The Taiwanese early intervention/early childhood special education (EI/ECSE) system is modeled after the federal legislation and practices of the U.S., incorporating specific cultural beliefs in Taiwan. Nonetheless, in EI/ECSE assessments, several challenges are presented, including: (a) limited resources and funding, (b) lack of reliable and valid instruments, (c) lack of progress monitoring for at-risk children, (d) no (or limited) active role for caregivers as informants in the assessment administration process, and (e) lack of communication between parents and professionals. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Inventory (ASQ: Inventory) is a dual-purpose tool that can be completed by early childhood practitioners and parents for developmental screening and progress monitoring. This instrument is considered a potential solution for the challenges in Taiwanese EI/ECSE assessments. Thus, the ASQ: Inventory was translated into Traditional Chinese following rigorous procedures. Its technical adequacy, cultural appropriateness, and utility were investigated in this study. Results indicated that the Traditional Chinese ASQ: Inventory was an instrument with solid internal consistency and construct validity and that it was well accepted by parent and professional participants. The instrument was also able to document progress in children's skills measured in chronological age intervals. Additionally, items in each domain were dispersed across a wide range of difficulty levels. When comparing between the two language versions using item response theory modeling, most items demonstrated invariant response patterns between the English and Traditional Chinese ASQ: Inventory. At the sample level, Taiwanese children scored significantly higher than U.S. children in problem-solving and personal-social, whereas U.S. children scored significantly higher in fine motor at the ages of 36, 42, and 48 months. The findings of this initial investigation suggested that the Traditional Chinese ASQ: Inventory should continue to be studied with the Taiwanese population. This instrument may help accelerate the referral and identification process in EI/ECSE and promote the concept of caregiver-completed assessments. By completing the questionnaire, caregivers may have increased awareness of child development and will be able to closely oversee a child's progress and focus on strengths in his/her learning profile. Future studies should focus on studying the technical adequacy of this instrument and exploring the development of a computerized ASQ: Inventory system.

The recent trends in the international crude oil price have brought back the interest of researchers to the importance of the practiced by the government fuel pricing policy for the domestic economy, especially in the developing world. Brazil constitutes a particularly interesting case when it comes to the government participation in the domestic fuel sectors. The state-owned oil company Petrobras acts as a price-setter for all petroleum derivatives sold in the country. This policy, however, has had severe negative consequences for the Brazilian fuel sector and especially for the domestic ethanol industry. Thus, the main goal of this study is to provide a basis for the development of a reformed pricing policy, which is more suitable for the needs of the country and does not have severe negative impact on the domestic economy. For this purpose, this work is divided into three chapters that interrelate and contribute for the achieving of the objective. The first chapter focuses on a comparative analysis of the dynamic correlation between the domestic fuel prices and international crude oil in Brazil, Germany and the United States. The results of the performed MGARCH-DCC estimation for the three countries provide empirical evidence for the differences existing between the pass-through of volatility from international oil markets to the domestic economy. The artificially established by the government ex-refinery prices of petroleum derivatives in Brazil led to lower correlation in comparison to Germany and the U.S. - two countries where the government does not intervene in the formation of the prices of petroleum derivatives. The used combination of free fuel prices and flexible fiscal policy, as the case of Germany, can induce competitiveness in the domestic fuel sector and at the same time keep domestic prices stable - an example that should be considered by policy makers in Brazil. The second chapter goes one step further by including the biofuel sectors in the analysis in order to verify if there exist differences in the biofuel-related price transmission mechanisms in the three countries of interest. The obtained results of the performed cointegration tests and estimation of VECM show that while in Brazil and in the U.S. the ethanol sectors are characterized by a stable relationship between the examined