Aerobic exercise training is used for rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although it has little effect on muscle weakness and atrophy. Resistance training may be a useful addition to aerobic programs for these patients. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training in addition to aerobic training on functional outcomes in patients with COPD. Seventeen COPD patients enrolled in an aerobic-based program that met twice a week were assigned to a 12-week control/aerobic [CON: n=8; 63 (8) years; mean (SD)] or a resistance/aerobic group [RES: n=9; 61 (7) years]. RES trained an additional twice a week on 12 resistance machines, performing three sets of 8-12 repetitions at 32-64% of their one-repetition maximum (1-RM) lifts. RES (P<0.05) increased upper (36%) and lower (36%) body strength, as well as lean body mass (5%), while CON showed little to no change. The 12-min walk distance increased (P<0.05) in only the RES [676 (219) to 875 (172) m]. Measurements of three of the eight tasks of activities of daily living improved in RES (P<0.05) compared to CON. This study demonstrated that progressive resistance training was well tolerated and improved functional outcomes in COPD patients that were currently involved in an aerobic training program.

The current National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) dry matter intake (DMI) prediction models are inadequate for DMI prediction of beef cattle in the Northern Great Plains. Four studies were conducted to account for additional variation in DMI and average daily gain (ADG) caused by weather variables. Experiment 1 and 2 had 13,895 steer-weeks observations, experiment 3 had 13,739 steer-weeks observations, and experiment 4 had 2,161 cow-weeks observations, respectively. Experiment 1 examined the influence of ambient temperature and solar radiation on DMI of beef steers. In experiment 2, 3, and 4, we examined the influence of ambient temperature, range of temperature, dew point, solar radiation, wind speed and their lags (two-week lag and monthly lag) on DMI of beef steers, ADG of beef steers, and DMI of beef cows, respectively. After adjusting for week of the year, linear and quadratic relationships of predictor variables on response variables were evaluated. In experiment 1 and 2, body weight (BW) had both linear and quadratic relationship with DMI of steers. In experiment 3 and 4, BW had a linear relationship with ADG of steers and DMI of cows, respectively. Week of the year, BW, and dietary energy density (NEm) were accounted for in the base model in experiment 1, 2 and 4 while in experiment 3, DMI was also accounted for. For the models, stepwise regression procedure was utilized. In experiment 1, ambient temperature and solar radiation interacted (P = 0.0001) and accounted for additional variation in DMI of beef steers. In experiment 2, weather variables and their interactions (P = 0.0001) accounted for additional variation in DMI of beef steers. In experiment 3, weather variables (P = 0.0001) accounted for additional variation in ADG of beef steers. In experiment 4, wind speed interacted (P <0.001) with ambient temperature and range of temperature which all accounted for additional variation in DMI of beef cows. These studies show that weather variables interact and cause variation in DMI and ADG in beef cattle. This has helped in better understanding the relationship between weather variables with DMI and ADG. This will improve the accuracy of DMI and ADG prediction equations and help beef cattle producers in managing their feed resources more efficiently.

Crime and weather are common topics of conversation, but rarely simultaneously. Criminological research has investigated the two and found that there is a connection. However, this nature of the association varies depending on geography and type of crime. The current study used official crime records and public weather data to investigate the relationship between weather, in the form of temperature and precipitation, and daily crime rates of seven crime types in Malmö, Sweden from 2010 to 2015. Negative binomial regression analyses were run and controlled for a range of temporal and seasonally recurring variables to find the unique contribution of weather. The results showed that rates of assault, bicycle theft, street robbery, and vandalism increased with increasing temperature, and that rates of assault, bicycle theft and arson decreased with the presence of precipitation. Implications for theory are that environmental factors should not be overlooked in explanations of criminal behavior. As for policy implications, the results can aid crime prevention agencies in understanding how crime patterns fluctuate which in turn informs their decision-making relating to prioritization of distribution of resources.

No description available.

