The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological and psychological responses to linear work rate treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise tests in men and women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 12 men and 8 women with COPD completed one treadmill and one cycle cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in randomized order. Before and after each CPET, the particpants completed measures of Self-Efficacy (SE), State-Anxiety, and Arousal. No significant differences were found between the physiological responses to cycle and treadmill CPET in either men or women. SE increased significantly as a result of the first test, regardless of exercise modality and sex. State anxiety was significantly reduced after the first test, whereas there was no significant change in arousal state. In conclusion there were no differences between the physiological and psychological responses to treadmill and cycle CPET in men and women with COPD.

TAMBORINDEGUY, A. C. Avaliação da força e do momento tibiofemoral durante a pedalada: uma orientação para a reabilitação. Dissertação de Mestrado. Programa de pós-graduação em ciências do movimento humano. Escola de Educação Física. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Durante o processo de reabilitação de lesões na articulação do joelho o ciclo ergômetro tem sido amplamente utilizado. No entanto, existem poucos estudos que orientem a sua utilização de forma a evitar sobrecargas às estruturas lesionadas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar o comportamento das componentes de compressão e de cisalhamento anterior e posterior da força intersegmentar e do momento resultante tibiofemoral durante a pedalada no ciclo ergômetro em situações usuais da reabilitação de lesões do joelho. Participaram deste estudo nove sujeitos saudáveis do sexo masculino. O protocolo constou da avaliação de três diferentes alturas do selim (altura do trocânter, 3 cm para baixo e 3 cm para cima desta), duas cadências (40 e 70 rpm) e três cargas de trabalho (0, 5 e 10 N) relacionadas à realidade da reabilitação. Um pedal instrumentado e um sistema de cinemetria foram utilizados para o cálculo do modelo biomecânico bidimensional. Foram analisadas as médias do pico de compressão da força intersegmentar, dos picos do valor máximo e mínimo de cisalhamento da força intersegmentar e o pico dos momentos flexor e extensor durante oito ciclos de pedalada. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o aumento da carga de trabalho causa um aumento na média do pico de compressão e do pico máximo de cisalhamento da força intersegmentar. As médias do pico de compressão foram de -44,94 (±3,12) N para 0 N, -53,21 (±4,56) N para 5 N e -76,50 (±5,69) N para 10 N. As médias do pico máximo de cisalhamento foram de 61,32 (±5,60) N para O N, 71,21 (±7,73) N para 5 N e 93,89 (±9,10) N para 10 N. O aumento das cargas de trabalho também causou um aumento do pico do momento flexor resultante que teve valores médios de 12,77 (±1,68) Nm para 0 N, 16,90 (±2,49) Nm para 5 N e 25,40 (±3,25) Nm para 10 N. O pico do momento extensor aumentou com a diminuição da altura do selim. As médias do pico do momento extensor nas posições do selim na altura do trocânter, 3 cm abaixo e 3 cm acima foram de, -10,15 (±0,58) Nm, -11,09 (±0,55) Nm e -9,68 (±0,58) Nm, respectivamente. O pico do momento extensor aumentou com o aumento da cadência de pedalada e com o incremento da carga de trabalho de 5 para 10 N. As médias do pico do momento extensor foram de -10,12 (±0,57) Nm para 40 rpm, de - 10,49 (±0,56) Nm para 70 rpm, -10,19 (±0,57) Nm para 5 N e de -10,53 (±0,60) Nm para 10 N. Portanto, pedalar com uma carga de 0 N, com o selim posicionado 3 cm acima da altura do trocânter e na cadência de 40 rpm resulta em menor sobrecarga articular e muscular. / TAMBORINDEGUY, A. C. Assessment of force and moment during cycling: an orientation to rehabilitation. Master thesis. Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences. School of Physical Education. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. During knee injuries rehabilitation process the cycle ergometer has been largely used. However, there are few studies orienting their use avoiding overload damaged structures. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of compression and shear force components and resultant joint moment in ergometer cycling at different saddle height, cadence and workload during rehabilitation seasons. Nine healthy male volunteers participated in this study. Protocol consisted of evaluation of three differents saddle heights (trochanter height, 3 cm downward and 3 cm upward from trochanter height), two cadences (40 and 70 rpm) and three workloads (0, 5 and 10 N). An instrumented pedal and a motion system were used to calculate the twodimensional biomechanical model. Mean peak compressive intersegmental force, maximum and minimum mean peak shear force, and mean peak extensor and flexor moment during eight pedaling cycles were analyzed. Results demonstrated that changes in workload interfere in mean peak compressive force as well in maximum mean peak shear intersegmentar force. Mean peak compressive were -44.94 (±3.12) N for 0 N, -53.21 (±4.56) N for 5 N and -76.50 (±5.69) N for 10 N. Maximum mean peak shear were 61.32 (±5.60) N for O N, 71.21 (±7.73) N for 5 N and 93.89 (±9.10) N for 10 N. Mean peak flexor moment increased as workload increase (12.77 (±1.68) Nm for 0 N, 16.90 (±2.49) Nm for 5 N and 25.40 (±3.25) Nm for 10 N). Mean peak extensor moment increased at saddle positioned 3 cm downward. Results were - 10.15 (±0.58) Nm, -11.09 (±0.55) Nm, and -9.68 (±0.58) Nm, for trochanteric height, 3 cm downward, and 3 cm upward, respectively. Mean peak extensor moment increased as cadence and workload increased (from -10.12 (±0.57) Nm at 40 rpm to - 10.49 (±0.56) Nm at 70 rpm; from -10.19 (±0.57) Nm at 5 N to -10.53 (±0.60) Nm at 10 N, respectively). Therefore, pedaling at 0 N with saddle positioned 3 cm upward from trochanter height at 40 rpm results in lower joint and muscle overload.

TAMBORINDEGUY, A. C. Avaliação da força e do momento tibiofemoral durante a pedalada: uma orientação para a reabilitação. Dissertação de Mestrado. Programa de pós-graduação em ciências do movimento humano. Escola de Educação Física. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Durante o processo de reabilitação de lesões na articulação do joelho o ciclo ergômetro tem sido amplamente utilizado. No entanto, existem poucos estudos que orientem a sua utilização de forma a evitar sobrecargas às estruturas lesionadas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar o comportamento das componentes de compressão e de cisalhamento anterior e posterior da força intersegmentar e do momento resultante tibiofemoral durante a pedalada no ciclo ergômetro em situações usuais da reabilitação de lesões do joelho. Participaram deste estudo nove sujeitos saudáveis do sexo masculino. O protocolo constou da avaliação de três diferentes alturas do selim (altura do trocânter, 3 cm para baixo e 3 cm para cima desta), duas cadências (40 e 70 rpm) e três cargas de trabalho (0, 5 e 10 N) relacionadas à realidade da reabilitação. Um pedal instrumentado e um sistema de cinemetria foram utilizados para o cálculo do modelo biomecânico bidimensional. Foram analisadas as médias do pico de compressão da força intersegmentar, dos picos do valor máximo e mínimo de cisalhamento da força intersegmentar e o pico dos momentos flexor e extensor durante oito ciclos de pedalada. