The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the correlation between the penetration force of cutting fluids and machining stability. General studies are made to understand the classification of cutting fluids based on their chemical compositions. It is summarized why the proper selection of cutting fluid for different machining processes is important. The role of cutting fluids in machining process is documented as well as other related issues such as delivery methods, storage, recycling, disposal and failure modes. The uniqueness of this thesis is that it constructs a new mathematical model that would help to explain and quantify the influence of the penetration force of cutting fluid on machining stability. The basic principles of milling process, especially for thin wall machining are reviewed for building the mathematical model. The governing equations of the mathematical model are derived and solved analytically. The derived solutions are used to construct the stability charts. The results show that there is a direct correlation between the machining stability and the changes of the penetration force of the cutting fluid. It is shown that the machining stability region is narrowed as the penetration force of the cutting fluid increases while other machining variables are assumed to be constant. This narrowness of the stability region is more obvious at spindle speed over 6000 rpm.

Base Teórica: Apesar dos avanços alcançados na última década por meio das ações de controle da tuberculose, esta endemia permanece um problema no Brasil. Atraso no diagnóstico e tratamento dos casos de tuberculose é o fator de maior impedimento no controle da tuberculose. Os objetivos desse estudo foram descrever a trajetória dos pacientes com diagnóstico de tuberculose antes do início do tratamento em unidade de referência, analisando a demora do paciente e o número de unidades de saúde visitadas antes do início do tratamento para tuberculose. Método: Estudo transversal realizado em dois serviços de tisiologia. Pacientes com idade ≥18 anos e com diagnóstico de tuberculose pulmonar responderam um questionário que avaliava: trajetória até o diagnóstico, tempo até o diagnóstico e fatores associados com o atraso no diagnóstico. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 40,4 ± 16,1. Foi encontrada uma mediana de 20 dias no atraso dos pacientes. Os fatores associados negativamente com atraso do paciente em um modelo de análise multivariada foram perda de peso e ter procurado tratamento por causa do primeiro sintoma. Também foi encontrado que 44,8% relataram incorretamente o modo de transmissão tuberculose. Além disso, o local de primeiro atendimento para 37,3% dos pacientes foi uma emergência de hospital público. Conclusão: Foi encontrada uma mediana de 20 dias no atraso dos pacientes até o diagnóstico da tuberculose em dois serviços de saúde e em uma região com alta prevalência da doença, os fatores associados a este atraso na análise multivariada foram perda de peso e ter procurado tratamento por causa do primeiro sintoma. / Background: Despite the advances in the last decade through the actions of tuberculosis control, this remains a problem endemic in Brazil. Delays in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis cases are major impeding factors in the control of tuberculosis. The objectives of this study were to describe the health care seeking behavior of tuberculosis patients, assessing patient delay and the number of health care facilities visited before the start of tuberculosis treatment. Methods: Cross-sectional study in two tuberculosis services. Patients aged ≥18 years old and diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis answered a questionnaire that evaluated: path to diagnosis, time to diagnosis and factors associated with delay in diagnosis. Results: The mean age of all patients was 40.4 ± 16.1 years. We found a median patient delay of 20 days. The factors associated negatively with patient delay in multivariate analysis were weight loss, and have sought treatment because of the first symptom. We also demonstrated that 44.8% of patients incorrectly reported the mode of transmission of tuberculosis. In addition, the local of first attendance was an emergency room of public hospitals in 37.3% of patients. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the median patient delay in tuberculosis diagnosis in two tuberculosis services in a region with a high prevalence of tuberculosis was 20 days, and the factors associated with this delay in multivariate analysis were weight loss, and have sought treatment because of the first symptom.

