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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Daňová podpora výzkumu a vývoje / The research and development tax incentive

Soukup, Petr January 2014 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate research and development tax incentives in the Czech Republic since the introduction of the research and development deduction into the current legislation. The subject of this work is a comparison of tax incentives in selected countries, the form of research and development tax incentives in the Czech Republic with regard to legislative sources and analysis of indirect support in the Czech Republic. Most of the selected countries support research and development indirectly through tax credit or deduction of eligible costs. Indirect support through deduction of research and development costs is implemented in section 34(4) of the Czech Republic Income Tax Act and is valid since 2005. The growth of indirect support and its dependence on the research and development spending shows the regression analysis presented in the conclusion.
62

Efektivnost odpočtu úroků z úvěrů na bydlení / Efficiency of deduction of interest on housing loans

Korandová, Anna January 2014 (has links)
The diploma thesis is dedicated the indirect tax aid in housing policy, which is represented mainly by subtracting the interest paid on housing loans from the tax base on personal income. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the effect of deduction of interest on loans to the financing on housing on the size of tax obligations the fictitious taxpayers. The partial objective is to find out the awareness of individuals about the tax deduction of interest on loans and its use.
63

Religionsundervisningen i svenska skolor : En kvalitativ studie om hur tre religionslärare bedriver och reflekterar över sina läromedelsval i religionsundervisningen

Oygun, Maria January 2019 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to examine what teaching materials is being used by three middle school teachers when they teach the subject religion, and how the materials are used. Furthermore, the purpose is to examine the three teachers’ perceptions regarding the teaching materials that are being used the most. To do this, the aim is to answer the following questions: What teaching materials do the teachers’ use when they teach religion, and how they are used? What perceptions do teachers have about the teaching materials they use the most? The method used for this study is qualitative observations and interviews with three teachers of religion in three different schools. The analysis is based on a theoretical framework with different theoretical perspectives. Induction, deduction and abduction was used to analyze the observations, and a didactic question named the communication question presented by Sven Hartman (2011) is visible through all observations. Tendentious selection, stereotypical conceptions, the religion of elite and the religion of the people was used to analyze the interviews. The study has led to the conclusion that the analysis of the observations and interviews revealed a pattern of textbook dominance. However, one teacher stood out from the common pattern in the observations, as the teacher used both the textbook and discussions equally in her teaching. The interviews showed that the teachers find more advantages than disadvantages of the textbook. The disadvantages they see with the textbook is not that it mediates stereotypical conceptions or contains a tendentious selection.
64

Detektiv, který se zmýlil ve své vlastní metodě / The Detective Who Misled in His Own Method

Knorková, Marie January 2015 (has links)
In this thesis I analyze detective Sherlock Holmes method based on the semiotics of Ch. S. Peirce. I would like to show that although Holmes detective about his method claim that it is deductive, in-depth analysis shows that this method is far more complex and involves induction and abduction, and that each of these methods has its own importance in the detective's reasoning. The work is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the Sherlock Holmes detective in terms of logical methods. The second part is focused on methods of reasoning by Ch. S. Peirce emphasizing abduction, a hypothesis. The third part is practical and includes analysis of the process of detective Sherlock Holmes based on the thesis of Ch. S. Peirce, as outlined in the second part.`
65

News from the pragmatics classroom: Contrasting the inductive and the deductive approach in the teaching of pragmatic competence

Glaser, Karen 04 June 2018 (has links)
While the role of pragmatic skills in a foreign or second language has been receiving increased attention both from a research and a language teaching perspective, there is still a lamentable scarcity of systematic empirical studies into the effectiveness of instructional methods in the teaching of pragmatics. Addressing this research gap, this article reports about a quasi-experimental study into possible differences between an explicit-inductive and an explicitdeductive instructional approach in the teaching of pragmatic skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL), more specifically the teaching of offer refusals to 49 advanced adult EFL learners in Germany. The instruction consisted of three 90-minute lessons, which were spread out over the duration of a 15-week academic semester and designed according to the deductive principle and the inductive principle, respectively. While the deductive group was provided with metapragmatic rules directly at the beginning of the instruction, the inductive group only encountered such rules after engaging in language use and guided discovery. Production data was elicited by means of DCTs and role play in a pretest-posttest format. Effectiveness of instruction was operationalized by means of two indicators: Indicator 1 measured the increased usage of the strategies taught in class, while indicator 2 measured the approximation to a native speaker target. The results indicate that the gains in the inductive group surpassed those in the deductive group, suggesting that when situated within the explicit framework, inductive instruction is more effective in the teaching of pragmatic skills.
66

