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Adiyaman region is situated within SE Anatolian Fold and Thrust Belt which is a part of Alpine-Himalayan Mountain Belt system. The Belt is evolved as Eurasian plate and Arabian plate amalgamates in SE Anatolia. There are two main contractional deformational periods, Late Cretaceous and Late Miocene, which are followed by a strike slip deformation, during post-Late Miocene characterizing the tectonics of SE Anatolia. Series of folds and thrusts have a trend of almost ENE-WSW direction. The analysis on bedding planes and folds shows around N70E trend. On the other hand, two overthrusts that are closely linked to the folds and a sinistral strike-slip fault with reverse component are differentiated. The overthrust belt with ENE-WSW trend bounds the study area from north with a vergence from north to south and situated on top of folded upper Miocene sequences. Another overthrust and a cross-cutting strike slip fault with reverse component &ndash / Adiyaman Fault- form a &ldquo / pop-up&rdquo / structure (positive flower structure) which is characteristic for in a transpressional regimes manifested in geological cross-sections done from borehole correlations and seismic sections. To conclude, by combining the surface (field data) and subsurface data (seismic and borehole data), the Alidag anticlinal structure that is formed along the Adiyaman Fault are developed after the Late Miocene under transpressional regime.

Ternary chalcopyrite compound semiconductors have received much attention as the absorbing layers in the polycrystalline thin film solar cell structures. Most widely used one is CuInSe2 and CuInGaSe2 structures, but there are some diffusion problems with copper atoms in the structure. On the other hand, AgInSe2 is promising material with several advantages over the CuInSe2. The aim of this study was to investigate and optimize the production and post-production methods of the Ag-In-Se thin film based heterostructure devices. In this study Ag-In-Se thin films were deposited on glass, ITO coated glass and Si wafer substrates by thermal evaporation and RF/DC sputtering methods. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the devices were investigated. The XRD measurements of the thermally evaporated films showed that as-grown films in amorphous nature. By annealing the films under nitrogen atmosphere, the AIS films turn to polycrystalline structure which including AgIn5Se8 and &amp / #948 / &amp / #8722 / In2Se3 multi-phases with n-type conductivity. p-Si/n-AIS heterojunctions showed very good diode behavior with 4 order rectification factor. Annealing under nitrogen atmosphere decreased the series resistance of the devices and calculated solar cell conversion efficiency and fill factor of devices increased up to n=2.6% and FF=63, respectively. The XRD measurements of layer-by-layer sputtered AIS films were showed that as-grown films amorphous in nature. The AIS thin films were annealed at 300oC temperature under selenium ambient and mono-phase AgInSe2 with desired p-type conductivity were obtained. n-Si/p-AIS heterojunctions showed very good diode behaviors with 6 order rectification factor. The results of the study showed that AIS thin film has a photoresponce maximum which is exactly matching with solar photon energy maxima. High series resistance of the devices increases the recombination in the junction and this results in the lower solar conversion efficiency. The adequate electrical, optical and structural properties of the AIS thin films reveals that p-AIS thin films could be used as a solar cell absorber layer with an appropriate window layer, such as CdS.

Ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization dynamic reaction cellTM inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (USS-ETV-DRC-ICP-MS) has been applied to the determination of As and Se in soil and sediment samples. The influences of instrument operating conditions and slurry preparation on the ion signals were reported. Ascorbic acid and Pd were used as the modifiers to enhance the ion signals. The background ions at the selenium masses were reduced in intensity significantly by using 1.5 ml min-1 H2 as reaction cell gas in the DRC while a q value of 0.65 was used. Since the sensitivities of As and Se in slurry solution and aqueous solution were quite different, standard addition method was used for the determination of As and Se in these samples. This method has been applied to the determination of As and Se in NIST SRM 2711 Montana soil and SRM 2709 San Joaquin soil reference materials and NRCC BCSS-1 marine sediment reference sample. The analysis results of the reference materials were agreed with the certified values. The method detection limits estimated from standard addition curves were about 0.046-0.082 and 0.019-0.024 mg g-1 for As and Se, respectively, in original soil and sediment samples.

