Orientadores: Martin Tygel, Lucio Tunes dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T15:47:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nunes_RodrigoSilva_M.pdf: 3222542 bytes, checksum: a51b6fa6537055a2ce60aa8066fc2be2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O método CRS (do Inglês "Common Reflection Surface"), introduzido por Peter Hubral em 1997, é uma técnica alternativa ao convencional empilhamento CMP. O empilhamento CRS é capaz de fornecer não apenas uma melhoria nas seções simuladas de afastamento nulo (ZO), mas também um trio de parâmetros que extraem mais informações sobre a propagação do meio do que o único parâmetro do clássico método CMP, a velocidade NMO. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o potencial do método CRS em produzir modelos de velocidades sísmicas, analogamente para a computação da velocidade NMO no método CMP. Nós descrevemos os métodos CMP e CRS e comparamos suas performances sobre ilustrações sintéticas e exemplos de dados reais. / Abstract: The Common Reflection Surface (CRS) method, introduced by Peter Hubral in 1997, is an alternative technique to the conventional CMP stacking. The CRS stack is able to provide not only improved simulated zero-offset sections, but also a set of parameters that convey more information of the propagating medium than the single NMO-velocity parameter of the classical CMP method. The objective of this work is to analyze the potential of the CRS method to produce seismic velocity models, analogously to the computation of the NMO velocities in the CMP method. We review the CMP and CRS methods, and compare their performances on illustrative synthetic and real data examples. / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

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Car collisions are, unfortunately, not uncommon and cause 1.35 million deaths each year worldwide. Children are often occupants in cars and to ensure their safety, child restraint systems (CRSs) have been developed. However, CRSs need to be used correctly to be efficient. Several studies, such as field investigations and Q-dummy tests, have shown that a misuse of a CRS can increase the risk of injuries. Typical misuses for a forward-facing CRS and a booster seat, with two real accident parameters, were constructed and simulated using the PIPER child human body model. The kinematics of each case were compared with injury parameters of the head, neck and abdomen. Comparing the parameters to existing injury criteria showed that most of the cases end in AIS3+ head injury, even cases with no misuse. When comparing the results of misuses to the cases where the CRS was correctly used, the dominant result was that misuse resulted in being less effective to protect the child. Moreover, results of chosen misuses compared to Q-dummy tests correlated with their results. Results from this thesis illustrate how important it is for parents to restrain children and route the belt correctly.

Children are, by law, required to use specialised child restraint systems (CRS) when riding in cars. The protective capabilities are required as the children’s bodies are not developed enough toproperly take the forces of a collision (Folksam, 2019). CRS today are regulated by various standards and have proven to be very efficient in protecting the child, but incorrect use reduces the effectiveness of the restraints. This thesis was carried out in collaboration with Folksam to study the frequency of misuse within Stockholm, Sweden and to design a CRS that combats them. The study involved a larger observation study that took place in 12 different and randomly selected kindergartens around the greater Stockholm area. The findings showed that CRS fastened with ISOFIX had double the rate (82%) of correct installation in comparison to belt fastening (42%). At the same time, belt fastening was also much more common (72% occurrence rate) than ISOFIX. 10.9% of all registered did not use a CRS at all. The most common misuse was found to be for group 1 CRS, generally being around too loose tether straps and incorrect use of internal belt. The conceptual designs were developed using both quantitative and qualitative research methods and were then evaluated on how well they fulfilled each requirement. A double belt concept was chosen due to its potential to minimise misuse the most. The thesis ended with concluding that its purpose has been fulfilled and includes recommendations for future work. / Barn behöver, enligt lag, använda specialiserad skyddsutrustning (bilbarnstol) när de färdas i bil. De skyddande egenskaperna är nödvändigt för barnen då deras kroppar inte har utvecklats tillräckligt än för att hantera kollisioner (Folksam, 2019). Idag är bilbarnstolar reglerade av olika standarder som har visats kunna skydda barnen, men felanvändning gör att effektiviteten sänks. Denna uppsats är gjord i samarbete med Folksam för att studera bilbarnstolars felanvändning samt ett designkoncept av en bilbarnstol för att motarbeta dem. Studien innefattade en större observationsstudie som tog plats på 12 olika, slumpmässigt utvalda förskolor i Stockholmsområdet. Studien visade att bilbarnstolar med ISOFIX fäste har en högre andel korrektanvändning (84%) än bältesinfästning (42%) inom grupp 1 bilbarnstolar. Det identifierades också att endast 27% av alla bilbarnstolar inom grupp 1 klassificeringen hade ISOFIX. 10,9% av alla som deltog i undersökningen använde sig inte av någon typ av bilbarnstol. De vanligaste felanvändningarna var för grupp 1 bilbarnstolar, där underförankringsband oftast var för löst samt inkorrekt användning av internbälte. Koncept på den föreslagna bilbarnstolen skapades med hjälp av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa forskningsmetoder, där koncepten sedan evaluerades beroende på hur bra dem uppfyller olika krav. Ett dubbel-bälteskoncept blev valt för att det visade störst potential att minska felanvändning. Denna uppsats avslutades med att målet blev uppfyllt samt att rekommendationer gavs för fortsatt arbete.

