Orientador: Paulo Eduardo Teixeira / Banca: Ana Silvia Volpi Scott / Banca: Andreas Hofbauer / Banca: Lídia Vianna Possas / Banca: José Pedro Toniosso / Resumo: O seguinte trabalho procura contribuir sobre os estudos do trabalho doméstico no Brasil, em especial, sobre sua realidade na cidade de Marília (SP). Após 70 anos de invisibilidade perante a Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas de 1943, a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional 72ª/2013 traz benefícios e direitos conquistados para empregadas domésticas, ainda muitas reivindicações são feitas para a categoria profissional, a situação revela o valor que este trabalho possui no país, relacionado à renda e seu caráter simbólico/cultural. Entretanto, a lei abre espaço para discutir outras questões relacionadas ao trabalho doméstico remunerado e sua relação com o passado. Como hipótese, levantamos o argumento de que sua construção social e cultural no passado escravista contribui para que estratificações sociais com base em quesitos como raça e classe, e principalmente gênero, possam esclarecer sobre marcadores sociais no presente. A pesquisa procurou analisar quais os benefícios e prejuízos deste argumento para entender o trabalho doméstico atualmente. Para tal feito, apresentamos os resultados do trabalho de campo realizado na cidade de Marília (SP), com empregadas e empregadores, assim como dados da bibliografia levantada da História e Antropologia. A intimidade com a família, o apego entre empregada e empregadores, a descaracterização da profissão enquanto trabalho e seu valor, são aspectos que os entrevistados apresentaram, como objetivos, procuramos identificar essa realidade do t... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / The following paper seeks to contribute to the study of domestic work in Brazil, especially its reality in Marília city (SP). After 70 years of invisibility before the Consolidation of Labor Laws in 1943, the enactment of Constitutional Amendment 72/2013 brings benefits and rights won for domestic servants, many demands are still made for the professional category, the situation reveals the value this work has in the country, related to income and its symbolic/cultural character. However, the law opens up a space to discuss other issues as paid domestic work and its relation to the past. Like a hypothesis, we raise the argument that its social and cultural construction in the slavery past contributes to the fact that social stratifications based on issues such as race and class, and especially gender, can clarify social markers in the present. The research sought to analyze the benefits and disadvantages of this argument to understand domestic work nowadays. For this purpose, we present the fieldwork results conducted in Marília city (SP), with employees and employers, as well as data from the bibliography raised from History and Anthropology. The intimacy with the family, the attachment between the employee and employers, the decharacterization of the profession as work and its value, are aspects that the interviewees presented, as objectives, we try to identify this reality of the domestic work in the present day and its relation with the past. / Mestre

As population increases, the number of water bodies meeting water quality standards tends to decrease. The 1972 Clean Water Act (CWA) addresses the issues of point and nonpoint source pollution by requiring states to compose lists of waters that do not meet water quality standards and develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) for those waters. This requirement of the CWA remained inactive until EPA and states suffered lawsuits from environmental groups and concerned citizens. The result prompted a flurry to develop TMDLs in compliance with consent decrees. A variety of methods and models serve as tools to calculate existing loads, load reductions and allocations. The purpose of this study is threefold 1) to examine two methods of TMDL development, Flow Duration (FD) used in Kansas and Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) used in Virginia; 2) to compare results of both methods in the same watershed of Virginia; and, 3) to evaluate stakeholder involvement in the TMDL process. A variety of stakeholders such as agencies, towns and industry, agribusiness, and concerned citizen/environmentalists are faced with meeting TMDL reductions and allocations. It is important that the TMDL process and implications are understood by all stakeholders. / Master of Public and International Affairs

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This diploma thesis "Rise and Evolution of Online Journalism in the Czech Republic in Case of Online Daily iDnes.cz" considers an important and interesting period of Czech journalism after 1989. Specifically, it focuses on the origins of online daily iDnes and tries to describe history of Czech internet journalism on this example. The main attention is focusing principally on the first stage of daily's history: stage of planning (nine months in 1997), which is characterised with disbelief of publishing company Mafra and very cautious attitude to the plan, and first two years, which are very unusual for starting a professional medium. The authors of the plan intended from the beginning to work with the specific possibilities of hypertext space of the internet. But they had to count with a low budget and only two editors. Only two months were enough to see that internet daily can act as an independent part of the publishing company. The readers of early Czech internet used to visit the new site and iDnes became the most visited internet daily in 1999. Among others they appreciated use of new journalistic genres specific for internet space. For example: online interview and online report. Daily had also possibility to update texts - react to a progression of a situation. This diploma thesis also...

