English classrooms in Sweden host students of mixed abilities, all entitled to adapted education. Despite this, English language teaching, unlike other subjects, primarily relies on course books, serving as both learning tools and syllabus references. However, previous research has highlighted shortcomings in these books, such as insufficient vocabulary exercises and gaps in alignment with the syllabus. Although research and the Swedish National Agency of Education advocate for less reliance on course books and more communicative teaching, many teachers still find them useful. This study aims to explore the extent to which these course books allow for differentiation, to meet the needs of all students. The study employed triangulation method, by mixing a content analysis of 15 course books and interviews with six English teachers. The investigation's primary conclusions are that there are not many opportunities for differentiation within the books, but teachers seem to make do with alternative resources, adapting the books tasks and giving students varying degrees of support. While some differentiation is possible within course books, it may not fully address the needs of students of mixed-ability classrooms. Therefore, it could be concluded that the current approach may be insufficient to ensure that every student's needs are met, potentially limiting their language acquisition opportunities.

<p>I detta examensarbete har jag granskat två läromedel ur ett genusperspektiv. Båda böckerna, A Piece of Cake 2 och Allez hop 8, riktar sig till elever som läser engelska och franska i grundskolans senare år. Frågan jag ställt mig är hur dessa båda böcker, i sin utformning, lyckas leva upp till de krav som styrdokumenten ställer på jämställdhet mellan män och kvinnor samt vilken som bäst lever upp till dessa krav.</p><p>Resultaten av min undersökning visar att båda läroböckerna till väldigt stor del är fast i en traditionell utformning där genusvariationer i yrke, fritid, hur man beskrivs samt familjemönster begränsas till förmån för en manlig norm. Böckerna reproducerar uppfattningen om att män och kvinnor lever i olika sfärer vilket förmedlar en bild av att män och kvinnor tillskrivs olika värde i en samhällshierarki där kvinnan inte har samma möjligheter som mannen.</p><p>Jag har även kommit fram till Allez hop är den bok där texter och bilder är mest nyanserade, som på ett bättre sätt luckrar upp de traditionella könsmönster som råder idag och som, med vissa delar av sitt innehåll, har stora möjligheter att skapa diskussion i språkklassen. Detta konstaterande väger dock inte upp mot det faktum att ovan nämnda läroböcker på intet sätt lever upp till kraven styrdokumenten ställer på jämställda läroböcker.</p> / <p>This study examines two text books from a gender perspective. Both books, A Piece of Cake 2 and Allez hop 8, address students who study English and French in secondary school. The focus is on the degree to which these books meet the curricular demands of promoting equality between men and women.</p><p>My findings show that both text books to a great extent are trapped in a traditional pattern where gender variations in areas such as occupations, interests and attributes are reduced and the male norm is privileged. The books also, to some extent, reproduce the image of the male and the female spheres, thus conveying and perpetuating the message that men and women are valued differently in a social hierarchy where women lack the same opportunities as men.</p><p>I have also reached the conclusion that Allez hop is the only book that contributes with gender varied texts and images that in some sense can reverse the traditional gender patterns of today and instead create a discussion in class. This last statement, however, does not make up for the fact that neither of these two course books meet the requirements of gender equality as stipulated in the national curriculum.</p>

