Este trabalho analisa a obra do chileno Roberto Bolaño (1953-2003) sob a ótica da coragem, vislumbrada como traço marcante dos personagens bolanianos e entendida pelo autor como requisito da literatura de qualidade, que supõe a proximidade da arte com uma espécie de abismo. Num primeiro momento, perguntamo-nos sobre quais seriam os perigos que, de acordo com Bolaño, rondariam a literatura e que exigiriam do escritor uma atuação corajosa. Para isso, valemo-nos de romances como Amuleto e Estrella distante, do conto El Ojo Silva e das intervenções críticas de Bolaño. Posteriormente, nos centramos na obra Los detectives salvajes, que retoma procedimentos narrativos e cânones - como as vanguardas e as neovanguardas - considerados corajosos por sua inovação formal, pela crítica às instituições e pela formulação de uma estética que se entrelaça com uma ética. Nesse mesmo processo, verificamos que o autor diagnostica a perda de espaço desses procedimentos corajosos no cenário literário contemporâneo, pautado pelo abandono das utopias e pelas exigências do mercado literário. Vemos que a obra caminha para a elaboração de uma ética possível nesse novo contexto, e que será marcada pela recusa da estabilidade, que se traduz em deslocamento geográfico e linguístico. / This paper analyzes the work of chilean writer Roberto Bolaño (1953-2003) from the perspective of courage, envisioned as a remarkable feature of his characters and considered by the author as a requirement for a writing with quality, which supposes the proximity between art and a kind of abyss. At first, we wonder about what would be the dangers that, according to Bolaño, surround literature and require a courageous performance. Novels such as Amuleto and Estrella distante, the tale El Ojo Silva and the critical interventions of Bolaño, can be used as examples of that kind of performance. Subsequently, we focus on the work Los detectives salvajes, which incorporates narrative procedures and canons - such as the vanguards and neovanguards - considered courageous due to their formal innovation, the criticism of institutions and the formulation of an aesthetic that is interlaced with a kind of ethic. In that case, we find out that the author had diagnosed the loss of space for these courageous procedures in contemporary literature scene, marked by the abandon of utopias and the demands of the literature market. We can also observe that his work is heading towards the elaboration of a possible ethics in this new context, which will be stamped by the refusal of stability, translated into geographical and linguistic displacement.

The Adolescent Discouragement Indicator (ADI) was developed to assess the Adlerian construct of discouragement. The 75-item ADI contains five subscales corresponding to the five life tasks specified in Individual Psychology and is specifically designed to pinpoint the area and degree of adolescent discouragement. Item selection was based on ratings by five prominent Adlerians and item correlation with subscale scores. Age and sex norms for the ADI were established on 225 females and 299 males 12 to 18 years of age. Findings indicate that female adolescents are less discouraged than male adolescents on all scales except the love scale and both sexes reported the least amount of discouragment on the love scale. The only significant difference among the age groups is between the 13-year-olds and the 15, 16, and 17-year-olds on the love scale. An internal consistency coefficient of .95, a 2-week test-retest coefficient of .89, and a 4-week test-retest coefficient of .92 indicates that the ADI is a reliable instrument. Negative and significant (p < .001) correlations between the ADI and Social Interest Index (Greever, Tseng, & Friedland, 1973) and between the ADI and the Social Interest Scale (Crandall, 1975) contribute to construct validity and support Adler's belief that discouragement and social interest are inversely related. Results of behavioral and academic comparisons on a sample of adolescent males (N=57) seem to indicate a link between behavior, academic performance, and levels of discouragement. Results of factor analysis and interscale correlations are presented. Implications for further research include continued validation using behavioral criteria associated with discouragement, refinement of the subscales and establishment of score ranges to indicate when an adolescent is considered discouraged.

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Aristotle proclaimed in his Poetics that there were six elements to drama: spectacle, music, diction, thought, character, and plot. This paper will analyze the play Thom Pain (based on nothing) against these six elements. I will discuss the aspects of each element that are present in the show as well as the ideas and concepts my director, Tad Ingram, and I brought to the show. Through the rehearsal and performance process I discovered a seventh element; the element of fearlessness. In his Poetics, Aristotle does not fully address what the actor brings to the performance and this aspect is just as important as what the script and staging bring to the performance.