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o aumento da carga de trabalho causa um aumento na média do pico de compressão e do pico máximo de cisalhamento da força intersegmentar. As médias do pico de compressão foram de -44,94 (±3,12) N para 0 N, -53,21 (±4,56) N para 5 N e -76,50 (±5,69) N para 10 N. As médias do pico máximo de cisalhamento foram de 61,32 (±5,60) N para O N, 71,21 (±7,73) N para 5 N e 93,89 (±9,10) N para 10 N. O aumento das cargas de trabalho também causou um aumento do pico do momento flexor resultante que teve valores médios de 12,77 (±1,68) Nm para 0 N, 16,90 (±2,49) Nm para 5 N e 25,40 (±3,25) Nm para 10 N. O pico do momento extensor aumentou com a diminuição da altura do selim. As médias do pico do momento extensor nas posições do selim na altura do trocânter, 3 cm abaixo e 3 cm acima foram de, -10,15 (±0,58) Nm, -11,09 (±0,55) Nm e -9,68 (±0,58) Nm, respectivamente. O pico do momento extensor aumentou com o aumento da cadência de pedalada e com o incremento da carga de trabalho de 5 para 10 N. As médias do pico do momento extensor foram de -10,12 (±0,57) Nm para 40 rpm, de - 10,49 (±0,56) Nm para 70 rpm, -10,19 (±0,57) Nm para 5 N e de -10,53 (±0,60) Nm para 10 N. Portanto, pedalar com uma carga de 0 N, com o selim posicionado 3 cm acima da altura do trocânter e na cadência de 40 rpm resulta em menor sobrecarga articular e muscular. / TAMBORINDEGUY, A. C. Assessment of force and moment during cycling: an orientation to rehabilitation. Master thesis. Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences. School of Physical Education. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. During knee injuries rehabilitation process the cycle ergometer has been largely used. However, there are few studies orienting their use avoiding overload damaged structures. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of compression and shear force components and resultant joint moment in ergometer cycling at different saddle height, cadence and workload during rehabilitation seasons. Nine healthy male volunteers participated in this study. Protocol consisted of evaluation of three differents saddle heights (trochanter height, 3 cm downward and 3 cm upward from trochanter height), two cadences (40 and 70 rpm) and three workloads (0, 5 and 10 N). An instrumented pedal and a motion system were used to calculate the twodimensional biomechanical model. Mean peak compressive intersegmental force, maximum and minimum mean peak shear force, and mean peak extensor and flexor moment during eight pedaling cycles were analyzed. Results demonstrated that changes in workload interfere in mean peak compressive force as well in maximum mean peak shear intersegmentar force. Mean peak compressive were -44.94 (±3.12) N for 0 N, -53.21 (±4.56) N for 5 N and -76.50 (±5.69) N for 10 N. Maximum mean peak shear were 61.32 (±5.60) N for O N, 71.21 (±7.73) N for 5 N and 93.89 (±9.10) N for 10 N. Mean peak flexor moment increased as workload increase (12.77 (±1.68) Nm for 0 N, 16.90 (±2.49) Nm for 5 N and 25.40 (±3.25) Nm for 10 N). Mean peak extensor moment increased at saddle positioned 3 cm downward. Results were - 10.15 (±0.58) Nm, -11.09 (±0.55) Nm, and -9.68 (±0.58) Nm, for trochanteric height, 3 cm downward, and 3 cm upward, respectively. Mean peak extensor moment increased as cadence and workload increased (from -10.12 (±0.57) Nm at 40 rpm to - 10.49 (±0.56) Nm at 70 rpm; from -10.19 (±0.57) Nm at 5 N to -10.53 (±0.60) Nm at 10 N, respectively). Therefore, pedaling at 0 N with saddle positioned 3 cm upward from trochanter height at 40 rpm results in lower joint and muscle overload.

