nÃo hà / Uma das grandes necessidades das empresas atualmente à o estabelecimento de uma sistemÃtica que permita a melhoria contÃnua dos produtos, aumento da produtividade e reduÃÃo de custos, no sentido de se manterem competitivas no mercado globalizado. Esses objetivos podem ser alcanÃados, por exemplo, pela GestÃo da Qualidade Total (GQT). Um aspecto importante a ser investigado nessa abordagem à a contribuiÃÃo que tÃm os fatores crÃticos de sucesso nos resultados da qualidade e na sua implantaÃÃo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho à aplicar um modelo de regressÃo linear mÃltipla na avaliaÃÃo do nÃvel de importÃncia dos fatores crÃticos da GQT na indÃstria de transformaÃÃo de portes mÃdio e grande sediadas no Estado do CearÃ. A base de dados vem dos estudos realizados por Alexandre (1999), Bosi (2010), Oliveira (2010) e Rodrigues (2010), ou seja, trata-se de uma pesquisa secundÃria. A metodologia de pesquisa para a coleta de dados, aplicada por estes autores, teve por base a realizaÃÃo de pesquisa quantitativa abrangendo esse universo em dois momentos (1999 e 2010), por meio de um questionÃrio estruturado com a utilizaÃÃo da escala de Likert em 5 categorias. No primeiro momento, a pesquisa realizada por Alexandre (1999) abrangeu o universo de 75 empresas e radiografou o estÃgio das prÃticas da GQT neste setor. Uma anÃlise comparativa com as prÃticas aplicadas em regiÃes desenvolvidas propÃs algumas intervenÃÃes na tentativa de auxiliar a aplicaÃÃo da GQT nas indÃstrias manufatureiras do estado do CearÃ. Os trabalhos seguintes, cujos dados foram levantados conjuntamente por Bosi (2010), que aplicou a Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI), para modelos dicotÃmicos, para o estudo da GQT e sua evoluÃÃo; Oliveira (2010), que aplicou o Modelo LogÃstico de Resposta Gradual da TRI e Rodrigues (2010a), que aplicou a AnÃlise Fatorial e Cluster para investigar os principais aspectos da evoluÃÃo da GQT nessas indÃstrias, estes abrangeram o universo de 91 empresas. Os questionÃrios aplicados foram semelhantes, contudo, foram inseridas, no questionÃrio de 2010, questÃes de GestÃo ambiental, GestÃo de SeguranÃa e Ãtica e Responsabilidade Social. Por meio do mÃtodo de seleÃÃo de variÃveis stepwise, sÃo selecionados fatores crÃticos de sucesso da GQT que apresentam maior impacto nos resultados da qualidade, e os coeficientes destes fatores correspondem aos seus pesos. Dentre outros resultados, este estudo revela que os fatores mudaram significativamente de 1999 para 2010, bem como seus nÃveis de importÃncia. Em 1999, apenas mensuraÃÃo da qualidade e metrologia foram listados como relevantes para os resultados da qualidade pelo modelo de regressÃo linear mÃltipla. Jà em 2010, apenas foco no consumidor, parceria com fornecedor, mensuraÃÃo da qualidade e gestÃo de seguranÃa foram listados como relevantes. Com relaÃÃo ao uso de programas de qualidade, o nÃmero de empresas que utilizam a GQT cresceu 50% neste perÃodo, e o nÃmero de empresas que utilizam ISO 9000 cresceu 156%, o que aponta para uma preocupaÃÃo importante das empresas para uso de programas de qualidade. / One of the major requirements of companies today is to establish a system that allows continuous improvement of products, increase productivity and reduce costs in order to keep them competitive in the global market. These goals can be achieved, for example, by Total Quality Management (TQM). An important point to be investigated with this approach is the contribution that critical success factors have in the quality results and in its implementation. In this context, the objective of this work is to apply a Multiple Linear Regression Model assessment in the importance level of TQM critical factors in manufacturing of medium and large based in the state of CearÃ. The database comes from studies by Alexander (1999), Bosi (2010), Oliveira (2010) and Roberts (2010), meaning that this work is a secondary search. The research methodology for data collection, applied by these authors, was based on the achievement of quantitative research covering this universe on two occasions (1999 and 2010), by a structured questionnaire using Likert scale in five categories. At first, the research conducted by Alexander (1999) covered the universe of 75 companies, Radiograph stage of TQM practices in this industry, a comparative analysis with the practices followed in developed regions, some interventions proposed in an attempt to assist the implementation of TQM in manufacturing industries in the state of CearÃ, the following works, whose data were collected by Bosi (2010), Oliveira (2010) and Rodrigues (2010), covered the universe of 91 companies. The questionnaires in 2010 were similar to those used in 1999, but were inserted questions about Environmental Management, Security Management and Ethics and Social Responsibility. Using the method of stepwise variable selection, we selected the critical success factors of TQM with the highest impact on quality results, whose regression coefficients correspond to their weights. Among other results, this study reveals that the factors changed significantly from 1999 to 2010 as well as their levels of importance. In 1999, only quality measurement and metrology are listed as relevant to quality results by multiple linear regression models. In 2010, only customer focuses, supplier partnership, measurements of quality and safety management were listed as relevant. Regarding to the use of quality programs, the number of companies using TQM grew 50% in 2010, and the number of companies using ISO 9000 grew 156%, which points to an important concern for companiesâ use of quality programs.