The Western Cape population of Blue Cranes (Anthropoides paradiseus) is the largest and most stable population for the species. The population is primarily threatened by high mortality due to collisions with power-lines and the development of wind farms. Yet, little is known about how this population uses the agricultural landscape and their movements. Thirteen Blue Cranes were fitted with trackers to collect Global Position System data and tracked for 3 – 18 months in the Overberg region of the Western Cape. With the provided spatial-temporal information, I estimated the home range size, daily flight distances, and distance travelled throughout the day of breeding and non-breeding cranes to determine whether the breeding status/season influences their ranging behaviour. There was no significant difference of the home range size between breeding cranes and non-breeding cranes (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference of the home range size of breeding cranes between their seasons (p > 0.05). Breeding cranes travelled significantly shorter daily flight distances than non-breeding cranes (p < 0.05). Breeding cranes also travelled significantly shorter daily distances during the breeding season than the non-breeding season (p < 0.01). All cranes, regardless of breeding status or season, travelled further distances in the morning, decreasing distance during the midday and early afternoon with an increase in the late afternoon. Breeding cranes travelled shorter distances throughout the day than non-breeding cranes during the breeding season (p < 0.001). Lastly, breeding cranes travelled significantly shorter distances throughout the day in the breeding season than the non-breeding season (p < 0.001). From this study the results suggest that factors other than breeding status influence the ranging behaviour of these cranes. Factors such as the availability of roost and forage sites, the agricultural landscape of the Overberg and the presence of other Blue Cranes could also affect ranging behaviour. Although this study does not give clear guidelines on the movement of the population, it establishes a baseline for further studies into factors that affect their ranging behaviour and can still be used to aid in conservation strategies for the species. Future studies should focus on recording their time budgets, including overnight GPS fixes and assessing ranging behaviour over multiple years.

No description available.

During 2007 – 2015, a total of 2,359 tornado watches were issued by the Storm Prediction Center and 10,840 tornadoes were confirmed. The objective of the first part of this study analyzed the accuracy of tornado watches for the nine-year period of 2007 – 2015. In addition to accuracy, fatalities, lead times, valid watch times, and areas were calculated for each tornado watch. 58.80% of the tornado watches had at least one tornado inside the tornado watch and 27.43% had at least one tornado outside the tornado watch. Of the 10,840 tornadoes, 56.70% were inside a tornado watch, 9.69% were outside a tornado watch, and 33.62% occurred when there was no tornado watch in effect. The average valid time for a tornado watch was 6 hours and 50 minutes and the average lead time for a tornado was 2 hours and 8 minutes. The second objective utilized a survey to determine participant knowledge and better understand “watch severity response”. A majority of the survey respondents accurately identified the difference between a tornado watch and a tornado warning. Most of the respondents described their weather knowledge as ‘moderately knowledgeable,’ ‘very knowledgeable,’ or ‘slightly knowledgeable.’ TV meteorologists, the NWS, and weather apps are the most common sources for daily weather information and information regarding a tornado watch. 81.63% of the respondents correctly identified if they were under a tornado watch during 2016. As the severity of the watch or the length of the activity increased, the likelihood of the respondent continuing the activity decreased. 38.87%, 54.76%, and 79.18% of the respondents ‘probably would not’ or ‘definitely would not’ continue an activity, lasting any duration, during a severe thunderstorm watch, a tornado watch, or a PDS tornado watch, respectively. The final objective attempts to categorize simple economic response to various watch severity types. The percent of respondents who would not continue an activity, based on the severity of the watch, was applied to a variety of watches that occurred during 2016. The economic loss associated with a watch ranged from $498,332.15 – $107,126,919.19.