price series, in Germany such a strong and permanent link is not observed - a result that can be attributed to the changes in the policy regarding biofuels in the country, as well as to the specific characteristics of its biofuel-related sectors. The third chapter of the study gives a continuation to the analysis by focusing on the situation in Brazil and the hypothetical effects of a free fuel pricing policy. A simulated free gasoline price for the period between 2007 and 2016 is constructed and the hypothetical responses of the ethanol sector are calculated, using the obtained by the estimation of a structural VEC model demand elasticities. The results show that such a change in the policy would have led to higher ethanol prices in the state of São Paulo, making it more profitable for sugarcane producers to engage in the production of biofuel instead of sugar, which would have been beneficial for the sector, especially after 2011 when it entered a severe crisis. The final conclusion of this work is that there is a need for reformulating the practiced fuel pricing policy in Brazil in order to help ethanol regain its previous competitiveness as a substitute for conventional fossil fuels and to reestablish itself in the country\'s energy matrix. / As recentes tendências do preço internacional do petróleo renovaram o interesse dos pesquisadores na importância da política de formação de preços de combustíveis praticada pelo governo para a economia doméstica, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento. O Brasil constitui um caso particularmente interessante no contexto de intervenção do governo em setores domésticos de combustíveis: A empresa petrolífera estatal Petrobras atua como price-setter para todos os derivados de petróleo comercializados no país. Essa política, no entanto, trouxe graves conseqüências negativas para o setor brasileiro de combustíveis - e especialmente para a indústria nacional de etanol. Nesse contexto, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi fornecer uma base para o desenvolvimento de uma política de preços reformada, que seja mais adequada às necessidades do país e não tenha um impacto tão negativo para a economia doméstica. Para tanto, a presente pesquisa foi dividida em três capítulos distintos. O primeiro capítulo aborda uma análise comparativa da correlação dinâmica entre os preços domésticos dos combustíveis e o preço internacional do petróleo para o Brasil, a Alemanha e os Estados Unidos. Os resultados da estimativa de um modelo MGARCH-DCC realizada para os três países fornecem evidências empíricas das diferenças existentes entre o pass-through da volatilidade do mercado internacional de petróleo para a economia doméstica. O estabelecimento artificial dos preços de refinaria pelo governo brasileiro levou a uma correlação menor em comparação à Alemanha e aos EUA - dois países onde o governo não intervém nos preços dos combustíveis. Uma combinação de política de preço dos derivados do petróleo livre e uma política fiscal flexível como na Alemanhã poderia trazer competitividade para o setor doméstico de combustíveis e ao mesmo tempo garantir um preço estável ao consumidor - um exemplo que deve ser considerado pelo governo brasileiro. O segundo capítulo vai um passo além, incluindo os setores de biocombustíveis na análise, a fim de verificar se existem diferenças nos mecanismos de transmissão de preços relacionados aos biocombustíveis nos três países estudados. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de cointegração e na estimativa de um modelo VEC mostram que, enquanto no Brasil e nos EUA os setores de etanol se caracterizam por uma relação estável entre as séries de preços examinadas, na Alemanha não se observa um vínculo tão forte e permanente - um resultado que pode ser atribuído às mudanças na política de biocombustíveis no país, bem como às características específicas de seus setores de biocombustíveis. O terceiro capítulo do estudo dá continuidade à análise, focando na situação do Brasil e nos efeitos hipotéticos de uma política de preços livres dos combustíveis. Uma simulação de preço livre para a gasolina no período entre 2007 e 2016 foi construído e as respostas hipotéticas do setor de etanol foram calculadas, usando as elasticidades da demanda obtidas pela estimação de um modelo VEC estrutural. Os resultados mostram que uma política mais liberal teria levado ao aumento no preço do etanol no estado de São Paulo, tornando a produção de etanol mais lucrativa do que o açúcar para os produtores de cana, o que teria sido benéfico para o setor - especialmente depois de 2011, quando ele entrou em uma grave crise. A conclusão final deste trabalho é de que se faz necessária uma reformulação da política de formação de preços praticada no Brasil, a fim de ajudar o etanol a recuperar sua competitividade como substituto a combustíveis fósseis e a se restabelecer na matriz energética do país.