TAMBORINDEGUY, A. C. Avaliação da força e do momento tibiofemoral durante a pedalada: uma orientação para a reabilitação. Dissertação de Mestrado. Programa de pós-graduação em ciências do movimento humano. Escola de Educação Física. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Durante o processo de reabilitação de lesões na articulação do joelho o ciclo ergômetro tem sido amplamente utilizado. No entanto, existem poucos estudos que orientem a sua utilização de forma a evitar sobrecargas às estruturas lesionadas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar o comportamento das componentes de compressão e de cisalhamento anterior e posterior da força intersegmentar e do momento resultante tibiofemoral durante a pedalada no ciclo ergômetro em situações usuais da reabilitação de lesões do joelho. Participaram deste estudo nove sujeitos saudáveis do sexo masculino. O protocolo constou da avaliação de três diferentes alturas do selim (altura do trocânter, 3 cm para baixo e 3 cm para cima desta), duas cadências (40 e 70 rpm) e três cargas de trabalho (0, 5 e 10 N) relacionadas à realidade da reabilitação. Um pedal instrumentado e um sistema de cinemetria foram utilizados para o cálculo do modelo biomecânico bidimensional. Foram analisadas as médias do pico de compressão da força intersegmentar, dos picos do valor máximo e mínimo de cisalhamento da força intersegmentar e o pico dos momentos flexor e extensor durante oito ciclos de pedalada. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o aumento da carga de trabalho causa um aumento na média do pico de compressão e do pico máximo de cisalhamento da força intersegmentar. As médias do pico de compressão foram de -44,94 (±3,12) N para 0 N, -53,21 (±4,56) N para 5 N e -76,50 (±5,69) N para 10 N. As médias do pico máximo de cisalhamento foram de 61,32 (±5,60) N para O N, 71,21 (±7,73) N para 5 N e 93,89 (±9,10) N para 10 N. O aumento das cargas de trabalho também causou um aumento do pico do momento flexor resultante que teve valores médios de 12,77 (±1,68) Nm para 0 N, 16,90 (±2,49) Nm para 5 N e 25,40 (±3,25) Nm para 10 N. O pico do momento extensor aumentou com a diminuição da altura do selim. As médias do pico do momento extensor nas posições do selim na altura do trocânter, 3 cm abaixo e 3 cm acima foram de, -10,15 (±0,58) Nm, -11,09 (±0,55) Nm e -9,68 (±0,58) Nm, respectivamente. O pico do momento extensor aumentou com o aumento da cadência de pedalada e com o incremento da carga de trabalho de 5 para 10 N. As médias do pico do momento extensor foram de -10,12 (±0,57) Nm para 40 rpm, de - 10,49 (±0,56) Nm para 70 rpm, -10,19 (±0,57) Nm para 5 N e de -10,53 (±0,60) Nm para 10 N. Portanto, pedalar com uma carga de 0 N, com o selim posicionado 3 cm acima da altura do trocânter e na cadência de 40 rpm resulta em menor sobrecarga articular e muscular. / TAMBORINDEGUY, A. C. Assessment of force and moment during cycling: an orientation to rehabilitation. Master thesis. Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences. School of Physical Education. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. During knee injuries rehabilitation process the cycle ergometer has been largely used. However, there are few studies orienting their use avoiding overload damaged structures. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of compression and shear force components and resultant joint moment in ergometer cycling at different saddle height, cadence and workload during rehabilitation seasons. Nine healthy male volunteers participated in this study. Protocol consisted of evaluation of three differents saddle heights (trochanter height, 3 cm downward and 3 cm upward from trochanter height), two cadences (40 and 70 rpm) and three workloads (0, 5 and 10 N). An instrumented pedal and a motion system were used to calculate the twodimensional biomechanical model. Mean peak compressive intersegmental force, maximum and minimum mean peak shear force, and mean peak extensor and flexor moment during eight pedaling cycles were analyzed. Results demonstrated that changes in workload interfere in mean peak compressive force as well in maximum mean peak shear intersegmentar force. Mean peak compressive were -44.94 (±3.12) N for 0 N, -53.21 (±4.56) N for 5 N and -76.50 (±5.69) N for 10 N. Maximum mean peak shear were 61.32 (±5.60) N for O N, 71.21 (±7.73) N for 5 N and 93.89 (±9.10) N for 10 N. Mean peak flexor moment increased as workload increase (12.77 (±1.68) Nm for 0 N, 16.90 (±2.49) Nm for 5 N and 25.40 (±3.25) Nm for 10 N). Mean peak extensor moment increased at saddle positioned 3 cm downward. Results were - 10.15 (±0.58) Nm, -11.09 (±0.55) Nm, and -9.68 (±0.58) Nm, for trochanteric height, 3 cm downward, and 3 cm upward, respectively. Mean peak extensor moment increased as cadence and workload increased (from -10.12 (±0.57) Nm at 40 rpm to - 10.49 (±0.56) Nm at 70 rpm; from -10.19 (±0.57) Nm at 5 N to -10.53 (±0.60) Nm at 10 N, respectively). Therefore, pedaling at 0 N with saddle positioned 3 cm upward from trochanter height at 40 rpm results in lower joint and muscle overload.