I detta examensarbete har jag granskat två läromedel ur ett genusperspektiv. Båda böckerna, A Piece of Cake 2 och Allez hop 8, riktar sig till elever som läser engelska och franska i grundskolans senare år. Frågan jag ställt mig är hur dessa båda böcker, i sin utformning, lyckas leva upp till de krav som styrdokumenten ställer på jämställdhet mellan män och kvinnor samt vilken som bäst lever upp till dessa krav. Resultaten av min undersökning visar att båda läroböckerna till väldigt stor del är fast i en traditionell utformning där genusvariationer i yrke, fritid, hur man beskrivs samt familjemönster begränsas till förmån för en manlig norm. Böckerna reproducerar uppfattningen om att män och kvinnor lever i olika sfärer vilket förmedlar en bild av att män och kvinnor tillskrivs olika värde i en samhällshierarki där kvinnan inte har samma möjligheter som mannen. Jag har även kommit fram till Allez hop är den bok där texter och bilder är mest nyanserade, som på ett bättre sätt luckrar upp de traditionella könsmönster som råder idag och som, med vissa delar av sitt innehåll, har stora möjligheter att skapa diskussion i språkklassen. Detta konstaterande väger dock inte upp mot det faktum att ovan nämnda läroböcker på intet sätt lever upp till kraven styrdokumenten ställer på jämställda läroböcker. / This study examines two text books from a gender perspective. Both books, A Piece of Cake 2 and Allez hop 8, address students who study English and French in secondary school. The focus is on the degree to which these books meet the curricular demands of promoting equality between men and women. My findings show that both text books to a great extent are trapped in a traditional pattern where gender variations in areas such as occupations, interests and attributes are reduced and the male norm is privileged. The books also, to some extent, reproduce the image of the male and the female spheres, thus conveying and perpetuating the message that men and women are valued differently in a social hierarchy where women lack the same opportunities as men. I have also reached the conclusion that Allez hop is the only book that contributes with gender varied texts and images that in some sense can reverse the traditional gender patterns of today and instead create a discussion in class. This last statement, however, does not make up for the fact that neither of these two course books meet the requirements of gender equality as stipulated in the national curriculum.

Non-religious worldviews in the Religious Education classroom in Swedish upper secondary schools. What role does it play and how is the curriculum interpreted by writers of course books in Religious Education, these are questions that this study aims to answer. The study is an analysis of course books in RE to see how they portrait non-religious worldviews. Since the Swedish National Agency for Education has published a curriculum with areas that are problematically difficult to interpret. What place non-religious worldviews have in is one of these ambiguous areas. The study aims to answer the main question: How is non-religious worldviews portraited in course books for the upper secondary school course religious education and how is it compared to how religious worldviews are portraited. Ten course books are chosen and studied. The study shows that non-religious worldviews get very little space in the books and the main focus lays on religious worldviews, more specifically the ones more known as the world religions. This creates a problem since the education is supposed to be on the same terms and conditions for every pupil. If different course books have different content the education will not be the same depending on which book is chosen. A conclusion is drawn that the Swedish National Agency for Education should be clearer in their curriculum to avoid situations like this one.

This diploma thesis deals with speaking skills and their development for the purposes of the Maturita exam. It is divided into 6 chapters. The theoretical part deals with speaking as a skill, basic definitions of the Maturita exam and, more specifically, it gives a detailed overview and comparison of the Maturita oral performance and interactive skills at both levels. The practical part covers the analysis of three sets of books that are used during the English lessons in secondary education. Key words: Maturita exam, basic level, higher level, evaluation, course books

The diploma thesis "Interpersonal Multiple Intelligence and Its Development in B2 English Lessons" focuses on Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences with special emphasis on interpersonal multiple intelligence. The thesis consists of two main sections: theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part introduces the concept of intelligence, the theory of multiple intelligences and interpersonal intelligence. The practical part introduces the research that investigates whether, how and to what extent interpersonal intelligence is developed in B2 English lessons. It consists of two parts: the main part discusses the content analysis of two course books and the second part of the research - the questionnaire - complements findings of the content analysis.