The recent trends in the international crude oil price have brought back the interest of researchers to the importance of the practiced by the government fuel pricing policy for the domestic economy, especially in the developing world. Brazil constitutes a particularly interesting case when it comes to the government participation in the domestic fuel sectors. The state-owned oil company Petrobras acts as a price-setter for all petroleum derivatives sold in the country. This policy, however, has had severe negative consequences for the Brazilian fuel sector and especially for the domestic ethanol industry. Thus, the main goal of this study is to provide a basis for the development of a reformed pricing policy, which is more suitable for the needs of the country and does not have severe negative impact on the domestic economy. For this purpose, this work is divided into three chapters that interrelate and contribute for the achieving of the objective. The first chapter focuses on a comparative analysis of the dynamic correlation between the domestic fuel prices and international crude oil in Brazil, Germany and the United States. The results of the performed MGARCH-DCC estimation for the three countries provide empirical evidence for the differences existing between the pass-through of volatility from international oil markets to the domestic economy. The artificially established by the government ex-refinery prices of petroleum derivatives in Brazil led to lower correlation in comparison to Germany and the U.S. - two countries where the government does not intervene in the formation of the prices of petroleum derivatives. The used combination of free fuel prices and flexible fiscal policy, as the case of Germany, can induce competitiveness in the domestic fuel sector and at the same time keep domestic prices stable - an example that should be considered by policy makers in Brazil. The second chapter goes one step further by including the biofuel sectors in the analysis in order to verify if there exist differences in the biofuel-related price transmission mechanisms in the three countries of interest. The obtained results of the performed cointegration tests and estimation of VECM show that while in Brazil and in the U.S. the ethanol sectors are characterized by a stable relationship between the examined price series, in Germany such a strong and permanent link is not observed - a result that can be attributed to the changes in the policy regarding biofuels in the country, as well as to the specific characteristics of its biofuel-related sectors. The third chapter of the study gives a continuation to the analysis by focusing on the situation in Brazil and the hypothetical effects of a free fuel pricing policy. A simulated free gasoline price for the period between 2007 and 2016 is constructed and the hypothetical responses of the ethanol sector are calculated, using the obtained by the estimation of a structural VEC model demand elasticities. The results show that such a change in the policy would have led to higher ethanol prices in the state of São Paulo, making it more profitable for sugarcane producers to engage in the production of biofuel instead of sugar, which would have been beneficial for the sector, especially after 2011 when it entered a severe crisis. The final conclusion of this work is that there is a need for reformulating the practiced fuel pricing policy in Brazil in order to help ethanol regain its previous competitiveness as a substitute for conventional fossil fuels and to reestablish itself in the country\'s energy matrix. / As recentes tendências do preço internacional do petróleo renovaram o interesse dos pesquisadores na importância da política de formação de preços de combustíveis praticada pelo governo para a economia doméstica, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento. O Brasil constitui um caso particularmente interessante no contexto de intervenção do governo em setores domésticos de combustíveis: A empresa petrolífera estatal Petrobras atua como price-setter para todos os derivados de petróleo comercializados no país. Essa política, no entanto, trouxe graves conseqüências negativas para o setor brasileiro de combustíveis - e especialmente para a indústria nacional de etanol. Nesse contexto, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi fornecer uma base para o desenvolvimento de uma política de preços reformada, que seja mais adequada às necessidades do país e não tenha um impacto tão negativo para a economia doméstica. Para tanto, a presente pesquisa foi dividida em três capítulos distintos. O primeiro capítulo aborda uma análise comparativa da correlação dinâmica entre os preços domésticos dos combustíveis e o preço internacional do petróleo para o Brasil, a Alemanha e os Estados Unidos. Os resultados da estimativa de um modelo MGARCH-DCC realizada para os três países fornecem evidências empíricas das diferenças existentes entre o pass-through da volatilidade do mercado internacional de petróleo para a economia doméstica. O estabelecimento artificial dos preços de refinaria pelo governo brasileiro levou a uma correlação menor em comparação à Alemanha e aos EUA - dois países onde o governo não intervém nos preços dos combustíveis. Uma combinação de política de preço dos derivados do petróleo livre e uma política fiscal flexível como na Alemanhã poderia trazer competitividade para o setor doméstico de combustíveis e ao mesmo tempo garantir um preço estável ao consumidor - um exemplo que deve ser considerado pelo governo brasileiro. O segundo capítulo vai um passo além, incluindo os setores de biocombustíveis na análise, a fim de verificar se existem diferenças nos mecanismos de transmissão de preços relacionados aos biocombustíveis nos três países estudados. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de cointegração e na estimativa de um modelo VEC mostram que, enquanto no Brasil e nos EUA os setores de etanol se caracterizam por uma relação estável entre as séries de preços examinadas, na Alemanha não se observa um vínculo tão forte e permanente - um resultado que pode ser atribuído às mudanças na política de biocombustíveis no país, bem como às características específicas de seus setores de biocombustíveis. O terceiro capítulo do estudo dá continuidade à análise, focando na situação do Brasil e nos efeitos hipotéticos de uma política de preços livres dos combustíveis. Uma simulação de preço livre para a gasolina no período entre 2007 e 2016 foi construído e as respostas hipotéticas do setor de etanol foram calculadas, usando as elasticidades da demanda obtidas pela estimação de um modelo VEC estrutural. Os resultados mostram que uma política mais liberal teria levado ao aumento no preço do etanol no estado de São Paulo, tornando a produção de etanol mais lucrativa do que o açúcar para os produtores de cana, o que teria sido benéfico para o setor - especialmente depois de 2011, quando ele entrou em uma grave crise. A conclusão final deste trabalho é de que se faz necessária uma reformulação da política de formação de preços praticada no Brasil, a fim de ajudar o etanol a recuperar sua competitividade como substituto a combustíveis fósseis e a se restabelecer na matriz energética do país.

Following a series of reporting scandals in the early 2000s, several researchers studied the gradual shift toward more principles-based accounting systems. There seems to be a general belief that the adoption of international principles-based accounting standards will improve financial reporting quality worldwide, although little evidence is provided for this claim. At the same time several studies claim that heterogeneity in countries’ environmental factors will not lead to harmonized accounting practices and that important differences will remain even though there is common international accounting system. This study contributes to the literature regarding a shift toward more principles-based standards by investigating the effect of increased requirements’ flexibility on disclosure practices in an international environment characterized by harmonized accounting regulations but heterogeneous disclosure practices. The standards that are used are IFRS 8 Operating segment and its predecessor IAS 14R Segment Reporting. IFRS 8 took effect from January 1 2009. The countries included in the study represent the four largest economies in Europe, namely the UK, Germany, France and Italy. The methodology used is quantitative and follows a positivistic research approach. This study investigates the impact that a regulatory change has on disclosure practices by observing data reported in the annual reports and asserts the eventual differences between the two standards and across the four countries. The study provides evidence of only a marginal change in segment disclosure practices after the introduction of IFRS 8. The change is mostly characterized by a loss of key information indicating that more flexible requirements negatively impact accounting practices. This implies that if the purpose of a regulatory change is to assure a certain level of information, more rigid requirements are to be preferred. Further, this study shows that, opposed to expectations; disclosure practices are more heterogeneous under more rules-based standards. However, there is indication that the reason for increased homogeneity is that companies listed in the UK and Germany, presenting a higher amount of segment information under IAS 14R, have decreased the information under IFRS 8. It seems thus that standard enforceability decreases under more flexible disclosure requirements.

Research Question: To what extent do social media reviews’ effect on the purchase   intention and actual buying behaviour of consumers differ in the beauty industry in a cross-country comparison?     Purpose:   The purpose of this study is to explore to what extent consumers in the beauty industry perceive the importance of social media reviews and if it has direct or indirect effect on either their purchase intentions or buying behaviors or if not on both. The aim is then to contribute to limited research available and to see if this connection differs with the country particularly between Sweden and Sri Lanka.   Methodology:     A descriptive qualitative research strategy was approached conducting semi-structured interviews with a total of fourteen participants both from Sweden and Sri Lanka. Open-ended questions were asked and thematic analysis was used when analyzing the collected primary data.   Conclusion: Respondents from Sweden were more engaged with social media reviews and their purchase decisions were based mostly on social media reviews. Sri Lankan respondents were interested in negative reviews while Swedish respondents were highly affected and motivated by positive reviews. Even if young consumers in Sri Lanka were motivated to purchase beauty products because of social media reviews, almost all of the Sri Lankan respondents’ purchase decisions were highly impacted by family and friends compared to effects of social media reviews.