This study assessed the effect of an eight-minute cycling intervention using varying intensities on exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). Generally, current research examines EIH using protocols that last for more than 10 minutes and reach 75% of an individual's VO2 peak. The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of varying intensities on pressure pain threshold (PPT) and heat pain threshold (HPT) at the thigh and forearm, tested pre- and post-cycling intervention. Healthy male participants (n=16) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to establish their peak power output (PPO). In subsequent visits, participants completed five different 8-minute cycling interventions, with intensities randomly assigned to one of three counterbalanced orders. HPT and PPT were applied to the thigh and forearm two times before and after each cycling intervention. Additionally, there was a notable effect of intensity on PPT in the thigh, with significant changes at intensities of 90% (p = 0.024) and 100% (p = 0.003). In the forearm, repeated measures ANOVA indicated that there was no significant interaction or main effect for intensity and time. Similarly, for HPT, the analysis did not show significant interaction or main effects for both intensity and location. This study was the first to examine EIH using an 8-minute cycling intervention on a cycling ergometer at individualized intensities. Higher intensity cycling sessions generated EIH locally in the thigh using PPT. This intervention appeared to target the nociceptors activated by mechanical, rather than thermal stimuli, further highlighting the multi-faceted nature of EIH. A short but high intensity cycling intervention may have clinical relevance, as it can provide an intervention to reduce localized pain immediately after exercise using a pressure pain stimulus.

Objectives To assess physical fitness in pregnancy and to evaluate its effect on perceived health, back pain, blood pressure and duration of gestation. Also, to evaluate the effect of serum relaxin levels on blood pressure and duration of gestation. Material and methods A prospective cohort of 520 pregnant women were examined in early pregnancy and five months postpartum with regard to socio-demographic characteristics and estimated peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2 peak, est.). Serum concentrations of relaxin were carried out in early pregnancy. Physical exercise, possible back pain and blood pressure were measured repeatedly throughout pregnancy. Results Absolute V̇O2 peak, est. in early pregnancy was positively correlated to perceived health, which was lower during than after pregnancy. The average absolute V̇O2 peak, est. in early pregnancy of 2.4 l/minute was 0.02 l/minute less than the V̇O2 peak, est. postpartum, while regular physical exercise decreased throughout pregnancy. Absolute V̇O2 peak, est. in early pregnancy was not associated to the incidence of any low back pain location in pregnancy or postpartum, but inversely to intensity of back pain and diastolic blood pressure and positively with duration of gestation. Elevated serum relaxin levels were associated with decreased diastolic blood pressure and higher duration of gestation among women with miscarriage. Conclusions Perceived health, diastolic blood pressure and duration of gestation were positively affected by physical fitness while no effect was shown on the incidence of back pain. The effect of physical fitness on duration of gestation and diastolic blood pressure might have clinical implications as well as the increased serum relaxin levels on miscarriages.