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<p>Efter 30 år av diskussioner och förhandlingar lyckades ministrarna inom Europeiska unionens råd, också kallad ministerrådet, rösta igenom en förordning som kom att reglera en ny företagsform, SE-bolag. Den ursprungliga tanken med en att ha en gemensam bolagsform var att den skulle lyda under gemensamma EU-regler. Ambitionen kom att bli overklig då harmoniseringen inom EU inte hade tagit den form som krävdes för att förverkliga detta, vilket den fortfarande inte har gjort. I stället lämnades kompletterande bestämmelser åt medlemsstaterna för att behandla SE-bolag som nationella publika aktiebolag</p><p>Samtidigt som SE-bolagens stadga utvecklades så gjorde också bestämmelserna om arbetstagarinflytande det. Det publicerades ett direktiv gällande arbetstagarinflytandet som blev implementerat i flertalet medlemsstater.</p><p>Utvecklingen har idag kommit så långt att det finns 510 etablerade SE-bolag inom EU. Majoriteten av dessa bolag finns etablerade i Tjeckien och Tyskland. Det finns många drivande faktorer som har orsakat den ojämna fördelningen av bolagens etablering. Dessa faktorer påverkas inte minst av medlemsstaternas ekonomier.</p><p>Den europeiska statusen, implementeringen av arbetstagarinflytande och skatterättsliga bestämmelser är bara ett par av de befintliga faktorerna som är avgörande för SE-bolag vid val av stat för etablering.</p><p>Dessutom har det under de senaste åren utvecklats en ny trend inom SE-bolagen, nämligen SE-dotterbolag, även kallad SE-skalbolag, som är inaktiva men redo för försäljning till potentiella köpare. Anledningen till denna trend har delvis blivit utredd i uppsatsen och resultatet blir att det enligt doktrin finns två anledningar till utvecklingen, nämligen bestämmelserna om arbetstagarinflytandet men också det långa registreringsförfarandet för ett SE-bolag.</p><p>Uppsatsen kommer att behandla SE-bolagen syfte, etablering och utveckling, en avslutande diskussion kommer att föras kring SE-bolagens framtid.</p>

<p>This thesis intends to analyze and clarify the legal position regarding abuse of a dominant position and particularly tying practices. The practice is central within European competition law and has been highly discussed in literature recently. In Article 102 TFEU it is explicitly stated that supplementary obligations which have no connection with the subject of such contracts, shall be considered as a way of abusing a position of strength. Although the method is often reasonable and very common within many business areas, it might be pursued as a tactic of excluding competition. The General Court’s decision in <em>Microsoft </em>led to some confusion as regards to the European approach towards tying practices. Prior to that judgment, the EU Courts appeared quite negative to the practice and seemed determined that the practice was in fact anticompetitive. For an example, in <em>Hilti </em>the Court found it sufficient that the company had deprived its costumers of a choice. The effects on competition were not analyzed in great detail and in most cases the EU Courts fined the undertaking involved in such business methods. However, in <em>Microsoft </em>the General Court took a new approach and focused on the actual effects that followed from the practice. Many argues that European competition law has moved from a <em>per se </em>approach to a <em>rule of reason</em> approach. In my opinion however, it seems relatively unclear whether or not this new approach shall apply to all versions of tying or if it was applied due to the certain circumstances involved in <em>Microsoft</em>. The tying practice involved a form of technical tying, i.e. an integration of two distinctive products. Cases prior to <em>Microsoft </em>mostly concerned a form of contractual tying and were treated very differently by the EU Courts. My opinion on the matter is therefore that it is not possible to declare a clear legal position regarding the practice of tying. There is a need for new judgments and official guidelines since the current situation deprives companies of legal security as concerns the practice of tying within European competition law.</p>

This work investigates a series of phenomena that shed light on the analysis of attitudes de se. We adopt Lewis’ (1979) proposal that attitudes de se involve self-ascription of a property, and investigate how this view of mental content is reflected in natural language. The implementation favored is a strong version of Lewis’ position: root and embedded clauses are uniformly treated as being of property type. Our approach elaborates Chierchia’s (1990) view that de se construals arise via binding by an abstraction operator in the clausal left periphery. Part I develops an argument that such operators occur in root as well as embedded clauses. This is contrasted with the view that the evaluation index incorporates an individual parameter, a prominent version of which treats the behavior of predicates of taste such as tasty as evidence that truth is relativized to individuals (Lasersohn, 2005; Stephenson, 2007a, 2007b). Chapter 2 argues against this view, defending a semantics for taste predicates that requires no appeal to an individual parameter. Chapter 3 employs an argument from Moore’s Paradox to motivate the proposal that root clauses bear individual abstractors in their left periphery, while Chapter 4 identifies phenomena that the system accounts for. Part II concerns two elements whose distribution is confined to embedded clauses: controlled PRO and the logophoric pronoun in the Niger-Congo language Ewe. Chapters 5 and 6 investigate the semantics of partial control, a variety of control where the controller denotes a proper subset of the understood subject. The view that control complements express properties lends itself to a principled account of which predicates license partial control. Chapter 7 presents novel data regarding the logophoric pronoun in Ewe. We show that, contrary to what had been assumed in the absence of the necessary fieldwork, Ewe logopohors are not obligatorily de se. We propose an account of this finding that is compatible with the implementation of the property view that we favor. Chapter 8 closes the dissertation by considering why it should be that certain expressions, such as PRO, are obligatorily de se while others, like the Ewe logophor, can be de re. / Linguistics