In Bezug auf irreguläre Migrationsformen, die sich den bestehenden rechtlichen Einreise- und Aufenthaltsregelungen entziehen, wird nur selten hinterfragt, inwieweit diese durch Attribution von Aufenthaltsmerkmalen konstruiert werden. Entscheidend hierfür ist die national(staatlich)e Zugehörigkeit. Die vorliegende Arbeit fokussiert die Wechselwirkungen von Illegalität und Illegalisierung. Um die Konstruktionsmechanismen besser aufzudecken, wurde ein Ländervergleich zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich gewählt. So wurden Zeitungsartikel aus jeweils zwei deutschen und französischen Zeitungen inhaltsanalytisch untersucht. Zwei zentrale Fragestellungen standen im Vordergrund. Zum einen wurde untersucht, in welchem Kontext Illegalität und Illegalisierung thematisiert werden und in welcher Gewichtung sie auftreten. Des Weiteren wurde betrachtet, welche Argumentationen im Umgang mit den Betroffenen im öffentlichen Diskurs dargestellt werden. Dabei wurde festgestellt, dass stärker als angenommen Illegalisierungselemente in den Medien dargestellt werden, allerdings kaum als solche benannt werden. Illegalität und Illegalisierung werden darüber hinaus kaum in einen Zusammenhang gestellt. Argumente werden selten detailliert dargestellt, wobei in der Regel eine Rückbindung an allgemeine Zuwanderungsdiskurse zu beobachten ist. Ein diskursiver Exkurs deckt wesentliche Unterschiede zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich auf. Die Arbeit versucht, das Bild von Migranten ohne regulären Aufenthaltsstatus zu differenzieren und Fragen im Umgang mit Fremdheitserfahrungen zu erörtern.

This study is based on data regarding the social, economic, and demographic characteristics of 130 countries, and uses fixed effects estimation for the model analysis. It demonstrates that tourism development represents a complex process, which requires the implication of a multitude of stakeholders. Macroeconomic factors, such as GDP per capita growth and economic openness, are having a positive impact because they benefit private ownership and motivate people to open tourism-related businesses. Overall, higher carbon dioxide emissions and worse safety are having a negative effect over tourism development. Human development factors, such as education, are generally beneficial to the long-term tourism growth because they serve as positive externalities. Clustering the initial dataset based on various economic, demographic and social factors brought several new conclusions. Particularly, GDP per capita growth is not an important tourism development factor among developed countries, whereas the dummy variable for the year 2010 is a substantial one. Education and economic freedom are particularly important regressors for post-socialist states. The former is also crucial among African countries and in the Latin American region, where safety has also an essential impact over tourism development. Finally, tourism in small states would benefit the most from lower emissions,whereas in big states the best strategy for the policymaker would be to increase safety measures.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24099号 / 工博第5021号 / 新制||工||1784(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 CRUZ Ana Maria , 教授 須崎 純一, 准教授 松島 格也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Bioenergy contributes significantly towards the share of renewable energies, in Europe and worldwide. Besides solid and liquid biofuels, gaseous biofuels, such as biogas or upgraded biogas (biomethane), are an established renewable fuel in Europe. Although many studies consider biomethane technologies, feedstock potentials, or sustainability issues, the literature on the required legislative framework for market introduction is limited. Therefore, this research aims at identifying the market and legislative framework conditions in the three leading biomethane markets in Europe and compare them to the framework conditions of the top six non-European biomethane markets. This study shows the global status and national differences in promoting this renewable energy carrier. For the cross-country comparison, a systematic and iterative literature review is conducted. The results show the top three European biomethane markets (Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden) and the six non-European biomethane markets (Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, and the United States of America), pursuing different promotion approaches and framework conditions. Noteworthy cross-national findings are the role of state-level incentives, the tendency to utilise biomethane as vehicular fuel and the focus on residues and waste as feedstock for biomethane production. Presenting a cross-country comparison, this study supports cross-country learning for the promotion of renewable energies like biomethane and gives a pertinent overview of the work.