Orientador: Luiz Eduardo Barreto Martins / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T15:22:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DeBellisSilva_Gerson_M.pdf: 2066470 bytes, checksum: ddc04339cfa1c1fb8ea3d1fb4616ea56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Nesse projeto multicêntrico em fisiologia do exercício - etapa de calibração de cicloergômetros foi desenvolvido um calibrador de cicloergômetros que pode ser utilizado com modelos diferentes de cicloergômetros. A partir de sua calibração estática constatou-se que o mesmo foi capaz de mensurar potencia em cicloergômetros com precisão de 0,85 W. Foi realizada a calibração dinâmica de três cicloergômetros de mesmo modelo que são utilizados pelos laboratórios de fisiologia do exercício da Faculdade de Educação Física da UNICAMP, do Departamento de Fisioterapia da UFSCar e do Departamento de Clinica Médica da USP de Ribeirão Preto. O experimento de calibração testou a resistência, estabilidade e a robustez dos cicloergômetros, além de fornecer a equação que relaciona a potencia real e a potencia indicada pelos cicloergômetros nas rotações de 45, 60 e 75 rpm. As inclinações calculadas pelas regressões foram 0.992, 0.991 and 0.977 respectivamente. Aplicaram-se testes ergoespirométricos em três voluntários nas potencias corrigidas de 60 e 120 W por 10 minutos em cada um dos laboratórios citados. Os valores de consumo de oxigênio, produção de CO2, ventilação e freqüência cardíaca foram calculados no regime permanente e suas medianas comparadas. Os resultados foram diferentes (p<0.05) para as comparações diretas, porém suas variações entre os dois níveis de esforço foram semelhantes. Os testes possibilitaram a observação de que a magnitude da variabilidade biológica dos dados fisiológicos se sobrepõe a precisão mecânica dos ergômetros utilizados nestes testes. Conclui-se que os cicloergômetros calibrados estão adequados ao propósito de um projeto multicêntrico, porém os procedimentos experimentais que envolvem a variabilidade biológica ainda necessitam de padronização para tornar possível agrupar dados coletados nos diferentes Laboratórios / Abstract: In the Multicenter Exercise Physiology Project: cycle ergometer calibration phase a multiple kind cycle ergometer calibrator was developed. The exercise physiology laboratories comprising the multicenter project were from Faculty of Physical Education- UNICAMP, Department of Physical Therapy UFSCar and Department of internal medicine- USPRP. Its static calibration gave an accuracy of 0.85 W for cycle ergometer workload readout. An experimental setup for testing stability, resistance and robustness of cycles was carried out in three identical model cycle ergometers. The dynamical calibration was executed to provide the linear regression equation between actual and indicated workloads for 45, 60 and 77 rpm. The computed regressions slopes were 0.992, 0.991 and 0.977 respectively. Ergospirometric tests with 60 and 120 W of workload were applied to three volunteers for 10 min in each laboratory. Oxygen uptake, CO2 production, ventilation and heart rate were computed for steady state and their medians tested for statistical significance (P<0.05). The results were different for direct testing of variables, although their between exercise levels variations were equal. Though, the biological variability overlaps the mechanical accuracy of ergometers. In conclusion, the calibration procedure of ergometers allows the constitution of a multicenter project but biological variability associated with the ergospirometric tests needs standardization to permit the grouping of data from different Laboratories / Mestrado / Biodinamica do Movimento Humano / Mestre em Educação Física

The effects of moderate workload exercise at different pedal rates on circulatory and respiratory parameters were studied. Five subjects performed seven discontinuous constant-load cycle ergometer tests of 30 minutes duration at pedal rates of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 rpm. Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production were determined by standard open circuit spirometry, while heart rate was recorded by electrocardiograph. The CO₂ rebreathing procedure was administered during the exercise bout in order to determine cardiac output. Blood pressure was determined for each test, and total peripheral resistance was calculated. The findings indicate that progressive increases in pedal frequency during discontinuous constant-load cycle ergometry produce progressive increases in cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic responses and a decrease in gross exercise mechanical efficiency. The results indicate that oxygen uptake, cardiac output, heart rate, ventilation and arterial-venous oxygen difference increases curvilinearly as pedal rate increases, possibly as a result of increases in recruitment of muscle fibers and/or muscle groups. These findings suggest that circulatory and respiratory responses are due to "central command" which sets the basic efferent response pattern. However, this effector pattern is modulated by afferent input originating from the legs during progressive increases in pedal rate.