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise baseada no confronto entre dois instrumentos: o livro didático para ensino de Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE) e o exame de proficiência Celpe-Bras. Tomamos como base a teoria bakhtiniana para analisar não só a composição dos livros e seus recursos didáticos, com foco nas atividades que promovem a leitura e a produção de textos, mas também a constituição do Exame Celpe-Bras como um gênero discursivo. Entendemos que a língua, como a materialização de enunciados individuais, elaborados a partir de uma finalidade específica, num determinado contexto social e de acordo com padrões composicionais definidos histórica e socialmente, deva ser ensinada a partir de amostras autênticas. Nosso principal objetivo é verificar se há convergências entre as propostas dos livros e as do exame, que se baseia num conjunto de tarefas a que os candidatos se submetem, a fim de comprovar sua competência comunicativa na língua-alvo. Considerando-se o efeito retroativo dos exames de alta relevância, nosso objetivo é verificar se esse efeito é observável nos livros que fazem parte do corpus desta pesquisa, para propor alterações que possam aproximar ambos os objetos, o de ensino e o avaliativo, com vistas a promover o aprimoramento constante das obras didáticas. Entendemos que essa atualização pode aproximar o aprendiz da realidade do falante nativo, capacitando-o para uma leitura discursiva que vá além da aquisição do vocabulário e de estruturas gramaticais. Nossa escolha pelo Exame se deve à crescente expansão do número de inscritos e de postos de aplicação do Celpe-Bras, o que nos faz avaliá-lo como um instrumento que colabora para o fortalecimento da identidade brasileira, que se dá pela representatividade da língua portuguesa ao redor do mundo. / This thesis results from a comparative analysis of two instruments: course books for teaching PLE and the Celpe-Bras proficiency exam. We have adopted the bakhtinian theory to analyze not only the composition of the books and their teaching resources, with a focus on activities that promote reading and writing, but also the features of Celpe-Bras as a discourse genre. We understand that language, as the embodiment of individual utterances to meet a specific purpose in a particular social context, according to conventions that have been historically and socially established, should be taught from authentic samples. Our main goal is to look for similarities between the proposals in the books and the exam, which is based on a set of tasks that test takers are required to complete in order to prove their communicative competence in the target language. Considering the washback effect of high-stakes exams, our goal is to check whether this effect can be perceived in the books that are part of the corpus in this research in order to recommend changes that might approximate teaching and evaluation goals, with a view to promoting continued improvements in course books. We understand that such updating can bring learners closer to the experience of native speakers, thus enabling them to read discourse in ways that go beyond the acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical structures. Our choice for the exam is due to the growing number of candidates and centers where Celpe-Bras can be taken, which makes us consider it a tool that contributes to the strengthening of the Brazilian identity, which results from the importance of the Portuguese language around the world.

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise baseada no confronto entre dois instrumentos: o livro didático para ensino de Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE) e o exame de proficiência Celpe-Bras. Tomamos como base a teoria bakhtiniana para analisar não só a composição dos livros e seus recursos didáticos, com foco nas atividades que promovem a leitura e a produção de textos, mas também a constituição do Exame Celpe-Bras como um gênero discursivo. Entendemos que a língua, como a materialização de enunciados individuais, elaborados a partir de uma finalidade específica, num determinado contexto social e de acordo com padrões composicionais definidos histórica e socialmente, deva ser ensinada a partir de amostras autênticas. Nosso principal objetivo é verificar se há convergências entre as propostas dos livros e as do exame, que se baseia num conjunto de tarefas a que os candidatos se submetem, a fim de comprovar sua competência comunicativa na língua-alvo. Considerando-se o efeito retroativo dos exames de alta relevância, nosso objetivo é verificar se esse efeito é observável nos livros que fazem parte do corpus desta pesquisa, para propor alterações que possam aproximar ambos os objetos, o de ensino e o avaliativo, com vistas a promover o aprimoramento constante das obras didáticas. Entendemos que essa atualização pode aproximar o aprendiz da realidade do falante nativo, capacitando-o para uma leitura discursiva que vá além da aquisição do vocabulário e de estruturas gramaticais. Nossa escolha pelo Exame se deve à crescente expansão do número de inscritos e de postos de aplicação do Celpe-Bras, o que nos faz avaliá-lo como um instrumento que colabora para o fortalecimento da identidade brasileira, que se dá pela representatividade da língua portuguesa ao redor do mundo. / This thesis results from a comparative analysis of two instruments: course books for teaching PLE and the Celpe-Bras proficiency exam. We have adopted the bakhtinian theory to analyze not only the composition of the books and their teaching resources, with a focus on activities that promote reading and writing, but also the features of Celpe-Bras as a discourse genre. We understand that language, as the embodiment of individual utterances to meet a specific purpose in a particular social context, according to conventions that have been historically and socially established, should be taught from authentic samples. Our main goal is to look for similarities between the proposals in the books and the exam, which is based on a set of tasks that test takers are required to complete in order to prove their communicative competence in the target language. Considering the washback effect of high-stakes exams, our goal is to check whether this effect can be perceived in the books that are part of the corpus in this research in order to recommend changes that might approximate teaching and evaluation goals, with a view to promoting continued improvements in course books. We understand that such updating can bring learners closer to the experience of native speakers, thus enabling them to read discourse in ways that go beyond the acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical structures. Our choice for the exam is due to the growing number of candidates and centers where Celpe-Bras can be taken, which makes us consider it a tool that contributes to the strengthening of the Brazilian identity, which results from the importance of the Portuguese language around the world.