Das Forschungsprojekt InDaLE (Innovative Ansätze der Daseinsvorsorge in ländlichen Räumen – Lernen von Erfahrungen anderer europäischer Länder für Deutschland) untersuchte innovative Ansätze der Daseinsvorsorge in Österreich, Schweden, Schottland sowie Deutschland und prüfte deren Übertragbarkeit bzw. Anwendbarkeit auf ländliche Räume in Deutschland. Die Analyse von Erfahrungen im europäischen Ausland zur Anpassung von Infrastrukturen wird für die Entwicklung innovativer Ansätze in Deutschland genutzt und kann neue Lösungen bieten.:ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS VII TABELLENVERZEICHNIS VIII VORWORT 9 1 EINLEITUNG 12 1.1 Problemdarstellung und Motivation 12 1.2 Innovationen in der ländlichen Daseinsvorsorge: Forschungsstand 12 1.3 Projektverständnis 14 2 VERSTETIGUNG, ÜBERTRAGBARKEIT UND GOVERNANCE: KONZEPTIONELLE VORÜBERLEGUNGEN 15 2.1 Verstetigung 15 2.2 Übertragbarkeit 23 2.3 Governance von Daseinsvorsorge 28 3 METHODISCHES VORGEHEN: PROJEKTAUSWAHL, DATENERHEBUNGEN UND -ANALYSE 31 3.1 Vorauswahl und Checkliste 31 3.2 Finale Projektauswahl 31 3.3 Datenerhebung zu den Projekten 34 3.4 Datenauswertung der leitfadengestützten Interviews 36 4 RAHMENBEDINGUNGEN IN DEN UNTERSUCHUNGSLÄNDERN 38 4.1 Deutschland 38 4.2 Österreich 41 4.3 Schottland 45 4.4 Schweden 48 5 GOVERNANCE UND HERAUSFORDERUNGEN DER DASEINSVORSORGEBEREICHE IN LÄNDLICHEN RÄUMEN 53 5.1 Nachschulische Bildung 53 5.2 Medizinische Versorgung und Pflege 56 5.3 Nichtpolizeiliche Gefahrenabwehr 60 6 PROJEKTSTECKBRIEFE 67 6.1 Nachschulische Bildung 67 6.2 Medizinische Versorgung und Pflege 74 6.3 Nichtpolizeiliche Gefahrenabwehr 82 7 VERSTETIGUNG INNOVATIVER PROJEKTE: FÖRDERLICHE UND HEMMENDE FAKTOREN 89 7.1 Nachschulische Bildung 89 7.2 Medizinische Versorgung und Pflege 101 7.3 Nichtpolizeiliche Gefahrenabwehr 114 8 VERSTETIGUNG NACH WIRKUNGSBEREICHEN: ÜBERGREIFENDE ERKENNTNISSE AUS DEN BEISPIELPROJEKTEN 123 8.1 Inhaltlicher Wirkungsbereich 123 8.2 Organisationsstruktureller Wirkungsbereich 125 8.3 Politisch-administrativer Wirkungsbereich 126 8.4 Finanzieller Wirkungsbereich 127 9 INNOVATIVE LÖSUNGEN UND ANSÄTZE DER DASEINSVORSORGE IN LÄNDLICHEN RÄUMEN 129 9.1 Thesen zum inhaltlichen Wirkungsbereich 129 9.2 Thesen zum organisationsstrukturellen Wirkungsbereich 132 9.3 Thesen zum politisch-administrativen Wirkungsbereich 135 9.4 Thesen zum finanziellen Wirkungsbereich 139 10 HANDLUNGSEMPFEHLUNGEN 142 10.1 Empfehlungen für die untersuchten Daseinsvorsorgebereiche 142 10.2 Checkliste für Projektträger zur Verstetigung 147 11 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ZENTRALER ERGEBNISSE 149 11.1 Zentrale Erkenntnisse aus den drei untersuchten Daseinsvorsorgebereichen 149 11.2 Schlussfolgerungen für die Forschung 154 12 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS 157 ANHANG I: PROJEKTBETEILIGTE UND PROJEKTVERANSTALTUNGEN 171 ANHANG II: INDALE-GLOSSAR 173 ANHANG III: INTERVIEWLEITFÄDEN 175 / The