The offence of dangerous threatening pursuant to Section 353 of the Criminal Code Abstract This master thesis focuses on the detailed analysis and description of the criminal offence of dangerous threatening with the goal to evaluate the current legal regulation of this criminal offence. For this purpose, Czech and foreign sources were used. This master thesis is divided into five parts. The first part describes individual regulations which amended the criminal offence of dangerous threatening up to the present. In the second part, the misdemeanour of dangerous threatening is categorised from the point of view of seriousness and systematic nature of the Criminal Code. In addition, the specific features of the merits of the criminal offence are described with the focus on the possibility to raise legitimate concern. Last but not least, the individual terms which are included into the basic and qualified merit of the criminal offence are described. The third part is dedicated to the description of individual types of criminal penalties which can be imposed for the misdemeanour of dangerous threatening on adults, minors and legal entities. The main focus of this part is on the evaluation of the effectiveness of imposing individual penalties. In addition, the specific ways of expiration of the criminal...

En France, la réalité des crimes en série et plus particulièrement des meurtres en série a trop longtemps été minorée, voire niée. Même si elle est quantitativement peu élevée, la commission de meurtres sériels sur notre territoire est pourtant indéniable. Il serait donc logique que le droit pénal français, qui commence à s'intéresser à ces actes, en donne enfin une véritable qualification pénale. En sa qualité de tueur à victimes multiples criminologiquement singulier, le tueur en série mérite une appréhension juridique adaptée. Tout d'abord, l'acte de donner la mort doit recevoir une qualification pénale adéquate. Puis, la répétition de cet acte doit être prise en compte. Or, la série va apparaître comme un mode particulier de commission de plusieurs infractions. En effet, la série représente un nouveau cas de pluralité d'infractions. Dès lors, une définition juridique en sera proposée dans cette étude. De plus, les éventuelles répercussions d'une telle définition sur la procédure et la sanction pénales seront envisagées. / In France, the reality of serial crimes and more specifically serial murders has been minimized and even denied for a very long time. Even if serial crimes represent quite a small proportion, they do undeniably occur in our country. It should be logical that French criminal law starts to pay attention to these acts and finally gives them a real legal definition. As a singular criminal in criminology, a murderer of multiple victims deserves an appropriate apprehension. First of all, the act of giving someone death has to be correctly characterized. Then, the repetition of this act has to be taken into account. The series will appear as a new particular way of committing multiple crimes. Indeed, it actually represents a new category in plurality of offences. Thus, we propose in this essay to give it a legal definition. Moreover, the potential repercussions of such definition on criminal procedure and penalty will be envisaged.

The purpose of this study is to verify if the implantation of the judicial hearing of custody in Brazil represents the beginning of a civilizing and humanizing process of the criminal justice system, in so far as it translates into an instrument of criminal policy to combat the culture of the normality of violence in the act of imprisonment. For that, a historical-evolutionary clipping is made on the practice of torture, in search of a conceptual delimitation of this phenomenon that has a significant conceptual variation. Next step, a correlation is drawn between the custody hearing and the constitutional fundamental rights and guarantees of the detainee in flagrant offence, specifically, as regards the violation of the detainee's physical and moral integrity. In this historical and normative hermeneutic north, from a re-reading of the Arendtian concept of banality of evil, it is investigated whether the custodial audience would be a prelude to overcoming the normality of the inhumanity, the naturalization (banalization) of violence in the act of imprisonment in flagrant offence. / O presente trabalho tem como finalidade verificar se a implantação da audiência judicial de custódia no Brasil representa o início de um processo civilizatório e humanizador do sistema de justiça criminal, na medida em que se traduz em um instrumento de política criminal de combate à cultura da normalidade da violência no ato de prisão. Faz-se, para tanto, um recorte histórico-evolutivo sobre a prática da tortura, em busca de uma delimitação conceitual desse fenômeno que possui uma variação conceitual significativa. Ato contínuo, esboça-se uma correlação entre a audiência de custódia e os direitos e garantias fundamentais constitucionais do preso em flagrante delito, especificamente, no que tange à violação da integridade física e moral do detento. Nesse norte hermenêutico histórico-normativo, a partir de uma releitura do conceito arendtiano de banalidade do mal, investiga-se se a audiência de custódia seria um prelúdio da superação da normalidade do desumano, da naturalização (banalização) da violência no ato de prisão em flagrante delito.

