Companies are looking for ways to improve their business practices to work more efficiently.They are also looking for technology that can improve their workflows and customer service systems.  Here comes the need of enterprise software applications, theses softwares allows companies to cut costs and standardize the way they work, ensuring that everyone is working towards the same goal. The objective of this study is an assignment from Ericsson Business Support Solutions with the purpose of studying the effect of transitioning from the currently used process (CSV files) to an interactive web UI, when it comes to the process of handling offering of software capabilities.In this study, we aim to study the challenges and opportunities of developing an enterprise application software(EAS) and its impact on the productivity of end users.This research will also study the challenges and benefits of developing an enterprise software application (Digital marketplace) that will be used in a large (+500 employees) organization. In addition, the study will research security aspects that should be considered when developing enterprise softwares. Two sorts of studies have been conducted to answer the research questions. In order to understand and gain knowledge about the process of enterprise software development and to be able to point out which challenges and benefits there are and to get closer view of which security aspects should be in consideration when developing a software on this scale, a literature study was conducted. In order to observe and investigate whether web interfaces are a better solution / method than CSV files, and thus see the possibility of whether web interfaces can generally replace CSV files when it comes to CRUD, search and filtering information an empirical study was carried out through the development of a user interface and a usability test survey was conducted. The overall results of the study consistently show that UI is a more resourceful alternate to the  CSV files if the challenges posed by the enterprise software are sufficiently engaged and taken care of. A solid insight and expertise into information technology, pragmatic solutions to the security challenges, and careful consideration of the participants' complaints will be helpful in creating functional enterprise software.

Borrelios är den vanligaste fästingburna infektionen på norra halvklotet, och orsakas av spiroketer tillhörande Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-komplexet. Dessa bakterier kan spridas till flera organ och ge upphov till olika symptom i bland annat hud, nervsystem, leder och hjärta. Omkring 15 % utvecklar neurologiska symptom, så kallad neuroborrelios. Den bästa indikatorn på aktiv neuroborrelios är framförallt karakteristiska neurologiska symptom samt tecken på en inflammatorisk förändring i cerebrospinalvätskan (CSV) i kombination med lokalt producerade antikroppar mot Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. i CSV. Nuvarande metod för diagnostik av neuroborrelios är en immunokemisk metod, en ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) som bygger på en jämförelse av Borrelia-antikroppsnivåer i CSV och i serum genom beräkning av antikroppsindex (AI). Beräkning av AI kompenserar för en eventuell ospecifik överföring av antikroppar från serum, till följd av en skada på blod-hjärnbarriären. Det finns dock tecken på att den nuvarande analysmetoden har för låg sensitivitet med falskt negativa resultat, framförallt tidigt i infektionsförloppet. För diagnostik av andra former av borrelios än neuroborrelios används en typ av ELISA baserad på C6-peptid. C6-peptid ELISA visar god känslighet för detektion av B. burgdorferi s.l.-specifika antikroppar i serum. C6-antigenet utgör en starkt immunogen och konserverad region av bakteriens VlsE-ytprotein. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om detektion av antikroppar mot C6-peptid i CSV kan komplettera den nuvarande använda metoden och därmed förbättra den totala sensitiviteten för diagnostik av neuroborrelios. I studien analyserades 169 patientprover från unga personer, samt 18 oklara patientfall som tidigare bedömts negativa med den nuvarande metoden. Antikroppar mot C6-peptid detekterades hos åtta unga patienter samt två oklara patientfall. Av dessa hade åtminstone tre unga patienter sannolikt neuroborrelios. Resultat från den här studien tyder på att C6-peptid-ELISA på CSV-prover kan fungera som ett komplement till befintlig metod för diagnostik av neuroborrelios. En kombination av båda metoderna kan sannolikt ge en betydligt högre sensitivitet. Vid tolkning av resultat från C6-peptid-baserade analysmetoder på CSV ska hänsyn tas till eventuell ospecifik överföring av B. burgdorferi s.l.-specifika antikroppar genom blod-hjärnbarriären. / Lyme Borreliosis, caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-complex, is the most common tick-borne infection in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The bacteria can infect many different organs, this can give rise to a variety of symptoms in skin, the nervous system, joints and heart. Approximately 15 % of the infected individuals show neurological symptoms referred to as neuroborreliosis. An active neuroborreliosis is indicated by inflammatory changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and local synthesis of anti-Borrelia antibodies in CSF. The current method to diagnose neuroborreliosis is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which compares levels of anti-Borrelia antibodies in CSF and serum by calculating an antibody index (AI). Calculations of AI compensate for unspecific leakage of antibodies from serum to CSF following an injury of the blood-brain barrier. The drawback of the current method is a low sensitivity with a high rate of false negative results in samples collected early during an infection. Another type of ELISA, based on the use of a C6 peptide, has earlier shown good sensitivity for detection of B. burgdorferi s.l.-specific antibodies in serum. The C6 antigen corresponds to a highly immunogenic and conserved region of the bacterial surface protein VlsE. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a detection of antibodies against the C6 peptide in CSF could improve the total sensitivity for the diagnostics of neuroborreliosis. In the current study, 169 samples with negative AI from young patients and 18 samples from special cases were analyzed. Antibodies against the C6 peptide were found in 8 young patients and in 2 samples from special cases. Out of these, 3 young patients were stated positive for neuroborreliosis. Results of this study show that the C6 peptide ELISA on CSF samples could act as a complement to the current serological method for diagnosing neuroborreliosis. A combination of both methods could possibly increase the overall sensitivity. However, the blod-brain barrier injury issue is a problem in the analysis and interpretation of the results of the C6 peptide-based method on CSF should take into consideration a possible dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier. In conclusion, a combination of both the current method and the C6 peptide ELISA could give a markedly improved sensitivity in diagnostics of neuroborreliosis.