El impacto de los servicios de publicidad que brindan los influencers en la determinación del impuesto a la renta de las empresas del sector Retail, Lima, 2019

Allca Graos, Marilin Eyleng, Vásquez Cahua , Carla Pierina 24 May 2020 (has links)
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene el propósito de evaluar y cuantificar el impacto de los servicios de publicidad que brindan los influencers, a través de redes sociales, en la determinación del impuesto a la renta de las empresas del sector Retail que contratan sus servicios. Esta investigación se realiza debido a la presencia y el alcance que tienen actualmente las redes sociales en el público objetivo, y a la posición, cada vez más frecuente, que vienen adquiriendo las empresas Retail en contratar este tipo de servicios para su publicidad, a su vez que la inversión que se realiza con este propósito es, y tiende a seguir siendo, material. Las empresas objeto de este estudio son las del sector Retail, específicamente las principales empresas que contratan influencers para servicios de publicidad a través de sus redes sociales. Se tomó como premisa relevante, la existencia de lineamientos tributarios que rigen las deducciones aplicables sobre gastos realizados por conceptos de publicidad, los cuales deben ser cumplidos por las empresas en la adquisición de estos servicios brindados por las personas mencionadas anteriormente. Otro aspecto importante considerado es el hecho de que un tratamiento incorrecto realizado por las empresas en cuanto a servicios de publicidad a través de redes sociales puede generar distorsión en el registro y cálculo de los movimientos contables, y con ello, el reparo tributario. Para validar las hipótesis planteadas, se hizo uso de instrumentos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Por un lado, se realizó una entrevista a profundidad a expertos en tributación: el primero es miembro de la firma Ernst & Young (EY) y el segundo forma parte del Grupo Elektra Perú; por otro lado, se realizaron encuestas a las principales empresas del sector retail que contratan influencers para servicios de publicidad. Además, se presenta un caso práctico en el que se plantean tres (3) escenarios, en los cuales se realizan simulaciones de contrataciones de influencers para servicios publicitarios en dos campañas anuales, esto permitirá evaluar el impacto obtenido en el cálculo del impuesto a la renta / The present investigation project seeks of evaluating and quantifying the impact of the advertisement services provided by influencers via social media in the determination on income taxation of retail’s companies that hire their services. This investigation project is done due to the presence and scope that social networks are currently have in the target audience, and the investment made by companies can be significantly important. This investigation is based on the retail sector, specifically in main companies that hire influencers for advertisement service through their social networks. We consider as relevant subject that retail sector companies take consider necessary requirements according to the tax guidelines to be able to deduct the expenses through by influencers advertising. Also, the incorrect tax treatment that the companies do for these services generates a distortion in the registration and calculation of the accounting entries and with it the tax reparation. To validate our hypotheses, we have used qualitative and quantitative instruments. On the one hand, has been made deep interviews with tax experts, the first is a member of the firm Ernst & Young (EY) and the second is part of the Elektra Peru Group. On the other hand, surveys were conducted on companies in the retail sector that hire influencers for advertisement services. Likewise, we presented a case study with three scenarios, in which we did a small simulation oh hiring influencers for two campaigns a year, where it will be possible to evaluate the impact that is obtained in the calculation of the income rent tax. / Tesis
67

Determinants of Alumni Giving to a Private U.S. College: Evidence from Oberlin College

Kitahata, Kenneth 08 May 2020 (has links)
No description available.
68

Индивидуальный инвестиционный счет: современно состояние и перспективы развития : магистерская диссертация / Individual investment account: current state and development prospects

