lyfta fram områden för framtida forskning. I den empiriska kontexten av produktionen av nanocellulosafilament är användningen av avjoniserat vatten ett mer lovande alternativ jämfört med användningen av lösningsmedel då kostnaden för återvinningen av lösningsmedlet blir högt. Dessutom är användningen av avjoniserat vatten mer lovande eftersom övriga scenarion inte har testats experimentellt än. Allteftersom teknologin mognar och mer data blir tillgänglig, så kommer modellens noggrannhet öka då fler parametrar kan inkluderas i modellen och därmed kan underlaget öka för beslutsfattning gällande teknoekonomiska frågor om teknologin.

<p dir="ltr">Small and medium enterprises generally employ the use of custom developed quoting programs to bid on goods and services. Custom bid programs (e.g., Microsoft Excel) are used to capture the company-specific costs of production. The inputs of variable costs, such as machine rate and scrap rate, are critical to get correct (Brassington & Pettitt, 2013); however, companies often rely on educated guesses and industry expertise to quote packaging products to end-users. Due to the guesswork involved there can be a financial difference between the quoted costs and actual costs. This variance is often the cause of significant lost dollars. Price, if not determined correctly, could negatively impact both the company’s and the product’s profitability (Helna, 2020). Predictive analytics can be used to support quoting activities by providing a future value based on previous job performance. The purpose of the present study is to identify whether predictive analytics can be used to predict machine rate and scrap rate to give more accuracy to quoting estimation.</p>