O Laboratório de Integração e Testes (LIT) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) é composto por um complexo de laboratórios que atende às necessidades do Programa Espacial Brasileiro. Devido às suas facilidades singulares, o LIT atua também no suporte à indústria brasileira, oferecendo serviços metrológicos e de ensaios para homologação e desenvolvimento de uma infinidade de produtos. Diante deste ambiente de competitividade e complexidade, onde os níveis de exigência são cada vez maiores, torna-se imprescindível que laboratórios desta natureza busquem implementar um Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ), de acordo com a norma NBR ISO/IEC 17025. Essa norma é utilizada pelo Instituto de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO), para a acreditação de Laboratórios de Ensaios e Calibração. Na implementação de um SGQ em órgãos públicos, fatores como a lentidão e a burocracia, afetam as mudanças necessárias na organização, para a solução de necessidades técnicas, de infraestrutura e de recursos humanos. Esse problema depende da fase e das peculiaridades das diversas variáveis envolvidas na implementação do SGQ de cada instituição. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo de caso, com o objetivo de identificar, descrever e analisar os fatores críticos da implementação do SGQ, no Laboratório de Ensaios Elétricos e Magnéticos do INPE/LIT. Em decorrência desse estudo, obteve-se um diagnóstico das mudanças organizacionais ocorridas neste laboratório e os fatores críticos restritores e facilitadores do sistema. A metodologia adotada na pesquisa teve uma abordagem descritiva de caráter exploratório, com enfoque qualitativo e com base no método de estudo de caso. Um dos instrumentos de pesquisa foi a coleta de dados por meio de questionário semi-estruturado, o que permitiu melhor entendimento do universo pesquisado. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o ambiente externo é um fator preponderante nas atividades realizadas pelo Laboratório, o que torna a tarefa de gerenciamento muito mais desafiadora. O impacto das barreiras emergentes, identificadas na pesquisa, coloca em risco o andamento das atividades de prestação de serviço de ensaios, tanto para a área espacial, quanto industrial. / The Integration and Testing Laboratory (LIT) of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) is composed by a complex of laboratories that meets the needs of the Brazilian Space Program. Due to unique facilities, the LIT also supports the Brazilian industry, providing metrological services and testing for homologation and development of a multitude of products. In this complex and competitive environment, where demand levels are increasing, it is essential that such laboratories implement a management system (QMS) in accordance with standard ISO/IEC 17025. This standard is used by the Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality (INMETRO), for the accreditation of testing and calibration laboratories. In the implementation of a QMS in government agencies, factors such as delays and bureaucracy, affect the changes required in the organization, for the solution of technical, infrastructure and human resources. This problem depends on the stage and the peculiarities of the different variables involved in the implementation of QMS at each institution. In this work a case study was performed in order to identify, describe and analyze the critical factors of implementation of the QMS, at the Testing Laboratory Electric and Magnetic INPE/LIT. As a result of this study it was obtained a diagnosis of organizational changes that occurred in this Laboratory and the restrictors and facilitators critical factors of the system. The methodology adopted was focused on the research of a descriptive approach of exploratory nature, qualitative approach, based on the case study method. One of the research instruments was the data collected by means of a semi-structured questionnaire, which allowed better understanding of the universe surveyed. The results of this survey showed that the external environment is a major factor in the activities developed by the Laboratory, which makes the management task much more challenging. The impact of the emergent barriers identified in this research, puts at risk the progress of service activities for both the space sector and the private organizations.