The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) introduced the Community Rating System (CRS) to encourage community-level flood mitigation and increase individual-level flood insurance uptake. This study analyzes what factors influence communities to participate in the CRS and conditional on participation, what factors affect the type and intensity of participation over time? I used historical data of policies-in-force, claims, CRS participation, and U.S. Census American Community Survey for all NFIP communities in 11 key states to answer these questions. The results show socio-demographic factors significantly and positively predict communities' likelihood of participating in the CRS, whilst flood risk variables of claims and policies held do not. Further, flood risk variable (claims payment received) as well as socio-demographic variable (income) positively influence the intensity of communities' participation in the CRS over time.

The diploma thesis deals with the protection of personnel in cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, focusing on non-medical healthcare workers - anesthetist nurses. The aim of the work was to analyze the knowledge of anesthesia nurses in the use of personal protective equipment, the specifics of selection for the given performance, the use of an electrocautery with integrated suction, the availability of decontamination aids In case of an accident of cytotoxic substances and if the staff is afraid of their own health. The data was obtained through a questionnaire. For the research were selected anesthesia nurses working in operating theaters in selected health care facilities in the Czech Republic. The total number of respondents who participated in the research was 35. The results of the survey revealed that the staff did not find out what PPEs are recommended for this type of operation. It's either because the staff is less linguistically equipped or does not know EBN / EBP or EBM. The staff only uses those PPEs that are available to them. As a good result, 49% of respondents use an integrated electric exhaust system. With regard to the availability of decontamination aids, I have found that most of the staff does not know whether these utilities are available at...

California red scale (CRS), Aonidella aurantii, is an increasingly injurious insect pest for the California citrus industry due to insecticide resistance, changing weather patterns, and shifting trade regulations. The presence of the insect on fruit, damages the rind of the fruit and high populations can cause dieback of branches as well as lower yields. Pheromone mating disruption of CRS has the potential to alleviate population control concerns and reduce insecticide use. The efficacy of the pheromone mating disruption technique for pest management of CRS was determined using the products CheckMate® CRS and Semios CRS Plus. CheckMate® CRS was evaluated over two years in eight 8.1-ha blocks and two 16.2-ha blocks, and in each block half the acreage was untreated and half treated. Semios CRS Plus was evaluated over one year in four 8.1-ha blocks and one 16.2-ha block, and in each block half the acreage was untreated and half treated. Disruption efficacy was determined by male flight trap counts, leaf and twig infestation percentages, and fruit infestation at the end of the season. For CheckMate® CRS® a large reduction in male flight trap catches were recorded in all blocks over both years. Statistically significant lower leaf and twig infestations were observed between for the CheckMate® CRS compared to the control areas in all 10 blocks over the 2018 and 2019 seasons for both the August and November sampling. Statistically significant reductions in the % of fruit infested with 10 or more scales were observed for the CheckMate® CRS treatment compared to the control in 9 of the 10 blocks with 7 of 10 blocks having 90% to 97% reduction. No significant reductions in male flight trap catches or the August leaf and twig infestation were observed for Semios CRS Plus. Due to a lack of efficacy in the August leaf and twig sample in 2018 the trials were canceled and not replicated in 2019. The results of the study indicated pheromone mating disruption using CheckMate® CRS, can be an effective method to reduce California red scale populations.