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The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the musical and inner human processes that emerged in the lived experience of solo and joint free improvisation from the viewpoint of the improviser, also exploring how those processes related to the improviser’s world. The study included eight adult participants, musicians and non-musicians (amateurs), who varied in their improvisational experience as well as in age, personal and professional background. Each participant was engaged in one solo and one joint improvisation (with the researcher) on their chosen musical instruments. Improvisations were followed by an in-depth semi-structured interviews involving immediate impressions of the experience as a whole, followed by listening to the recorded improvisations where participants identified significant musical moments The synthesis of verbal and musical data revealed five interconnected, non-linear phases of the improvisers’ movement toward the attainment of creative freedom. Those were: Acceptance and Trust (letting go of expectations and judgment), Adaptation (moving through uncertainty with self and with another), Emergence (taking individual and social risks toward discovery), Transcendence (experiencing flow and moments of sync) and Expansion (experiencing the joy of individual and mutual creation). These emerged phases portrayed various musical and extra musical dimensions of the improvisers’ way of thinking, searching, acting, being and feeling in and through sound making- from the very beginning to the ending phases of their solo and joint experiences.   Reflecting humanistic-existential thinking and other relevant literature, the findings of the study showed a direct link between individuals’ involvement in improvisation and the development of courage, intentionality, adaptability, vulnerability, and empathy within meaningful musical engagement as essential qualities toward authentic growth. Participants’ musical experiences also showed a link between improvisation and life meaning. They specifically discussed issues of letting go of judgment, developing flexibility, taking personal and interpersonal risks and practicing mindful ways of listening to self and others. Applications of improvisation were discussed in the context of psychotherapy, suggesting a protocol on the conditions, practices and emerging meanings within clinical improvisation work. / Music Therapy / Accompanied by one compressed .rar file.

Title: The men we don’t see, and the women we can’t hear: A qualitative interview study about prostitution and human trafficking in hotel environment. This qualitative interview study aims to put a light on hotel staff’s experiences of how prostitution and human trafficking exist within their workplaces. We examine this on the basis of the Swedish policy ‘Hotellkurage’ as a crime prevention method in the hotel environment in Northern Sweden. The policy is built on the idea of civil courage and aims to include both hotel staff and hotel guests. Thematic analysis was used to collect data and code it to themes describing similarities, differences and patterns in the data. The theoretical framework for this thesis is based on the routine activity theory, the bystander effect, the emotional labor theory, and the halo effect within stereotypes. By interviewing six informants with different work positions we discovered that it seems to be hard for the hotel staff to intervene based on their gut feeling in situations involving violence. We also found that there is an underlying expectation on hotel staff to have knowledge about handling situations of prostitution and/or human trafficking, and cope with their personal emotions through out emotional labor. The role conflict of being service-minded and intervene in situations involving prostitution or human trafficking are severe. The organizational conditions, response from the management and the cooperation with local police seem to be crucial in order to use methods based on civil courage in hotel staff’s working environment. Hotel staff should be more educated and encouraged to act upon their gut feeling in situations involving prostitution and human trafficking. Finally, the study finds that stereotypes of perpetrators in prostitution and human trafficking usually don’t add up to the stereotypical view of a perpetrator due to their often common apperance. Also, the victims of prostitution and human trafficking are viewed in a stereotypical way, which leads to a higher risk of other vulnerable social groups not to be discovered in the hotel environment.

<p>This thesis studies public service social workers' opinions regarding their ability to act with moral courage as loyalty conflicts occur. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the social workers' experiences of their possibilities to stand up for what they believe in. We made qualitative interviews with five social workers in Stockholm. In an effort to pinpoint their experiences we asked them questions about what they want but cannot do and what is stop-ping them, what they do not want to do and why, aswell as what the possible solutions would be as loyalty conflicts occur. We were able to identify five different opinions on the organisa-tional cultures and how the employees' experience the extent of their actions. The social workers agree that at the moment they are able to alert a manager should a loyalty conflict occur and neither would want to further complicate the situation by working slower.The ob-stacles for acting in a loyalty conflict is connected to the hierarchies and abuse of power and personal impediments like their own expectations and dejected opinions such as "nothing is going to change anyway". When the social worker chooses not to act it is often because of moral values.</p>

This thesis analyses the concept of hospitality in the context of migration ethics. The underlying philosophical ideas of Kant, Levinas and Derrida are outlined and critically discussed. The use of hospitality in migration ethics as mainly a concern within the political dimension of society, devalues the concept and neglects the social dimension of hospitality. I argue that migration ethics should be more concerned with integration and that it is more relevant to speak of hospitality in relation to integration rather than migration, since hospitality has to do with interpersonal interactions. In order to view hospitality in the social dimension of society, I present some cases of interpersonal hospitality practiced today. Drawing from those examples whilst using a virtue ethics approach, I consider three virtues that I deem to be prerequisites for hospitality: courage, humility and patience. Hospitality is a rich and multi-layered concept and practice. I conclude that one such layer is hospitality fostering integration. That is, hospitality functioning as social cohesion with a potential to bring different parts together as a whole.

An account of the nature of courage and how it figures in management decisions is developed on the basis of classical and contemporary literature in philosophy and management. The account contains seven elements, including obstacles and tools and a requirement for acting for good. The account is subject to a reality check using content analysis of articles in the business press in Australia, United Kingdom, United States and Hong Kong.