research project InDaLE (Innovative approaches to services of general interest in rural areas - learning from the experiences of other European countries for Germany) analysed innovative approaches to services of general interest in Austria, Sweden, Scotland and Germany and examined their transferability and applicability to rural areas in Germany. The analysis of experiences in other European countries regarding the adaptation of infrastructures is used for the development of innovative approaches in Germany and can offer new solutions.:ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS VII TABELLENVERZEICHNIS VIII VORWORT 9 1 EINLEITUNG 12 1.1 Problemdarstellung und Motivation 12 1.2 Innovationen in der ländlichen Daseinsvorsorge: Forschungsstand 12 1.3 Projektverständnis 14 2 VERSTETIGUNG, ÜBERTRAGBARKEIT UND GOVERNANCE: KONZEPTIONELLE VORÜBERLEGUNGEN 15 2.1 Verstetigung 15 2.2 Übertragbarkeit 23 2.3 Governance von Daseinsvorsorge 28 3 METHODISCHES VORGEHEN: PROJEKTAUSWAHL, DATENERHEBUNGEN UND -ANALYSE 31 3.1 Vorauswahl und Checkliste 31 3.2 Finale Projektauswahl 31 3.3 Datenerhebung zu den Projekten 34 3.4 Datenauswertung der leitfadengestützten Interviews 36 4 RAHMENBEDINGUNGEN IN DEN UNTERSUCHUNGSLÄNDERN 38 4.1 Deutschland 38 4.2 Österreich 41 4.3 Schottland 45 4.4 Schweden 48 5 GOVERNANCE UND HERAUSFORDERUNGEN DER DASEINSVORSORGEBEREICHE IN LÄNDLICHEN RÄUMEN 53 5.1 Nachschulische Bildung 53 5.2 Medizinische Versorgung und Pflege 56 5.3 Nichtpolizeiliche Gefahrenabwehr 60 6 PROJEKTSTECKBRIEFE 67 6.1 Nachschulische Bildung 67 6.2 Medizinische Versorgung und Pflege 74 6.3 Nichtpolizeiliche Gefahrenabwehr 82 7 VERSTETIGUNG INNOVATIVER PROJEKTE: FÖRDERLICHE UND HEMMENDE FAKTOREN 89 7.1 Nachschulische Bildung 89 7.2 Medizinische Versorgung und Pflege 101 7.3 Nichtpolizeiliche Gefahrenabwehr 114 8 VERSTETIGUNG NACH WIRKUNGSBEREICHEN: ÜBERGREIFENDE ERKENNTNISSE AUS DEN BEISPIELPROJEKTEN 123 8.1 Inhaltlicher Wirkungsbereich 123 8.2 Organisationsstruktureller Wirkungsbereich 125 8.3 Politisch-administrativer Wirkungsbereich 126 8.4 Finanzieller Wirkungsbereich 127 9 INNOVATIVE LÖSUNGEN UND ANSÄTZE DER DASEINSVORSORGE IN LÄNDLICHEN RÄUMEN 129 9.1 Thesen zum inhaltlichen Wirkungsbereich 129 9.2 Thesen zum organisationsstrukturellen Wirkungsbereich 132 9.3 Thesen zum politisch-administrativen Wirkungsbereich 135 9.4 Thesen zum finanziellen Wirkungsbereich 139 10 HANDLUNGSEMPFEHLUNGEN 142 10.1 Empfehlungen für die untersuchten Daseinsvorsorgebereiche 142 10.2 Checkliste für Projektträger zur Verstetigung 147 11 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ZENTRALER ERGEBNISSE 149 11.1 Zentrale Erkenntnisse aus den drei untersuchten Daseinsvorsorgebereichen 149 11.2 Schlussfolgerungen für die Forschung 154 12 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS 157 ANHANG I: PROJEKTBETEILIGTE UND PROJEKTVERANSTALTUNGEN 171 ANHANG II: INDALE-GLOSSAR 173 ANHANG III: INTERVIEWLEITFÄDEN 175