L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’étudier, selon une approche intégrative, les facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques influençant les performances mécaniques et neuromusculaires lors d’exercices de sprint de courte durée sur ergocycle. La première étude a examiné l’effet du genre et le type d’exercice sur la reproductibilité des indices de la relation force-vitesse sur ergocycle. Les résultats ont révélé que la reproductibilité de la relation force-vitesse était plus élevée chez les hommes et au niveau des membres inférieurs comparativement respectivement aux femmes et aux membres supérieurs. La deuxième étude a investigué l’effet de deux charges (8,7 et 11% de la masse corporelle, BM) sur la reproductibilité des indices de puissance mécanique au court d’un test de Wingate. Les résultats ont révélé une reproductibilité comparable entre les deux charges. Cependant, la puissance était plus élevée à 11% BM. La troisième étude a comparé les indices de puissance de la relation force-vitesse et du test de Wingate selon l’aptitude anaérobie des sujets. Les résultats ont montré que la puissance maximale était sous-estimée lors des tests de Wingate réalisés contre des charges non optimales (8,7% BM) notamment chez les sujets sportifs. La quatrième étude a exploré l’effet du contexte émotionnel sur la performance neuromusculaire lors d’exercices de sprints répétés. Les résultats ont révélé un effet positif du contexte plaisant comparativement au contexte déplaisant sur la performance neuromusculaire. Ces résultats suggèrent que la motivation extrinsèque affecte, via la valence émotionnelle (plaisir-déplaisir), la performance lors des exercices maximaux de courte durée. / The aim of the present work was to study, using an integrative approach, the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the mechanical and neuromuscular performances during sprint exercises on a cycle ergometer. The first study examined the effect of exercise and gender on the reliability of the mechanical measurements from the force-velocity tests. The results showed that the reliability of the force-velocity test was higher in men and lower limbs compared to women and upper limbs, respectively. The second study investigated the effect of two loads (8.7 and 11% of body mass, BM) on the reproducibility of mechanical power indices during a Wingate test. The results showed comparable reliability between the two loads. However, power output was significantly higher at 11% BM. The third study compared power indices computed from the force-velocity and Wingate tests among two groups of male subjects with different physical fitness. The results showed that the Wingate tests performed against non-optimal loads (8.7% BM) underestimated maximal power especially in powerful subjects. The fourth study investigated the effect of the emotional context on neuromuscular performance during repeated cycling sprints. The results revealed a positive effect of pleasant context on neuromuscular performance compared to the unpleasant context. These results suggest that extrinsic motivation affects via the emotional valence (pleasant-unpleasant) the performance during all-out exercises.

Physical fatigue impairs performance during high power, short duration activities. As technological developments permit new methods of measuring this effect, it is important to validate existing paradigms. The purpose was to determine if kinetic measurements from vertical jump (VJ) tests are influenced by fatigue based on explosive power outputs. A sample of athletes (9 men, 26 women) from a Division I NCAA sports program completed testing. To establish baseline VJ kinetics, athletes performed a controlled warm-up and then completed six jumps using Sparta Science technology, each separated by 15s rest. Sparta software computed three force outputs: Load, Explode and Drive. After baseline VJ calculation, performed an anaerobic fatigue protocol on a cycle ergometer: three 15s sprints separated by 10s rest. Max and average power were recorded from the cycle trials. Subjects then repeated the VJ protocol. This pattern was repeated until six sets of VJ were recorded. Repeated measures ANOVA tested differences between successive VJ performances. Male athletes were 20.8 ± 1.5years old, weighed 175.8 ± 14.0lbs, had a baseline VJ of 46.9 ± 3.6cm, Load of 53.6 ± 13.3, Explode of 49.4 ± 6.6, and Drive of 49.4 ± 11.9. Female athletes were 20.2 ± 1.2years old, weighed 142.3 ± 13.2lbs, had a baseline VJ of 32.7 ± 4.3cm, Load of 49.8 ± 46.1, Explode of 40.7 ± 8.0, and Drive of 63.1 ± 49.7. Differences between sex were weight (p <0.001), VJ (p <0.001), and Explode (p=0.006). ANOVA found VJ height to decrease between baseline and trial 2 (p <0.001), no difference between sex (p=0.210); and between trials 2 and 6 VJ height was consistent (p>0.400). Load was not affected by the fatigue protocol across the total sample (p=0.418) or by sex (p=0.239). Explode was not affected by fatigue across the sample (p=0.233) or by sex (p=0.406). Drive was affected by fatigue (p=0.040), decreasing in successive trials; no interaction with sex (p=0.742). VJ is more sensitive to fatigue than Sparta’s force plate calculations. An initial fatiguing insult was sufficient to compromise performance, whereas accumulated fatigue didn’t have an additive effect. Drive was the only force variable that was affected by fatigue.