While sustainability is a common trend in business, the practical challenges companies face when striving towards becoming more sustainable are not thoroughly researched. By applying Porter and Kramer's (2011) theory on Creating Shared Value (CSV) to Swedish SMEs in the fashion industry, the challenges of adopting sustainable practices were identified in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight case companies with an ambition to be sustainable. This paper argues that even sustainably-aware companies face complex challenges with activities meant to benefit both society and the company itself. Despite many positive characteristics of SMEs, including more flexibility to adapt to new circumstances and innovative approaches to CSR development (Jenkins, 2009), our research display difficulties with leveraging these characteristics. The study shows that the seven challenges of shared value creation are: investment costs, functionality issues, supplier complexities, supplier control, supplier abilities, managing certifications and cluster control. Moreover, the study has also confirmed Crane et al., (2014) regarding the positioning of CSV as an umbrella construct for loosely related concepts within conscious capitalism.

This qualitative study contributes to the research field on legitimacy theory and creating shared value (CSV) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), regarding helping entrepreneurs and business owners better understand the journey of engaging with social and environmental issues. Recent years have seen a growing number of organisations engage in CSV, which builds on identifying societal needs and approaching these as business opportunities. A standard that purports to uphold these values and is comprised of for-profit companies committed to sustainability-related initiatives is the B Corp label. We consider B Corp certification and explore how sustainably oriented SMEs engage with their wider community in a way that fosters corporate credibility and legitimacy.  Empirical data about five SMEs organisational narratives working with CSV, implementation of social and environmental activities, and effects of B Corp certification were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with company representatives and a range of secondary data materials. Analysing the data from these five interviewed companies established them to be engaging with the notion of CSV and regard addressing societal or environmental issues as the purpose of their business. Furthermore, findings suggested that values and beliefs incorporated by the SMEs supersede the generally adopted values in society, thereby representing a paradox with legitimacy theory. As a result, these businesses aim to close the perceived legitimacy gap by trying to raise awareness and engage the public with the appropriateness of their business, thereby slowly providing citizens with a more conscious mindset.