A globalização, a conseqüente abertura da economia mundial e os mercados cada vez mais exigentes provocam nas organizações uma constante busca por soluções inovadoras no sentido de aperfeiçoarem todos os seus processos produtivos. Os cinco objetivos de desempenho da manufatura são fundamentais para que as empresas permaneçam competitivas no mercado atual: qualidade, flexibilidade, velocidade, confiabilidade e custo. O processo de gestão da produção é responsável pelo planejamento de todas as atividades de produção em empresas de manufatura. Quando bem administrada a gestão da produção pode gerar para as empresas grande vantagem competitiva. A administração da produção é feita basicamente por tomadas de decisões baseadas em dados históricos e variáveis ligadas aos processos de manufatura, amparados pelos Sistemas de Administração da Produção existentes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um método para a escolha eficaz de um Sistema de Administração da Produção adequado à estratégia da organização. O método proposto foi aplicado em uma empresa de manufatura do setor aeronáutico. Por meio da sua aplicação, foram estabelecidos os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso da Manufatura, realizando-se um desdobramento a partir dos Objetivos Estratégicos da Manufatura, possibilitando a escolha da composição do Sistema de Administração da Produção mais apropriado à estratégia da empresa. / The globalization, the consequent opening of the world economy and the markets more and more demanding they provoke in the organizations a constant looks for innovating solutions in the sense of they improve all their productive processes. The five objectives of acting of the manufacture are fundamental for the companies to stay competitive in the current market: quality, flexibility, speed, reliability and cost. The production process administration is responsible for the planning of all of the production activities in manufacturing companies and if it well administrated it can provide a great competitive advantage. The production administration consists in taken decisions based in historical data and linked variables to the manufacturing processes, supported by the Administration Production Systems. This work has as objective presents a method for the effective choice of a Administration Production System adapted to the strategy of the organization. The proposed method was applied in a company of manufacturing of the aeronautical section. Through their application, they were established the Critical Factors of Success of the Manufacturing, taking place an unfolding starting from the Strategic Objectives of the Manufacturing, making possible the choice of the composition of the Administration System of the most appropriate Production to the strategy of the company.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAPiTULO 1.pdf: 173170 bytes, checksum: 0870a0dee1d35604d39e39a3d4d077e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-16 / As transformações ocorridas nos últimos anos têm provocado inovações de ordem empresarial e organizacional, com novas formas de atuação das empresas. Nos dias de hoje, muito se discute a respeito da atuação das empresas de forma conjunta e associada, principalmente para as micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) se tornou prática fundamental para o sucesso. Dessa forma, os conceitos de redes empresariais, como aglomerados produtivos, constituem-se em importante fonte de competitividade que demanda a mobilização de todos os segmentos da sociedade. Parte-se então do pressuposto de que a constituição de arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) fornece elementos que podem resultar na solução dos gargalos existentes. No Espírito Santo são verificadas algumas formações industriais que vêm sendo referência para a caracterização de possíveis APLs organizados. Estudar tais formações, fornecendo informações relevantes e identificando suas condições de competitividade sistêmica contribui para o maior conhecimento e no direcionamento de políticas de desenvolvimento. O Índice de Condições de Competitividade (ICC) buscou refletir características dos APLs selecionados, com o objetivo de diagnosticar as condições de competitividade de cada um deles utilizando, para isso, um conjunto de Fatores Críticos de Sucesso. / The occured transformations in recent years have provoked innovations in the orders enterprise and organizacional, with new forms of performance of the companies. Nowadays, much argues regarding the performance of the companies of joint form and associate, mainly for the micron and small companies if became practical basic for the success. Of this form, the concepts of enterprise ne ts, as productive accumulations, consist in important source of competitiveness that demand the mobilization of all the segments of the society. The hypothesis is that the constitution of local productive arrangements (LPAs) supplies elements that can result in the solution of the existing deficiencies. In the Espírito Santo some industrial formations are verified that come being reference for the characterization of possible LPAs organized. To study such formations, supplying excellent information and identifying its conditions of competitiveness contributes for the biggest knowledge and in the aiming of development politics. The Index of Conditions of Competitiveness (ICC) searched to reflect characteristics of the LPAs selected, with the objective to diagnosis the conditions of competitiveness of each one of them using, for this, a set of Critical Factors of Success.