Användningen av mobiltelefoner har ökat avsevärt och blivit alltmer vanlig i dagens samhälle. Teknikens framsteg har påverkat människors beteenden och vanor. Med den nuvarande tekniken finns det en ökning av användningsområden för mobiltelefoner, vilket leder till en ökning av mobilanvändare. Trots detta har utvecklingen av mobilvänlig design inte skett i samma takt som tekniken har fortskridit. Detta har skapat ett stort behov av att anpassa webbsidor för mobilanvändning. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa användningen av den mobila lärplattformen Canvas. Genom att utgå från rekommendationer för förbättringar av den mobila lärplattformen undersöker studien studenters och instruktörers uppfattningar om Canvas samt deras syn på föreslagna mobilvänliga förbättringar av plattformen. Det bör noteras att studien inte inkluderade rekommendationer för storskaliga förbättringar, eftersom fokus var på användningen av Canvas vid Högskolan i Borås. Dessutom begränsades respondenternas erfarenheter av den befintliga lärplattformen till Högskolan i Borås. För att vidare undersöka ämnet genomförde respondenterna formativa bedömningar med hjälp av ett system som kallas Formative, vilket möjliggjorde förbättringsförslag. Detta system presenterades under fem föreläsningar vid Högskolan i Borås. Efter föreläsningarna genomfördes en enkätundersökning bland samtliga deltagande studenter. underlätta inlärningsprocessen på den mobila lärplattformen Canvas. / In today's society, the use of mobile phones has increased dramatically and become increasingly common. Technological advancements have transformed people's habits. With the current technology, there are more and more applications for mobile phones, leading to a rise in mobile users. However, the development of mobile-friendly design has not kept pace with technological advancements. This has resulted in a significant need to adapt websites for mobile usage. This study aims to shed light on the mobile usage of the Canvas learning platform. Based on recommendations for improving the mobile learning platform Canvas, this study examines how students and instructors perceive Canvas and their opinions on proposed mobile-friendly enhancements to the platform. However, this study does not address recommendations for larger-scale improvements as the main focus is on the usage of the platform at the University of Borås. Additionally, the respondents experiences with the existing Canvas platform at the University of Borås were defined. To further the research, respondents were asked to provide formative assessments using a system called Formative, which facilitates improvement suggestions. This was presented in four lectures at the University of Borås. Subsequently, a survey was conducted among all participating students and lecturers.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The ability of concentrating solar power (CSP) to efficiently store large amounts of energy sets it apart from other renewable energy technologies. However, cost reduction and improved efficiency is required for it to become more economically viable. Significant cost reduction opportunities exist, especially for central receiver system (CRS) technology where the heliostat field makes up 40 to 50 per cent of the total capital expenditure. CRS plants use heliostats to reflect sunlight onto a central receiver. Heliostats with high tracking accuracy are required to realize high solar concentration ratios. This enables high working temperatures for efficient energy conversion. Tracking errors occur mainly due to heliostat manufacturing-, installation- and alignment tolerances, but high tolerance requirements generally increase cost. A way is therefore needed to improve tracking accuracy without increasing tolerance requirements. The primary objective of this project is to develop a heliostat field control system within the context of a 5MWe CRS pilot plant. The control system has to govern the tracking movement of all heliostats in the field and minimize errors over time. A geometric model was developed to characterize four deterministic sources of heliostat tracking errors. A prototype system comprising 18 heliostats was constructed to function as a scaled down subsection of the pilot plant heliostat field and to validate the chosen control method and system architecture. Periodic measurements of individual heliostats’ tracking offsets were obtained using a camera and optical calibration target combined with image processing techniques. Mathematical optimization was used to estimate model coefficients to best fit the measured error offsets. Real-time tracking error corrections were performed by each heliostat’s local controller unit to compensate for a combination of error sources. Experimental tracking measurements were performed using the prototype system. Daily open-loop RMS tracking errors below one milliradian were obtained, thereby satisfying the project’s primary objective. The thesis concludes that high tracking accuracy can be achieved using the control method proposed here. This could potentially lead to a reduction in heliostat cost, thereby lowering the levelised cost of electricity for CRS plants. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gekonsentreerde sonkrag se vermoë om groot hoeveelhede energie effektief te stoor onderskei dit van ander hernubare energie tegnologieë. Kostebesparing en hoër effektiwiteit word egter vereis om dit ekonomies meer lewensvatbaar te maak. Beduidende kostebesparingsgeleenthede bestaan wel, spesifiek vir tegnologieë vir sentraal-ontvangerstelsels (central receiver system (CRS)) waar die heliostaatveld 40 tot 50 persent van die totale kapitaalbestedings uitmaak. CRS aanlegte gebruik heliostate om sonlig op ’n sentrale ontvanger te reflekteer. Heliostate met ’n hoë volgingsakkuraatheid word vereis om hoë sonkragkonsentrasieverhoudings te laat realiseer. Dit maak hoë werkstemperature moontlik vir effektiewe energie-omsetting. Volgingsfoute kom hoofsaaklik voor a.g.v. die heliostaat se vervaardigings-, installasie- en instellingstoleransies, maar hoë toleransie-vereistes verhoog gewoonlik die koste. Daar is dus ’n manier nodig om volgingsakkuraatheid te verbeter sonder om die toleransie-vereistes te verhoog. Die primêre doel van hierdie projek is om ’n heliostaat aanleg kontrole-stelsel te ontwikkel binne die konteks van ’n 5 MWe CRS toetsaanleg. Die kontrole-stelsel moet die volgingsbeweging van al die heliostate in die aanleg bestuur en ook met verloop van tyd volgingsfoute verminder. ’n Geometriese model is ontwikkel om die vier bepalende bronne van heliostaat volgingsfoute te karakteriseer. ’n Prototipe stelsel met 18 heliostate is gebou om as ’n funksionele skaalmodel van die toetsaanleg heliostaatveld te dien en om die gekose kontrole-metode en stelselargitektuur geldig te verklaar. Periodieke metings van die individuele heliostate se volgingsafwykings is verkry deur ’n kamera en optiese kalibrasie teiken te kombineer met beeldprosesseringstegnieke. Wiskundige optimering is gebruik om die model se koëffisiënte te skat om die beste passing te bepaal vir die gemete foutafwykings. Intydse volgingsfoutregstellings is deur elke heliostaat se plaaslike beheereenheid gedoen om te vergoed vir ’n kombinasie van foutbronne. Eksperimentele volgingsmetings is uitgevoer met die prototipestelsel. Daaglikse ooplus RMS volgingsfoute onder een milliradiaan is verkry, en sodoende is die projek se primêre doel behaal. Die tesis maak die gevolgtrekking dat hoë volgingsakkuraatheid behaal kan word deur die gebruik van die beheer-metode soos hier voorgestel. Dit kan potensieel bydra tot kostebesparing in die heliostaatveld van CRS aanlegte om sodoende die geykte koste van elektrisiteit te verminder.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-03-23T21:19:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Item created via OAI harvest from source: http://www.bdtd.ufpa.br/tde_oai/oai2.php on 2011-03-23T21:19:32Z (GMT). Item's OAI Record identifier: oai:bdtd.ufpa.br:233 / ANP - Agência Nacional do Petróleo / The Common-Reflection-Surface (CRS) stack is a new seismic processing method for simulating zero-offset (ZO) and common-offset (CO) sections. It is based on a second-order hyperbolic paraxial approximation of reflection traveltimes in the vicinity of a central ray. For ZO section simulation the central ray is a normal ray, while for CO section simulation the central ray is a finite-offset ray. In addition to the ZO section, the CRS stack method also provides estimates of wavefield kinematic attributes useful for solving interval velocity inversion, geometrical spreading calculation, Fresnel zone estimate, and also diffraction events simulation. In this work, Its proposed a new strategy to do a pre-stack depth migration by using the CRS derived wavefield kinematic attributes, so-called CRS based pre-stack depth migration (CRS-PSDM) method. The CRS-PSDM method uses the CRS results (ZO section and kinematic attributes) to construct an optimized stack traveltime surface along which the amplitudes of the multi-coverage seismic data are to be summed and the result is put in a point of the migration target zone in depth. In the same sense as in Kirchhoff type pre-stack depth migration (K-PSDM), the CRSPSDM method needs a migration velocity model. Unlike the K-PSDM method, the CRS-PSDM needs only to calculate the zero-offset traveltimes, i.e, along only ray conecting the considered point in depth to a given coincident position of source-receptor at surface. The final result is a zero-offset time-to-depth converted seismic image of reflectors from pre-stack seismic data. / O empilhamento por superfície de reflexão comum (ou empilhamento SRC), conhecido como empilhamento CRS, do inglês Commom reflection surface, constitui-se em um novo método para o processamento sísmico na simulação de seções afastamento nulo (AN) e afastamento comum (AC). Este método é baseado em uma aproximação paraxial hiperbólica de segunda ordem dos tempos de trânsito de reflexão na vizinhança de um raio central. Para a simulação de seção AN, o raio central é um raio normal, enquanto que para a simulação de uma seção AC o raio central é um raio de afastamento finito. Em adição à seção AN, o método de empilhamento SRC também fornece estimativas dos atributos cinemáticos do campo de onda, sendo aplicados, por exemplo, na determinação (por um processo de inversão) da velocidade intervalar, no cálculo do espalhamento geométrico, na estimativa da zona de Fresnel, e também na simulação de eventos de tempos de difrações, este último tendo uma grande importância para a migração pré-empilhamento. Neste trabalho é proposta uma nova estratégia para fazer uma migração em profundidade pré-empilhamento, que usa os atributos cinemáticos do campo de onda derivados do empilhamento SRC, conhecido por método CRS-PSDM, do inglês CRS based pre-stack depth migration. O método CRS-PSDM usa os resultados obtidos do método SRC, isto é, as seções dos atributos cinemáticos do campo de onda, para construir uma superfície de tempos de trânsito de empilhamento, ao longo da qual as amplitudes do dado sísmico de múltipla cobertura são somadas, sendo o resultado da soma atribuído a um dado ponto em profundidade, na zona alvo de migração que é definida por uma malha regular. Similarmente ao método convencional de migração tipo Kirchhoff (K-PSDM), o método CRS-PSDM precisa de um modelo de velocidade de migração. Contrário ao método K-PSDM, o método CRS-PSDM necessita apenas computar os tempos de trânsito afastamento nulo, ao seja, ao longo de um único raio ligando o ponto considerado em profundidade a uma dada posição de fonte e receptor coincidentes na superfície. O resultado final deste procedimento é uma imagem sísmica em profundidade dos refletores a partir do dado de múltipla cobertura.