The interest and demand of sustainable actions have alongside with societal development increased over time. It has become crucial for companies in today’s society to show responsibility for the footprints they leave behind as a consequence of operating. A possible course of action could be the implementation of Creating Shared Value – CSV, which encompasses undertakings that result in value creation for both the company itself, and the local environment in which the company operates. Even though companies are expected to contribute to societal issues, there are still no blueprints declaring how to satisfy societal needs, and the challenges accompanied with it. CSV aims to tackle the distances between societal and business goals, however, despite CSV’s acknowledgement in academia, the concept is often criticized for being insufficient in practice. This has led to businesses trying to apply a CSV approach while still undertaking Corporate Social Responsibility – CSR related activities. The mixture of these concepts has made it difficult to explore what factors that affect the process of capturing Shared Value opportunities. This research investigates what factors that influence the process of capturing Shared Value in the Swedish insurance industry. The findings derived from this single company case study suggests that depending on what managerial decision-making approach used in a company affects the rate of success in terms of Creating Shared Value. An unclear communication plan, combined with the continuous confusion between the concepts, seems to increase the uncertainness of why and how different decisions are taken, hindering the process of CSV as well as the understanding of how Shared Value is created. A variety of factors were identified, where three main factors were considered to play a key role in, not only the capturing of Shared Value opportunities but the entire implementation process of the concept. Based on these factors, a model was established, showing how these main factors obstructs the realization of Shared Value opportunities.

For a prolonged period of time, corporations and society have been out of synergy. There are many industries that have contributed to our environmental problems, but the fashion industry has been very active in contributing to the negative climate change, particularly the value chain. There is an eminent need for change, regarding how fashion companies operate and how consumers choose to consume. Creating Shared Value has emerged in recent years, answering societal and environmental issues, but the concept is still very nebulous and a relatively new concept. Throughout this thesis, the purpose was to examine if or how Swedish fashion companies create shared value and how CSV initiatives can contribute to sustainable value chains within the Swedish fashion industry.  The qualitative research strategy has been implemented throughout the thesis. This decision was made in order to successfully create a rich primary data collection so that a deep analysis could be conducted in relation to the literature review. The results and conclusion of this thesis is that Swedish fashion companies create shared value subconsciously, some of the participating companies do it more than others. The results suggest that CSV initiatives can contribute to increasingly sustainable value chains for the various companies, but that there are also several boundaries and opportunities along the way. There is a further need of more research regarding the concept of CSV, especially in the fashion industry.

This thesis envisages the possibilities of data transport from portal applications into spreadsheets. The main goal is to find out a solution to export data in suitable form for MS Excel application.   The thesis also shows principles of the OLAP. It describes OLAP internal data model and shows the way, how data could be exported from a website into spreadsheets. It enlarges SYLK and XML file formats, which are suitable for data representation in MS Office Excel spreadsheet.

Yes / Corporations in the 21st play a decisive role in the future of society. Their power and influence in world affairs often seems devoid of ethics and seems to exceed the reach and the means of many nations. As a result, the strategic positions they take towards value creation and ethics affects every individual on the planet. This paper explores strategic routes that organisations could apply to facilitate economic growth while ensuring their ecological integrity and ensuring social enhancement generating benefits to a wider scope of organisational stakeholders. By conducting a critical analysis and clarifying common misconceptions between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Creating Shared Value (CSV) and Sustainability, it is possible to determine how these interrelated strategic approaches have evolved. This article argues the importance of transforming the purpose of organisations to encapsulate stakeholder value creation as the main reason for their existence.