The thesis deals with the issue of the implementation of the corporate information system of the ERP category, specifically the introduction of the module of APO for SAP in the chosen manufacturing company. The work presents the theoretical fundamentals describing the basics of ERP along with available methodologies, the implementation of these systems. Also analyzes the frequent causes of delayed implementation projects and provides the basis for the search for the causes of the problems. In the next section it is made an overall analysis of the current state of the ERP system in the company. At the conclusion of this work are defined recommendations, which can be prevented critical factors and implementation could be completed according to the established timetable.

Thesis deals with design and integration of enterprise information system in a manufacturing company. Main part of this work is to design a detailed plan of implementation including identification of critical factors and ensure the prerequisites for system operation. The outcome of this work is to create the asset for both sides of contractual relationship.

Syfte – Syftet med studien är att skapa ett underlag för små företag som ska implementera ISO 14001, genom att undersöka och identifiera kritiska faktorer samt lösningar för att överkomma dessa. Resultatet av studien kommer sedan användas för att skapa ett ramverk till små företag när de implementerar miljöledningssystemet ISO 14001:2015. Metod – För att nå studiens syfte, har en litteratursökning utförts för att etablera ett teoretiskt ramverk. Syftet med detta var att identifiera kritiska faktorer när en implementering av ISO 14001:2015 utförs. En fallstudie har även utförts på ett tillverkande företag för att kunna samla in empiriska data. Metoderna som har använts i studien är intervjuer, enkäter och observationer. Den empiriska data och det teoretiska ramverket jämfördes och analyserades för att svara på studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Resultat – I det teoretiska ramverket och fallstudien, identifierades fem kritiska faktorer; kunskap och kompetens, involvering av anställda, resurser, identifiering av miljömål och företagets miljöpåverkan och företagskultur. Engagemanget från ledningen på företaget identifierades även som en kritisk faktor, men var starkt kopplat till kunskap och kompetens. Faktorn valdes därför att inkluderas i kunskap och kompetens. För att överkomma dessa, identifierades lösningar till dem kritiska faktorerna. Resultatet av lösningarna var att alla kritiska faktorer har en stark korrelation med varandra och att lösningarna var liknande. Träning och utbildning av dem anställda var en nyckel-lösning för att lösa dem kritiska faktorerna. Implikationer – Studien kan användas som ett ramverk och bidra som underlag till små företag som vill implementera ISO 14001:2015. Studien har identifierat kritiska faktorer vid implementeringen och hur man överkommer dessa, oavsett vilken bransch som företagen arbetar i, vilket gör att studien kan användas av olika typer av företag. Begränsningar – Eftersom restriktionerna som samhället har satt på grund av COVID19 pandemin, har antalet observationer och intervjuer blivit begränsade. Detta har vidare påverkat trovärdigheten på studien negativt. Fler observationer och intervjuer hade gett ett mer trovärdigt resultat. / Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine and identify critical factors as well as solutions to overcome these. The results will then be used to create a framework for small businessesto use when implementing the environmental management system ISO 14001:2015. Method – To reach the purpose of this study, a literature review has been conducted in order to establish a theoretical framework. The purpose of the theoretical frameworks was to identify critical factors when implementing ISO 14001:2015. A case study has also been conducted on a manufacturing company in order to collect empirical data. The methods used in the case study were interviews, surveys and observations. The empirical data and the theoretical framework were later compared and analysed to answer the study’s purpose and research questions. Findings – In the theoretical framework and the case study, five critical factors were identified: knowledge and competence, involvement of employees, resources, identifying environmental goals and the company’s environmental impact and corporate culture. The commitment of the senior management was also identified as a critical factor, but was strongly related to knowledge and competence, and therefore it was included in that critical factor. To overcome the critical factors, solutions to each critical factor was identified. With all the solutions identified, it was concluded that all the critical factors are strongly related. Furthermore, the solutions to overcome the critical factors were similar, where training and education of employees was a key solution to overcome the critical factors. Implications – The study can be used as a framework and provide help for small business that want to implement ISO 14001:2015. The study has identified critical factors in the implementation and how to overcome these, regardless of the area that companies work within and can therefore be used by different types of companies. Limitations – Because of the restrictions in the society following the COVID-19 pandemic, the amount of observations and interviews that should have been conducted was limited and therefore the credibility of the study was affected in a negative way. More observations and interviews would have given a more credibly result.