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Grammatikundervisningens innehåll och metoder har kritiserats. Forskning har belyst att det finns ett glapp mellan teori och praktik när det kommer till synen på grammatik och grammatikundervisning. Språkvetenskapen förordar en deskriptiv grammatik och att grammatiken kopplas till sammanhang där den skapar betydelse medan praktiken återspeglar en preskriptiv och formfokuserad grammatik. Skolans undervisning ska bygga på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet (SFS 2010:800). Forskning kring grammatik bör därmed ligga till grund för grammatikundervisningen i skolan. Syftet med studien är att med stöd av Blooms reviderade taxonomi bidra med kunskap om relationen mellan synen på grammatik och grammatikanvändning i ämnesplanen för svenska på gymnasiet med fokus på Svenska 2 och synen i två nya läroböcker riktade mot kursen Svenska 2. De läroböcker som analyseras är Svenska 2 helt enkelt (Nilsson &amp; Winqvist, 2021) och Punkt. Svenska 2 (Helldén &amp; Svärd, 2021). Studiens frågeställningar är: Vilka kognitiva processer och kunskapsdimensioner lyfts i ämnesplanen och kursen Svenska 2? Vilka kognitiva processer och kunskapsdimensioner fokuserar grammatikövningar i läroböcker för Svenska 2? Hur ser relationen ut mellan de kognitiva processerna och kunskapsdimensionerna som lyfts i ämnesplanen och kursen Svenska 2 och de som fokuseras i läroböcker för Svenska 2? Genom kategoriseringen i Blooms reviderade taxonomi analyseras den syn på grammatik och grammatikanvändning som framträder. Resultatet visar att ämnesplanen återspeglar en funktionell syn på grammatik och grammatikanvändning som ligger i linje med språkvetenskapens syn på grammatik. Endast en av de undersökta läroböckerna återspeglar samma syn och uppvisar samstämmighet med ämnesplanen. Att synen på grammatik skiljer sig mellan läroböcker som tar sin utgångspunkt i samma ämnesplan utgör ett intressant resultat i studien. Slutsatsen som dras utifrån resultatet är att ämnesplanens funktionella ansats är otydlig och skapar utrymme för tolkningar som kan leda till ett fortsatt glapp mellan teori och praktik. / The content and methods of grammar teaching have been criticized. Research has highlighted that there is a gap between theory and practice when it comes to views on grammar and grammar teaching. Linguistics advocates descriptive grammar and linking it to contexts where it creates meaning, whereas practice reflects a prescriptive and form-focused grammar. School teaching should be based on science and proven experience (SFS 2010:800). Research on grammar should therefore form the basis for the teaching of grammar in schools. The purpose of the study is to use Bloom's revised taxonomy to contribute knowledge about the relationship between the view of grammar and grammar use in the syllabus for Swedish subject in upper secondary school with a focus on the course Swedish 2 and the view in two new course books for the course Swedish 2. The course books analyzed are Svenska 2 helt enkelt (Nilsson &amp; Winqvist, 2021) and Punkt. Svenska 2 (Helldén &amp; Svärd, 2021). The questions of the study are: Which cognitive processes and aspects of knowledge are highlighted in the syllabus for Swedish and the course Swedish 2? Which cognitive processes and aspects of knowledge do the grammar exercises in course books for Swedish 2 focus on? What is the relationship between these cognitive processes and aspects of knowledge as highlighted in the syllabus and the Swedish 2 course, and those which are focused on in the course books for Swedish 2? Through the categorization in Bloom’s revised taxonomy, the view of grammar and grammar use that emerges is analyzed. The results show that the syllabus reflects a functional view of grammar and grammar use which is in line with a linguistic view of grammar. Only one of the investigated course books reflects this same view and shows compliance with the syllabus. The fact that the view on grammar differs between course books which are based on the same syllabus is an interesting result of the study. The conclusion drawn from the results is that the functional approach of the syllabus is unclear and leaves room for interpretations that can lead to a continued gap between theory and practice.