This thesis intends to analyze and clarify the legal position regarding abuse of a dominant position and particularly tying practices. The practice is central within European competition law and has been highly discussed in literature recently. In Article 102 TFEU it is explicitly stated that supplementary obligations which have no connection with the subject of such contracts, shall be considered as a way of abusing a position of strength. Although the method is often reasonable and very common within many business areas, it might be pursued as a tactic of excluding competition. The General Court’s decision in Microsoft led to some confusion as regards to the European approach towards tying practices. Prior to that judgment, the EU Courts appeared quite negative to the practice and seemed determined that the practice was in fact anticompetitive. For an example, in Hilti the Court found it sufficient that the company had deprived its costumers of a choice. The effects on competition were not analyzed in great detail and in most cases the EU Courts fined the undertaking involved in such business methods. However, in Microsoft the General Court took a new approach and focused on the actual effects that followed from the practice. Many argues that European competition law has moved from a per se approach to a rule of reason approach. In my opinion however, it seems relatively unclear whether or not this new approach shall apply to all versions of tying or if it was applied due to the certain circumstances involved in Microsoft. The tying practice involved a form of technical tying, i.e. an integration of two distinctive products. Cases prior to Microsoft mostly concerned a form of contractual tying and were treated very differently by the EU Courts. My opinion on the matter is therefore that it is not possible to declare a clear legal position regarding the practice of tying. There is a need for new judgments and official guidelines since the current situation deprives companies of legal security as concerns the practice of tying within European competition law.

Efter 30 år av diskussioner och förhandlingar lyckades ministrarna inom Europeiska unionens råd, också kallad ministerrådet, rösta igenom en förordning som kom att reglera en ny företagsform, SE-bolag. Den ursprungliga tanken med en att ha en gemensam bolagsform var att den skulle lyda under gemensamma EU-regler. Ambitionen kom att bli overklig då harmoniseringen inom EU inte hade tagit den form som krävdes för att förverkliga detta, vilket den fortfarande inte har gjort. I stället lämnades kompletterande bestämmelser åt medlemsstaterna för att behandla SE-bolag som nationella publika aktiebolag Samtidigt som SE-bolagens stadga utvecklades så gjorde också bestämmelserna om arbetstagarinflytande det. Det publicerades ett direktiv gällande arbetstagarinflytandet som blev implementerat i flertalet medlemsstater. Utvecklingen har idag kommit så långt att det finns 510 etablerade SE-bolag inom EU. Majoriteten av dessa bolag finns etablerade i Tjeckien och Tyskland. Det finns många drivande faktorer som har orsakat den ojämna fördelningen av bolagens etablering. Dessa faktorer påverkas inte minst av medlemsstaternas ekonomier. Den europeiska statusen, implementeringen av arbetstagarinflytande och skatterättsliga bestämmelser är bara ett par av de befintliga faktorerna som är avgörande för SE-bolag vid val av stat för etablering. Dessutom har det under de senaste åren utvecklats en ny trend inom SE-bolagen, nämligen SE-dotterbolag, även kallad SE-skalbolag, som är inaktiva men redo för försäljning till potentiella köpare. Anledningen till denna trend har delvis blivit utredd i uppsatsen och resultatet blir att det enligt doktrin finns två anledningar till utvecklingen, nämligen bestämmelserna om arbetstagarinflytandet men också det långa registreringsförfarandet för ett SE-bolag. Uppsatsen kommer att behandla SE-bolagen syfte, etablering och utveckling, en avslutande diskussion kommer att föras kring SE-bolagens framtid.