Харина, П. А., Kharina, P. A. January 2019 (has links)
Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию современного состояния и перспектив развития индивидуального инвестиционного счета. Предметом исследования выступают экономические отношения, которые возникают в процессе функционирования индивидуального инвестиционного счета. Основной целью магистерской диссертации является разработка путей совершенствования механизма индивидуального инвестиционного счета через исследование особенностей функционирования индивидуального инвестиционного счета на фондовом рынке России. В заключении обозначены рекомендации по совершенствованию индивидуального инвестиционного счета. / Final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of the current state and development prospects of the individual investment account. The subject of the research is the economic relations that arise in the process of functioning of an individual investment account. The main purpose of the master's thesis is to develop ways to improve the mechanism of an individual investment account through the study of the functioning of an individual investment account in the Russian stock market. In the conclusion indicated recommendations for improving the individual investment account.
69

De nya ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna : Reglernas effekt på en koncerns resultatutjämningsmöjligheter utifrån ett neutralitetsperspektiv / The new interest deduction limitation rules : The effects of the legislation on a group’s equalization opportunities from a neutrality perspective

Andraey, Rebecka January 2019 (has links)
Den 1 januari 2019 trädde nya skatteregler för företagssektorn i kraft i Sverige för att förhindra skattebaserosion till följd av skatteplanering med ränteavdrag samt en ökad neutralitet mellan eget och lånat kapital. Den nya regleringen innehåller en generell ränteavdragsbegränsningsregel som återfinns i 24 kap. 24 § IL. Regeln stadgar att ett bolags negativa räntenetto får dras av upp till maximalt 30 procent av avdragsunderlaget. Den nya regleringen baseras på ett EU-direktiv om skatteundandragande och till stor del stämmer de nya ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna överens med vad som stadgas i EU-direktivets artikel fyra. OECD har även lämnat rekommendationer mot skattebaserodering och vinstförflyttning, vari ränteavdragsbegränsningar föreslås i deras åtgärdsplan fyra. I 24 kap. 24 – 29 §§ IL beskrivs det hur avdragsutrymmet beräknas, hur kvarstående negativa räntenetton ska hanteras samt ges en möjlighet för koncerner att kvitta positiva räntenetton mot negativa räntenetton. Problemen som uppdagas med de nya reglerna är att de särskilt kommer påverka koncerner negativt. Detta beror dels på att det är stora multinationella koncerner som primärt är avsedda att träffas av reglerna och dels på grund av att koncernbidragssystemet inte längre kommer kunna fungera helt i enlighet med sitt syfte, det vill säga att skapa skattemässig neutralitet mellan verksamhet som bedrivs i koncernform och verksamhet som bedrivs i ett bolag. Denna effekt grundar sig i att avdragsunderlag riskerar att ”fastna” i det koncernbidragsgivande bolaget, till följd av turordningen för tillämpning av koncernbidragsreglerna i 35 kap. IL och de nya ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna. En annan effekt som förväntas drabba koncerner i högre utsträckning är att de riskerar att permanent gå miste om sina negativa räntenetton. Det uppdagas även att underskottsbolag riskerar att koncernbidragsspärra sitt egenupparbetade underskott om de inte kan få avdrag för sitt negativa räntenetto.   Det faktum att reglerna påverkar koncerner särskilt negativt kan ifrågasättas ur ett neutralitetsperspektiv med utgångspunkten att skatteregler inte ska påverka den skattskyldiges val av handlingsalternativ. Vidare kan de nya reglerna diskuteras ur ett neutralitetsperspektiv som baseras på den nationalekonomiska tanken om att bäst resursallokering uppnås om skattereglerna är så neutrala som möjligt. Detta med hänsyn till förarbetenas fokus på ökad samhällseffektivitet, till följd av att reglerna har kombinerats med en generell sänkning av bolagsskattesatsen från 22 till 20,6 procent. Däremot har det inte fokuserats särskilt mycket på effekterna på samhällseffektiviteten vad avser det faktum att lånat kapital genom reglerna blir dyrare. De nya reglerna kan inte motiveras ur ett neutralitetsperspektiv vad avser valet mellan att bedriva sin verksamhet i ett eller flera bolag. Däremot är ökad neutralitet mellan eget och lånat kapital ett önskvärt syfte som åstadkoms genom lagstiftningen, liksom minskad möjlighet till skatteplanering med ränteavdrag. Särskilda undantagsregler för att mildra effekterna för koncerner har dock tillåtits i direktivet, samt föreslagits i OECD:s rekommendationer. Det är därav överraskande att Sverige har valt att inte anta sådana regler, med tanke på hur mycket hårdare den nya regleringen slår på de koncerner som träffas av den. Neutralitet mellan eget och lånat kapital samt undvikande av skattebaserosion och breddade skattebaser är samtliga önskvärda och legitima målsättningar, som skulle kunna rättfärdiga ett eventuellt avsteg från neutralitet mellan enskilda bolag och koncerner. Däremot är det svårt att rättfärdiga avsteget i förevarande fall, eftersom det inte har införts tillåtna undantagsregler för koncerner i lagstiftningen. Med andra ord, målen hade kunnat åstadkommas fast på en mindre bekostnad av neutraliteten mellan verksamhet som bedrivs i koncernform och verksamhet som bedrivs i ett enda bolag. Det ifrågasätts även om lagstiftaren, genom nya regler, verkligen borde få urholka effektiviteten i tidigare regler. Med detta avses hur ränteavdragsbegränsningarna påverkar koncernbidragssystemets möjlighet att vara effektiv i förhållande till sitt syfte.
70