Bakgrund: Stroke är ett samlingsnamn på de symtom som uppstår när hjärnans nervvävnad skadas på grund av hämmad syretillförsel. Stroke kan påverka vilken funktion som helst i hjärnan, vilket leder till fysiska och kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar. En av de vanligaste konsekvenserna efter stroke är fatigue. Syfte: Att undersöka hur fatigue som konsekvens av stroke påverkar individens dagliga liv. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie där tio stycken vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats använts och kvalitetsgranskats utifrån SBU´s granskningsmall för kvalitativa studier. Resultat: Att leva med post stroke fatigue innebär en förändring i det dagliga livet. Individerna tvingas avstå helt eller göra större förändringar i aktiviteter som tillhör vardagen. Att vara beroende av andras hjälp och att inte kunna möta de krav som ställs på individerna medför både skuldkänslor och försämrat självförtroende. Slutsats: Det finns starkt vetenskapligt stöd för att post stroke fatigue har inverkan på arbetsliv, det sociala livet, aktiviteter och synen på identitet och självbild.Nyckelord: Dagligt liv, Fatigue, Stroke / Background: Stroke is a disease that affects the arteries leading to and within the brain and occurs when the tissue of the brain doesn´t get oxygen enough. Stroke can have an impact on any of the functions of the brain, leading to both physical and cognitive deficits. One of the most frequent consequences after stroke is fatigue. Aim: To explore how fatigue as a post stroke condition impacts on the daily life of the individual. Method: A systematic literature review where ten qualitative scientific articles have been examined and reviewed according to the template for qualitative research by SBU. Results: Living with post stroke fatigue means making several changes in activities of daily living or completely having to give up on the activity. To be dependent on others causes a negative effect on self-confidence and feelings of guilt. Conclusion: Strong evidence supports that fatigue has impact on daily life in terms of occupational performance, activities of daily living, social life and self-confidence. Keywords: Daily life, Fatigue, Stroke

No description available.

Denna studie har gjorts för att se hur personal på daglig verksamhet uppfattar sitt eget bemötande och hur de arbetar med att ge ett bra bemötande. Den forsknings som finns är begränsad, speciellt inom det valda området och det finns en gemensam medvetenhet hos forskarna att det finns en bemötandeproblematik. En medvetenhet hos forskarna att det behövs mer utbildning som handlar om kommunikation och bemötande. Metoden som har använts i denna studie är en kvalitativ metod med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Den personal som deltog i studien arbetade inom kommunalt eller på privatägd daglig verksamhet runt om i sydvästra Skåne. Personalen fick möjligheten att reflektera över sitt bemötande och det fanns en medvetenhet i när ett dåligt bemötande gavs och detta såg personalen som en del av en process. De såg sitt bemötande av brukarna som viktigt och betydelsefullt och för att stärka brukarnas empowerment bemöter personalen dem med respekt genom att skapa tillit och trygghet hos brukarna. Det som studien kom fram till var att personalen hade en medvetenhet inom sitt eget bemötande och att utbildning var en viktig del av att skapa sig kunskap och erfarenheter inom bemötande och kommunikation. Personalen hade även en förförståelse i hur kommunikation och attityder hörde ihop med bemötandet och hur de kunde förbättra sitt bemötande genom att reflektera och diskutera med sina medarbetare. / This study has been done to see how the staff in daily activity centers experience their interaction and how they are working to provide a good response. There is a limited amount of studies in the chosen field and there is a common awareness among scientists that an attitude problem exists. There is an awareness of the fact that it needs more education about communication and interaction. The study was carried out with a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews. The staff who participated in the study worked in privately owned or publicly managed daily activity centers across the southwest of Skåne. By having the staff reflect on their approach and how they interacted, it raised an awareness of when a less than ideal interaction had occurred and this was seen as a part of the process. They saw their interaction with the users as important and significant. To facilitate empowerment to the user, the staff treats the users with respect. This helps build up a sense of trust and security between them.The conclusion of the study was that staff members were aware of their own interaction with their users and that education was an important part of creating knowledge and experience in interaction and communication. The staff also had an understanding of how communication and attitudes belonged to the interaction and how they could improve their approach by reflecting and discussing it with their fellow staff members.