Com a padronização das redes óticas passivas, em particular do GPON (gigabit-capable passive optical network) adotada no Brasil, uma nova gama de serviços passou a ser viável, dentre eles a transmissão de canais de TV para assinantes usando o protocolo IP (Internet protocol), sistema conhecido como IPTV. Este processo apresenta inúmeras vantagens, dentre elas a possibilidade de um número maior de canais e com qualidade variável. O grande inconveniente neste sistema é que em qualquer sistema de transmissão de TV digital o tempo de troca de canais, conhecido como tempo de zapping, pode chegar a alguns segundos. Para reduzir este problema, este trabalho descreve um processo de codificação e transmissão de IPTV em redes GPON que reduz o tempo de zapping, podendo chegar ao tempo de recuperação de um quadro (frame). O estudo foi baseado na codificação escalável em qualidade (SNR, signal to noise ratio) proposta no padrão MPEG-2 (Moving Picture Experts Group) e pode ser facilmente portado para outros padrões de codificação como os FGSs (fine grain scalability) do MPEG-4. O transporte utiliza a característica multicast das redes GPON além do protocolo IGMP (Internet group management protocol). Uma vez que o sistema IPTV propicia ao assinante vantagens como, o aumento do número de canais e a melhoria da qualidade de cada um deles devido à flexibilização da banda, este trabalho pressupõe que o assinante aceitará uma qualidade de vídeo inferior, no momento do zapping, desde que aumente com o decorrer do tempo. O aumento da qualidade é ilustrado por curvas comparativas, que mostram os tempos entre a mudança do canal, a entrada dele em baixa resolução e a melhora progressiva até a estabilidade em qualidade máxima. / With the standardization of passive optical networks, in particular GPON (gigabit-capable passive optical networks), which is adopted in Brazil, a new range of services become feasible, among them TV channels transmission to subscribers using the IP (Internet protocol), known as IPTV system, is one of the most important. This process has many advantages, including the possibility of offering a greater number of channels with variable quality. The greater inconvenience of this solution is that in any system of digital TV transmission the time to exchange channels, known as zapping time, can reach some seconds. To reduce this problem, this M.Sc thesis proposes a coding and transmission process for IPTV in GPON networks that reduces the zapping time to values smaller than one frame time. This work is based on the scalable SNR (signal to noise ratio) proposed in MPEG-2 standard and can be easily ported to other standards like FGS (fine grain scalability) in MPEG-4. Transport uses GPON multicast characteristics beside IGMP (Internet group management protocol). Once IPTV system offers many advantages like, increasing number of channels and better image quality per channel since bandwidth can be flexible. It is assumed that the IPTV subscriber will accept low video quality, at the zapping moment, but quality will increase progressively. Comparative graphics show the quality increase in terms of time between zapping, low quality video starting and the progressive quality increase up to stability in full quality.

Neste trabalho estudamos a existência de soluções de equações do tipo Navier-Stokes com retardo na força externa e no termo n~ao linear. Usando a teoria de semigrupos estudamos a existência de soluções para um problema da forma \'d. SUP. dt u(t) - v\'delta\'u(t) + (F(t, \'u IND.t\'). abla)u(t) + abla p = g(t, \'u IND.t\'), em \'OMEGA\' x (0, T), div u(t) = 0 em \'OMEGA\' x (0, T), u(0, x) = \'u POT.0 (x) x PERTENCE a \' OMEGA\', u(t, x) = 0 t > 0, X \'PERTENCE A\' \' PARTIAL\' \'OMEGA\', u(t, x) =\\phi (t, x) t \'PERTENCE A\' (- \'INFINITO\', 0) x \'PERTENCE A\' \'OMEGA\', onde F9t, \'uIND.t) = INT.IND.t SUP. -\' INFINITO\' \' ALFA1(s-t)u(s)ds + u(t-r), g(t, \'u IND.t\') = INT. SUP. t IND. - INFINITO \'BETA\' (s-t)u(s)ds. Similarmente, usando a tecnica de aproximac~oes de Galerkin, estudamos o problema anterior com F(.) e g(.) dadas por f(t; \'u INDS.t\') = u(t-r(t)); e g(t; \'u IND.t\') = G(u(t-\'rô\' (t))), para alguma função G apropriada. Neste caso, também estudamos a estabilidade de soluções estacionarias / In this work we stuy the existence of solutions for a Navier-Stokes typt equations with delay in the external force and in the nonlinear term. Using the semi-group theory we study the existence of solution for a problem in the form \'d. SUP. dt u(t) - v\'delta\'u(t) + (F(t, \'u IND.t\'). abla)u(t) + abla p = g(t, \'u IND.t\'), ijn \'OMEGA\' x (0, T), div u(t) = 0 in \'OMEGA\' x (0, T), u(0, x) = \'u POT.0 (x) x \'IT BELONGS \' OMEGA\', u(t, x) = 0 t > 0, X \'IT BELONGS\' \'PARTIAL\' \'OMEGA\', u(t, x) =\\phi (t, x) t \'IT BELONGS\' (- \'INFINITY\', 0) x \'IT BELONGS\' \'OMEGA\', where F(t, \'u .t) = INT.IND.t SUP. -\' INFINITY\' \' ALFA(s-t)u(s)ds + u(t-r), g(t, \'u IND.t\') = INT. SUP. t IND. - INFINITY \'BETA\' (s-t)u(s)ds. On another hand using the Galerkin appreoximations method we study the same with F(.) e g(.) given by f(t; \'u INDS.t\') = u(t-r(t)); and g(t; \'u IND.t\') = G(u(t-\'rô\' (t))), for some G appropriated. In thiis case, we study also the stability of stanionary solutions