Corporate Governance (CG) nowadays is on the agenda of most developed and developing countries, including Jordan, and is receiving considerable attention in the business world as well as in the area of academic research, which is an indication of its importance for business development and society as a whole. The knowledge base about CG in developing countries appears to be limited, but it is growing in size and importance. This study therefore aims to investigate current CG practices and barriers to the development of good CG practices in firms. In order to accomplish the research objectives, a mixed research methodology was adopted. The findings of the study contribute to knowledge by providing empirical data to test and extend the theory of CG. The results suggest that most big and old firms are applying best practice of good CG. Regarding factors inhibiting the practice of effective CG, the results indicate that weakness of the legal environment for firms and lack of knowledge of BODs about CG principles are the most important factors. The empirical results find that constitution, compliance and conscience will affect firm’s performance positively. Separation between the position of CEO and Chairman, the existence of independent NEDs, the use of board subcommittees and a strong disclosure regime also help firms to improve performance. On the basis of the empirical results, the study recommends that the government needs to reform the relevant legislation. These suggestions may strengthen the internal governance of firms, thereby increasing performance and maximise shareholders’ wealth.

The financial services division has been significantly impacted by the emergence of mobile payments, which can be attributed to the fast progressions in mobile technology and the widespread adoption of smartphones. The present research investigates critical factors prompting the adoption of mobile payment services in developed and developing countries, namely Sweden, Estonia, Germany, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. This research aims to explain the resemblances and gaps in the adoption of mobile payments in developed and developing nations. The detailed analysis of the related past studies has identified organization, trust and security, financial inclusion, consumer preferences, and government support as the primary determinants that impact mobile payment adoption. The present investigation is based on the Technology Acceptance Model, including the extended model of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2. Developed economies such as Sweden, Estonia, and Germany have the infrastructure to implement mobile payment alternatives effectively. The widespread adoption of mobile payments in these countries can be recognized by several factors, such as governmental initiatives that promote digitalization, a well-established financial framework, and consumer knowledge of various payment modalities. While implementing mobile payment services in developing nations like Pakistan and Sri Lanka presents distinctive obstacles. A significant portion of the general public lacks access to banking services, insufficient digital infrastructure, and reduced trust in technology exists. The anticipated surge in mobile payment adoption within emerging markets can be attributed to the widespread availability of smartphones and governmental efforts to broaden access to Mobile payment services. This research enhances our comprehension of the factors and barriers that constrain the implementation of mobile payment services. This research is useful for policymakers, banks, and technology firms as they develop strategies to expand mobile payment options.

Study of the critical factors for TQM implementation throughout the years, and longitudinal analysis of secondary quality winners of prestigious awards such as the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA), is important. The longitudinal analysis in this research will enable verification that there are generic critical factors (CFs) for TQM implementation and generic critical areas of measurement (CAM) that if implemented fully and successfully will deliver excellence. Also, it will enable verification that these generic CFs help to ensure sustainable performance and this could help in answering how excellent organisations sustain their performance constantly. By studying what excellent organisations measure and what they place emphasis on throughout the year, the study will document measurements that have been used to sustain excellence and will consider empirically how these have led to tangible results over a period of twenty years; the study will examine MBNQA winners from 1988 until 2008. Finally, an excellence maturity assessment tool 'assessment software' was developed as result of examining winning case studies over a long period of time, lists of critical factors of implementation (CFI) and critical areas of measurement (CAM) were extracted and used accompanied by the EFQM Excellence Model, and Zairi's two model 'Index of Excellence' and 'Ladder of Excellence'. This formed the basis of the assessment tool developed; companies through this will be able to understand their level of excellence implementation and their position compared to world class organisations.