Dieter Henrich對康德<先驗演繹>B版的詮釋

孫雩龍 Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要目的在於對《純粹理性批判》B版〈先驗演繹〉的結構有一定的理解,並希望藉由這個理解能康德的哲學有進一步的掌握。 德國學者Dieter Henrich於1969所發表論文〈康德先驗演繹的證明結構〉中,對於《純粹理性批判》B版〈先驗演繹〉的論證結構提異於過往的詮釋。他以「論證重構」(argumentative reconstruction)的方式重新地闡釋了B版〈先驗演繹〉造成廣泛的迴響。 本文將順著康德在《純粹理性批判》的理路尋找出他的問題意識。第一章將描述康德所處時代的知識論困境以及他為解決此一困境所做的「哥白尼式的革命」。「哥白尼式的革命」也使得康德走向「先驗哲學」之路。 第二章首先說明康德「先驗演繹」任務。為達成「範疇作為主觀思維形式具有客觀有效性」這個任務,康德在A版〈先驗演繹〉由經驗出發,透過對「三重綜合」的分析,得出先驗統覺。再由感性構想力與先驗統覺的結合,使得對象呈顯於意識之中作為實在的表象進而完成「先驗演繹」的任務。B版則由對「聯結」的分析中向上尋找出「先驗統覺」從而推導出範疇。最後知性透過「構想力」使經驗成為可能。知性如同時間空間言形式一般,是為經驗得以可能的必要條件,因而達到先驗演繹的目的。然而,A、B兩版的〈先驗演繹〉如此的差異正導致了兩者孰為先孰為後的優越性爭議,即A、B兩版在論證結構以及對於康德哲學基本立場相適應的問題。 在A、B兩版〈先驗演繹〉的爭論中,Dieter Henrich提出對於B版〈先驗演繹〉著名的「一個證明兩個步驟」見解。他認為先驗演繹作為一個單一的論證。在20節康德論證了範疇對於一切「具有統一性的直觀」的有效性;26節所證明的是:「所有人類的感性直觀皆具有統一性」。範疇的效力達到一切人類所擁有的經驗性直觀。結合這兩個步驟,先驗演繹的完整結論:「範疇對於一切感性經驗的對象皆具有效性」,才能被達成。 透過Dieter Henrich「一個證明兩個步驟」的詮釋顯現出康德哲學「綜合統一」的特性,知性與感性作為意識活動的不可化約作為必要條件,意識活動得以被說明。如此避免了A版中先驗演繹視為某種意識理論的語意分析,或是由自我意識分析地衍生出來的成素,而保持知性與感性各自的獨立並綜合地統一於自我意識的統一性中。 最後,筆者認為將B版〈先驗演繹〉視為一個分為兩部分的單一論證是一個良好的詮釋模型,並於文末再提出另一個學者Henry E. Allison作為此種詮釋模型的另一個展示。

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