<p>African American adolescents have historically been considered at low risk for substance use relative to the White adolescent majority based on national prevalence estimates. However, during the last decade, African American adolescents’ rates of marijuana use—alone and in combination with other substances—have increased disproportionately relative to those of their White peers. Given the strong relationship between marijuana use and other substance use and the functional consequences associated with concurrent substance use during adolescence, the increase in marijuana use among African American youth may contribute to increased substance-related health disparities across the lifespan. Thus, the current study examined daily associations between marijuana use and other substance use among African American adolescents relative to their White peers. It also examined whether those associations differentially predicted behavioral health consequences among African American adolescents. Participants (N = 35; 42.9% African American) were adolescents age 14-18 who reported past 30-day use of marijuana, alcohol, and/or tobacco products. Respondents completed daily diaries reporting their substance use for 14 consecutive days, followed by self-report measures of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and substance use problems. Multilevel regression and structural equation models were used to account for the nesting of days within individuals. Participants completed 458 diaries for a completion rate of 93.5%. African American respondents reported greater daily- and individual-level rates of marijuana use and concurrent substance use than White respondents. However, in multilevel models controlling for demographics, marijuana use was not related to concurrent use of alcohol and/or tobacco use and this relationship did not vary by race. Racial differences in the relationship between concurrent substance use and behavioral health consequences were observed such that the relationship was positive among White youth but not African American youth. Findings suggest that African American youth are at high risk for engagement in problematic patterns of substance use but that daily diary methods may not be most appropriate for illuminating these patterns. Despite these unexpected results, disparities in substance-related consequences among African Americans adults persist. Future research should examine long-term rather than proximal consequences of concurrent substance use among African American adolescents.</p><br>

Findings on the relationship between engagement in lifestyle and cognitive functioning are not consistent; some authors report that engagement in lifestyle predicts an individual's cognitive functioning; while other report that an individual's cognitive functioning predicts the type and level of engagement an individual participates in. The current study will use longitudinal data (N = 235) to investigate the bidirectional relationship between engagement (engaged lifestyle activities) and cognition (crystallized & fluid intelligence). Despite inconsistent findings it is proposed that cognitive functioning may be better understood when examining how stimulation of activity, need for cognition, and openness to experience affect engagement in an active lifestyle. As such the current study will investigate if stimulation of activity, need for cognition, and openness to experience moderate the relationship between engaged lifestyles and cognitive functioning. The results, limitations and implications are discussed.

I conducted a study among the middle school students to examinetheir attitudes to school mathematics both inside and outside of the classroom. Also, I have examined teachers’ perceptions of how everyday math examples can be integrated into the classroom experience. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of using everyday mathematics in teaching and how this will contribute to a further development of students' ability to think mathematically in different contexts. Parallels between prior research efforts and my study “The art of thinking mathematically - School mathematics in everyday life”are drawn by using qualitative analysis techniques such as the organized empirical data based on student survey questionnaire and teacher interviews. The theoretical perspectives utilized in the study are about the pragmatic perspective and its centralized concepts emphasizing continuity, experience, and interaction. The socio-cultural perspective sheds light on interaction between people and perceptions of themselves and others. Within a broader context I will address the proximal developmental zone (ZPD) by Vygotsky, scaffolding and mediating as those concepts apply to the aforementioned issues. In conclusion I will provide what advantages and disadvantages do teachers and students experience in linking everyday mathematics to the school mathematics.  I will give also approaches for teachers and suggestions for further research and investigation.

This study was concerned with the subject-matter content and source of photographs at three small-city and three metropolitan Texas newspapers. An analysis was conducted over a fourteen-day period at six daily newspapers: The Dallas Morning News, The Fort Worth Star-Telegram, The Houston Chronicle, The Sherman Democrat, The Paris News, and The Midland Reporter-Telegram.

The aim of the study was to highlight children's sleep, mainly how long children sleep at preschool but also how long their total daily rest period is. Furthermore, we examine the collaboration between guardians and educators regarding children's sleep. What we wondered was whether sleep could create a conflict between guardians and educators. The questionx that we posed were: What does children's daytime napping looks like at preschool? How do the educators treat the parents regarding the length of time that the children are allowed to sleep during the naptime? What does the knowledge of children's sleep looks like? The method we have used to collect information is a survey; one for educators who are active with the preschool's youngest children and the other for guardians with children between one to three years old. During our study we have used phenomenographic theory and analytical methods; we have also had a social constructivist approach. The answers we received during our survey shows that there is a lack of knowledge about children's sleeping needs among many of the educators and guardians. Knowledge varies and many people believe that they know what is best for the individual child, which we will explore in our analysis and results section.

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