Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual understanding of how blockchain could serve as an enabler for servitization in the automotive industry. In doing so, we are studying what value-creating mechanisms that are associated with blockchain and how mobility providers could apply these to drive business value, while also considering prerequisites in the ecosystem.  Method – The study adopted an abductive research approach by conducting a case study of a specific business environment with firms taking part in the ongoing transformation towards mobility services. In total, ten companies participated in the study where all were involved or had experience from the prevailing context. The data collection was performed via three waves of interviews and the results were derived through a reflexive thematic analysis. Findings – This study resulted in a conceptual framework illustrating how value-creating mechanisms of blockchain could drive business value for mobility providers. Three categories of value-creating mechanisms were identified: anchor points, configuration elements and inherent qualities. In turn, these mechanisms enabled a set of mobility solutions which then could generate certain business values. For this to become a reality, five ecosystem prerequisites were identified: technology convergence, appropriate permissions, common standards, change management and value management. Theoretical implications – The study provide implications to the nascent literature at the intersection of blockchain and servitization by contributing with empirical evidence for mobility solutions underpinned by blockchain and how these drive business value. Furthermore, we also add to the existing literature by providing a holistic conceptualization of how value-creating mechanisms interrelate to enable mobility solutions.  Practical implications – The study provide managers with a conceptual understanding of how six distinctive use-cases could be solved with blockchain. Moreover, by bridging the gap between business and the technology, we contribute to reducing the knowledge gap that exist among automotive managers in this area, while also providing them with prerequisites needed to deploy blockchain at scale in the ecosystem and reach its full potential.     Limitations and future research – The study is limited by a single case study in a specific context and also by focusing on conceptualization of blockchain-enabled servitization in early stages. Hence, future studies could benefit from extending and validating our findings in other contexts as well as investigating how certain solutions may be implemented in practice. / Syfte – Syftet med denna studie är att utveckla en konceptuell förståelse för hur blockchain kan fungera som en möjliggörare av tjänstefiering inom bilindustrin. I studien studeras vilka värdeskapande mekanismer som är förknippade med blockchain och hur mobilitetsleverantörer kan tillämpa dessa mekanismer för att skapa affärsnytta, samtidigt som nödvändiga förutsättningar i ekosystemet analyseras. Metod – Studien adopterade en abduktiv forskningsansats och utfördes genom en fallstudie av en specifik affärsmiljö med företag som deltar i den pågående omställningen mot mobilitetstjänster. Sammanlagt deltog tio företag i studien, där alla var involverade eller hade erfarenhet från den rådande kontexten. Datainsamlingen genomfördes via tre faser av intervjuer och resultaten härleddes genom en reflexiv tematisk analys. Resultat – Denna studie resulterade i ett konceptuellt ramverk som illustrerar hur värdeskapande mekanismer kopplat till blockchain kan skapa affärsnytta för mobilitetsleverantörer. Tre kategorier av värdeskapande mekanismer identifierades: förankringspunkter, konfigurationselement och inneboende egenskaper. I sin tur visades att dessa mekanismer kan möjliggöra en uppsättning mobilitetslösningar som genererar olika affärsvärden. Vidare kom studien fram till fem förutsättningar som krävs i ekosystemet för att realisera lösningarna vilka var teknisk konvergens, lämpliga behörigheter, gemensamma standarder, förändringsledning och värdehantering. Teoretiska implikationer – Studien tillhandahåller implikationer för den framväxande litteraturen i skärningspunkten av blockchain och tjänstefiering genom att bidra med empiriska bevis för mobilitetslösningar som stöds av blockchain och hur dessa driver affärsvärde. Vidare bidrar studien också till den befintliga litteraturen genom att tillhandahålla en holistisk konceptualisering för hur värdeskapande mekanismer samverkar för att möjliggöra mobilitetslösningar. Praktiska implikationer – Studien ger utövare en konceptuell förståelse för hur sex distinkta applikationer kan upprättas med hjälp av blockchain. Genom att brygga gapet mellan affären och teknologin bidrar vi till att minska den kunskapslucka som finns bland utövare, samtidigt som studien redogör för de förutsättningar som krävs för att kunna använda blockchain i stor skala i ekosystemet och uppnå dess fulla potential. Begränsningar och framtida forskning – Studien är begränsad av en specifik fallstudie i en viss kontext och även genom att fokusera på konceptualisering av tjänstefiering med blockchain i tidiga faser. Därför rekommenderas framtida studier att utvidga och validera resultaten i andra kontexter samt undersöka hur olika mobilitetslösningar kan implementeras i praktiken.