Hållbar utveckling är ett aktuellt ämne i dagens samhälle och det ställs allt högre krav på att företag ska ta sitt ansvar för att bidra till en hållbar utveckling. Bankerna är de aktörer som kan styra hur kapital ska investeras och har därmed stor makt och mycket att vinna på att främja en hållbar utveckling i samhället. De globala affärsmöjligheterna som marknaden för hållbar utveckling utgör uppskattas att år 2050 uppgå till omkring tre biljoner dollar per år. Banking on shared value (BSV), som är en vidareutveckling av creating shared value, innebär att banker kan generera ekonomiskt värde på ett sätt som samtidigt skapar socialt och miljömässigt värde. Av en granskning som har utförts av Fair Finance Guide framgår det att de sju största bankerna i Sverige får relativt låga hållbarhetsbetyg. Många forskare menar att sustainability management control systems (SMCS), vilket är en en utvecklad modell av Malmi och Browns teori om MCS kan vara nyckeln till att lyckas integrera hållbar utveckling i verksamheten. Det efterfrågas dock fler praktikfall inom området. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur företagsledningen inom banksektorn kan använda SMCS för att integrera hållbar utveckling i sin verksamhet En fallstudie har genomförts av Ekobanken som är den enda svenska bank som är medlem i Global Alliance for Banking on Values och som har fått högst betyg av samtliga banker i Fair Finance Guides granskning. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in med hjälp av intervjuer med två personer inom Ekobankens ledning samt från dokumentstudier. Studien har en abduktiv ansats. Vi har identifierat Ekobankens mest framträdande styrningsverktyg som kulturell styrning som har ett starkt fokus på hållbar utveckling, administrativ styrning och cybernetiska styrningsverktyg. Ekobanken har enligt oss ett väl fungerande SMCS som lyckas med att integrera hållbar utveckling i verksamheten. Vi anser dock inte att Ekobankens arbete med hållbar utveckling kan definieras som BSV fullt ut men att de är den bank i Sverige som i nuläget kommer närmast att uppfylla kraven för BSV. Vi menar därmed att studiens resultat med fördel kan verka inspirerande för andra banker. Det är framförallt Ekobankens transparens, öppna klimat, ledningens engagemang samt deras hållbarhetsredovisning och utlåningspolicy som andra banker, som jobbar mot hållbar utveckling, enligt vår mening bör ta fasta på. / Sustainable development is a topical subject in today's society and there is an increasing demand for companies to take responsibility by contributing to sustainable development. The banks control how capital is invested, thus giving them great power to and a lot to gain from promoting sustainable development in society. The business opportunities from the market for sustainable development is estimated to provide a value of three trillion dollars annually by 2050. Banking on shared value ​​(BSV), which is a further development of creating shared value, means that banks can generate economic value and at the same time create social and environmental value. A review conducted by Fair Finance Guide shows that the seven largest banks in Sweden are performing relatively low results in terms of sustainability. Many researchers argue that sustainability management control systems (SMCS), which is a developed model of Malmi and Brown's theory about MCS, can be the key to successfully integrating sustainable development into the business. However, more practical cases are required in the area. This study aims at contributing to an increased understanding of how corporate governance in the banking sector can use SMCS to integrate sustainable development into the business. A case study has been carried out on Ekobanken, which is the only Swedish bank that is a member of Global Alliance for Banking on Values and has been awarded the highest rating in the Fair Finance Guide´s review. The empirical material has been collected by means of semi-structured interviews with two persons within Ekobanken´s management team as well as documentary studies. The study has an abductive approach. We have identified Ekobanken's most prominent management tools as cultural governance with a strong focus on sustainable development, administrative governance and cybernetic management tools. In our opinion Ekobanken has a successful SMCS that manage to integrating sustainable development into the business. However, Ekobanken's work with sustainable development can, in our opinion, not be fully defined as BSV, but we believe that they are the bank in Sweden that is currently closest to meeting the requirements for BSV. Therefore we mean that the results of this study can be of inspiration for other banks. It is primarily Ekobanken's transparency, open climate, management's commitment, and their sustainability report and lending policy that other banks working towards sustainable development should strive to apply.

This thesis is a two-part exploratory inquiry into how actions of Corporate Responsibility (CR) create economic value for the company performing them, in addition to social/environmental value. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the CR initiatives of a theoretical “paragon corporation”: a corporation that excels in its CR initiatives and sees financial gain in it. The report starts by going over literature, describing the CR context that companies operate in today, and similar work. A model for describing CR activities as business activities is drawn from Nancy Bocken’s concept Business Model Archetypes, and it is proposed as a possible tool for describing economic value creation from CR activities. The first part of the study is a word frequency analysis of the annual financial reports of the companies listed on the FTSE 100, where words connected to CR are counted. The sustainability reports of the five companies that have mentioned CR terminology most in the first study are analyzed in detail during the second study, and are characterized using Bocken’s archetypes. Findings show that the paragon corporation should have CR initiatives that can be modeled after the archetypes, enabling the CR initiatives to create direct economic value for the company. The archetypes can be used when formulating a CR strategy from the ground up, or evaluating existing CR strategy. The thesis ends with suggestions for how this can be explored further.