RÉSUMELe Mali étant une ancienne colonie française, il y a de fortes ressemblances entre les deux droits au niveau de la définition de sanctions applicables notamment la requalification du contrat de travail, la nullité du contrat de travail. Mais l'application des sanctions dans ces deux pays ne se fait pas de la même manière. Cela s'explique par des raisons sociales, culturelles et économiques. Pour illustrer les points de convergences et de divergences entre ces deux législations, il nous a été nécessaire d'analyser les sanctions civiles, administratives et pénales dans les deux pays sur la base de l'étude en entier du droit du travail français d'avant la réforme de la loi du 13 juillet 1973 portant sur le contrôle de la cause réelle et sérieuse du licenciement jusqu'à nos jours notamment la loi du 28 juin 2008 sur la modernisation du marché du travail avec l'exemple de l'article L.1237-11 portant la rupture conventionnelle du contrat de travailDe cette comparaison, il m'a paru pertinent de faire des suggestions pour améliorer le droit du travail malien à l'image du droit français tout en l'adaptant l'avant projet unique de l'O.H.A.D.A sur le droit du travail africain à cause du développement du marché économique et social du monde et de la place qu'y occupe en Afrique de l'Ouest. Par ce que notre code du travail date de 1992 et que depuis cette date aucune reforme importante n'a été opérée. / The punishment in labor lawSUMMARYMy thesis relates to the study of the right Malian compared to the law the labour French. Mali being an old French colony, there are strong resemblances between the two rights to the level of the definition of applicable sanctions. But the application of the sanctions in these two countries is not made same manner. That is explained for corporate names, cultural and economic. To illustrate the points of convergences and divergences between these two rights, it was necessary to us to analyze the civil sanctions, administrative and penal in the two countries on the basis of in entirety of the law the labour French of before the reform of the law of bearing 13 July 1973 on the control of the real and serious cause of the dismissal until our days in particular the law of June 28 2008 studies on the modernization of the labour market with the example of the article L 1237-11 bearing conventional rupture of the contract of employmentOf this comparison, it appeared relevant to me to make suggestions to improve the law the labour Malian to the image of the French right all while adapting it preparatory project single of the O.H.A.D.A on the law the labour African because of the development of the economic and social market of the world and the place that y occupies in West Africa. By what our fair labor standards act goes back to 1992 and which since this date no reforms significant was not operated.

L’habitude est un concept connu de nombreuses disciplines telles que la philosophie ou la psychologie. Si le droit ne fait pas figure d’exception, la fonction répressive du droit pénal confère à l’habitude un sens particulier en sanctionnant l’habitude pénale.Loin d’assimiler l’habitude pénale à l’habitude criminelle, la thèse en retient une conception purement juridique et objective, détachée de toute référence à la dangerosité du délinquant. L’étude, résolument technique, propose, à partir de cinq institutions (infraction d’habitude, circonstance aggravante d’habitude, récidive, réitération d’infractions et concours réel d’infractions) une notion unitaire de l’habitude pénale et une répression adaptée à la criminalité particulière du délinquant d’habitude. L’habitude est alors définie comme un ensemble de comportements répétés unis par un lien juridique consistant principalement en un lien d’analogie et un lien temporel. Cette notion a permis de déduire une répression de l’habitude adaptée à son particularisme. Ainsi, son régime juridique est influencé par sa double structure, matériellement plurale et juridiquement unitaire, de même que sa sanction est influencée par le lien unissant les comportements.En puisant des exemples de comparaison dans les législations pénales étrangères et au sein du droit privé français, l’étude permet également de mettre en évidence les atouts et les faiblesses du droit pénal français dans l’appréhension de l’habitude pénale. / Habit is a concept known by many disciplines such as philosophy or psychology. If Law is not an exception, the repressive function of criminal Law gives to the habit a specific sense by punishing penal habits.Far from assimilating penal habit and criminal habit, the thesis holds a purely legal and objective conception, disconnected from references to the offender’s dangerosity. The study, resolutely technical, suggests, from five legal institutions (habitual offence, habit as an aggravating circumstance, subsequent offence, repetition of offences and combination of offences) a unitary notion of the habit in criminal Law and a better adapted repression to the habitual offender’s specific criminality.Penal habit is defined as repeated behaviours joined by a legal link, mainly analogical and temporal. This notion allows a repression of habit adapted to its specific characteristics. Thus, the legal repression is influenced by its double pattern, physically plural and legally unitary. In the same way, punishment is influenced by the link joining behaviours.Taking examples from comparing foreign criminal legislations as well as private French law, this study emphasizes assets and weaknesses of the criminal law approach of habit.