The purpose of this essay is that by interviewing experienced history teachers and analyzing their statements, make practical history-didactic insights visible about how history teaching can be conducted to initiate meaning-creating processes, and thus make the subject of history meaningful to students. The survey presented that history teachers primarily perceive that meaningful history teaching lies in being able to see and explain change processes. The importance of emphasizing change processes seems to be largely linked to the teachers' private perception of what can be perceived as meaningful. By creating meaning-creating processes for students, increased interest often emerges and thus lead to deeper knowledge of how something can be or be explained. Meaningfulness seems to be an emotional component. New questions are therefore raised about how much the history teacher's participation, the student base's epistemological perception of the subject of history, and the degree of freedom of interpretation regarding the curriculum can contribute to creating meaning for students, and whether it is possible to achieve equivalent history teaching depending on this context.

Denna studie täcker outforskade mark kring att komponera barnmusik och hur den kan användas i förskolansverksamhet. Syftet med studien är att ur ett musikdidaktiskt perspektiv undersöka och analysera barnmusikkompositörers tal om barnmusik och hur denna skulle kunna användas på förskolor. Vi använder Nielsens (1998) musikdidaktiska teori som en teoretisk grund. Elva kompositörer har intervjuats om skapandet av sin barnmusik, där bland annat deras syn på barnmusik lyfts fram. Resultatet av studien är att barnmusik är en mångfacetterad genre med många tankar och syften. De vetenskapliga, konstnärliga och hantverksaspekterna blir synliga i respondenternas uttalanden. Likaså de olika dimensionerna som musikundervisning kan grundas på. / This study covers unexplored land around composing children's music and how it can be used in the context of preschool. The purpose is to look in to and analyze, from a music didactic perspective, composers speak about children's music and how this could be adapted in preschools. We see Nielsen's (1998) didactic theory of music as a theoretical resource. Eleven composers have been interviewed about children's music where, among other things, their views on children's music are highlighted. The result of the study is that children's music is a multi-faceted genre with many thoughts and purposes. The scientific, artistic and craft-aspects become visible in the respondents' statements. Likewise the different dimensions on which music education can be founded.

In my dissertation, I study factors that affect the value-creating interactions between value producers and value consumers on two-sided platforms (e.g., Freelancer and Kickstarter). In the first essay, I study how bid price dispersion affects the value-creating interactions (i.e., contracting) between service providers (freelancers) and buyers in online labor markets. I find that bid price dispersion has a negative effect on buyers' offering a contract and service providers' tendency to accept the contract if offered one. I theorize that both service providers and buyers face uncertainty over price as to how much to charge or to pay for IT services and a higher bid price dispersion leads to higher uncertainty, and thus a lower contracting rate. In the second essay, I examine the role of the lottery in value-creating interactions (namely backings) in crowdfunding platforms. I find that the lottery, when designed as an option with a participation cost, decreases backers' average contribution and the total value created for a project, albeit it incentivizes more low-value interactions (i.e., more low-value backings). I theorize that the lottery, on the one hand, incentivizes low-value interactions that would otherwise not happen, but on the other hand, transforms high-value interactions into low-value interactions. In the third essay, I study the effect of backers' online identity concealment on the value-creating interactions (i.e., backings) in crowdfunding platforms. Contradictory to a common practice that crowdfunding platforms often maintain a public list of all backers’ identity information, assuming a positive observational learning effect among peer backers, the empirical results demonstrate with backers' online identity concealed completely, campaigns on average gain more backings and money as well as become more likely to succeed. And this effect is larger for donors-those back a campaign without receiving any reward-than for rewardees-those back the campaign for the reward. / Business Administration/Management Information Systems

Societies are plagued by growing healthcare expenditures and budgetary constraints. The strategy for solving the issue has been heavily debated, with proposed solutions such as Valuebased healthcare (VBHC), Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) and improved medical treatments. A novel concept that aims to improve medical treatment is strategic biobanking. Strategic biobanking is the act of saving biological samples and clinical data for future research. Access to strategic samples can speed up future clinical trials and studies, provide researchers with more useful research material, enable more thorough analyses of biomarkers, facilitate faster drug development, and increase the power of both retrospective analyses and precision medicine. This thesis studies the shared value effects of a strategic biobanking PPP by drawing on the theoretical fields of VBHC, PPP and Creating Shared Value (CSV). Specifically, the effects of hospital organisational structure, regulatory framework and public interest on strategic biobanking PPPs was studied. The research was carried out through a single holistic case study of Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden and multiple pharmaceutical companies, and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was carried out in accordance with the grounded theory framework. The researchers find that regulatory structure can limit the options when crafting the business model and the industry value proposition for a strategic biobanking PPP. Some strategies on how to deal with these restraints are outlined. Furthermore, the research highlights the importance of longitudinal data-sets and how a hospital organised according to the VBHC principles is more suitable for implementation of longitudinal sampling routines. Finally, the research shows that that the concept of CSV can act as guidance for private partner decision making to increase public interest. By adopting principles of transparency regarding financial incentives and motivations, an industry partner can garner increased trust with the general public as well as their public partner. The shared value effects are pronounced, and the study finds that a strategic biobanking PPP moves the boundary for what is scientifically possible for all stakeholders in the healthcare domain. / Samhällen plågas av skenande sjukvårdskostnader och budgetåtstramningar. Vilken strategi som kan lösa problemet har debatterats flitigt. Lösningar så som Value-based Healthcare (VBHC), Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) och mer avancerad vård har alla föreslagits som alternativ. Ett nytt koncept som ämnar att förbättra sjukvården är strategisk biobankning. Strategisk biobankning innebär att spara biologiska prover och klinisk data inför framtiden. Detta kan snabba på framtida kliniska prövningar och studier, förse forskare med mer användbart forskningsmaterial, möjliggöra mer grundliga analyser av biomarkörer, snabbare utveckling av mediciner, samt öka potensen hos både retrospektiva studier och precision medicine. Denna uppsats studerar gemensamma värdeeffekter hos ett PPP inom strategisk biobanking genom att använda sig av de teoretiska fälten VBHC, PPP och Creating Shared Value (CSV). Mer specifikt studeras hur PPP inom strategisk biobankning påverkas av sjukhusets organisationsstruktur, rådande regelverk och allmänintresse. Forskningen utfördes genom en enkel, holistisk, fallstudie av Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Stockholm, Sverige. Data samlades genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer och analyserades senare enligt ramverket för Grounded Theory. Forskarna finner även att rådande regelverk begränsar möjligheten för utveckling av affärsmodell och värdeerbjudande gentemot privata partners. Några strategier för att hantera dessa begränsningar tas upp i uppsatsen. Vidare belyses vikten av longitudinella dataset, och att ett sjukhus vars organisation är strukturerad enligt VBHC-principer är mer lämpligt för implementation av longitudinell provsamling. Slutligen finner forskarna att privata CSV-conceptet utgör bra vägledning för privata partners för att skapa allmänintresse. Genom att anamma principer som premierar transparans gentemot sina ekonomiska och strategiska incitament så kan förtroende byggas gentemot allmänheten. De gemensamma värdeeffekterna är tydliga, och forskarna finner att tillgång till en strategisk biobank flyttar gränsen för vad som är vetenskapligt möjligt för alla aktörer i det sjukvårdsrelaterade ekosystemet.

Beyond the binary borders of sex-A LITTERATURE STUDY ABOUT TRANSGENDER THEORY AND ITS POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTION TO A SOCIAL WORK CONTEXT.GERGANA TOSEVAKARIN SELINA thesis in Social work studies (15 credits) at Malmö University, Hälsa och Samhälle 2012.The discussion about sex and gender is always prominent in a social work context. Our purpose and questions are hence based on the discussion on transgender theory and the way of thinking about the non-binary, and how it relates to the nearby theories. The method of the essay consists of a semi systematic literature overview with the focus on discussing transgender theory in relation to other theories and perspectives, such as modernism, post modernism, feminism and queer theory. We answer the following questions:1.Is it possible to go beyond or exceed the binary of sex and if so, how do we see it in the material we examined?2.In what way are the existing theories of sex / gender in the binary?3.Can one featuring a female embodied subject be of assistance to transgender people's search for an embodied subject?We consider it possible to move beyond the binary by using “fuzzy logic”(Nagoshi & Brzuzy 2010, Tauchert 2002) which is a way of staying in the binary but expanding the term and work in the grey areas instead. Furthermore do we believe a female embodied subject can be of great importance to the transgender people because that is the other half of the issue of equality.

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted many Swedish businesses to reconsider their survival techniques and the support they offer to societies in which they operate. The purpose of this study is to examine the COVID -19 responses practiced by four Swedish Companies (Essity, Volvo Group, ICA Gruppen, and Autoliv) to see what entrepreneurs can learn in the event of another pandemic. Furthermore, the study explores the different ways in which CSV and competitive advantage may be attained using the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative study based on secondary data analyzing information from company homepages, and annual and sustainability reports for the years 2020 and 2021 are the only ones used to provide systematic and comprehensive insights. The theoretical framework includes Archie Carroll’s pyramid which includes the legal, ethical, economic, and philanthropic responsibilities of the organization towards society, the stakeholder theory as well as the concept of creating Value Creation. The results show that Essity, Volvo Group, ICA Gruppen, and Autoliv responded differently to COVID-19 through philanthropic activities, commitment to ethical goals, upholding legal requirements, and maintaining business operations. And the ways in which they can contribute to value creation through these responses include enhanced employee relations, customer relations, innovation, collaborations, and government regulatory compliance. The study revealed that solving societal challenges is integral to guaranteeing that the organization can obtain an economic benefit for a long-term sustainability. When dealing with society in times of uncertainty, entrepreneurial innovations can be a source of future competitive advantage.

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