Finally, we present a novel algorithm for intruder detection in a sinkhole attack of wireless sensor network. The algorithm can identify the intruder and deal with multiple malicious nodes effectively. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed algorithm through both numerical analysis and simulations, which confirmed the effectiveness and accuracy of our algorithm. / In this thesis, we propose a general reliability-centric framework for event reporting in WSANs. We point out that the reliability in such a real-time system depends not only on the accuracy, but also the importance and freshness of the reported data. Our proposed design thus integrates three key modules, (1) an efficient and fault-tolerant event data aggregation algorithm, (2) a delay-aware data transmission protocol, and (3) an adaptive actuator allocation algorithm for unevenly distributed events. We further propose a latency-oriented fault tolerant data transport protocol (LOFT) and a power-controlled real-time data transport protocol (POWER-SPEED) for WSANs. LOFT balances the workload of sensors by checking their queue utilization and handles node/link failures by an adaptive replication algorithm. POWER-SPEED transmits packets in an energy-efficient manner while maintaining soft real-time packet transport. We evaluate our framework and the two proposed protocols through extensive simulations, and the results demonstrate that they achieve the desirable reliability for WSANs. / To minimize the data collection time, we propose a new routing design. We present the mathematical formulation of the route design problem, and show that it is computationally intractable. We then propose two practical algorithms to reduce the delay of the sensors. Our algorithms adaptively adjust the actuator visiting frequencies to the sensors according to their relative weights and data generation patterns. We further propose a probabilistic route design (PROUD) algorithm which adapts to network dynamics. We present the distributed implementation for PROUD and an extension which accommodates actuators with variable speeds. We also propose algorithms for load balancing among the actuators. Simulation results show that our algorithms can effectively reduce the overall data collection time. They adapt to the network dynamics and balances the energy consumption of the actuators. / Wireless sensor-actuator networks, or WSANs, greatly enhance the existing wireless sensor network architecture by introducing powerful and mobile actuators. These actuators are expected to work with the sensor nodes and perform much richer application-specific actions. For the applications which request for fast and accurate report of the environmental events, an efficient and reliable communication/coordination scheme is urged. Unfortunately, multi-hop communication in a WSAN is inherently unreliable due to frequent sensor failures and network partitions. Excessive delays, introduced by congestion or in-network data aggregation, further aggravate the problem. / Ngai, Cheuk Han. / "August 2007." / Adviser: Michael R. Lyu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 1113. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-207). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:39:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo521_1.pdf: 716833 bytes, checksum: 929cccb649732ee31f360da4b5b8aac8 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Companhia Hidro Elétrica do São Francisco / A complexidade crescente dos sistemas produtivos, aliada a necessidade cada vez maior de se reduzir os custos de produção, e aumentar a eficiência de equipamentos e sistemas, têm alavancado o desenvolvimento de modelos de otimização, não apenas para as funções de produção, mas também para as funções de apoio ao processo produtivo, como é o caso da manutenção. Alinhada a este fato, esta dissertação tem a proposta de realizar um estudo, acerca da manutenção preditiva, em componentes sujeitos a um processo de degradação. Aqui, são explicitados alguns dos principais modelos encontrados na literatura, para a modelagem deste processo, com a finalidade de se construir uma estrutura de decisão, para o estabelecimento de uma política de inspeção, com base nestes parâmetros de degradação. Partindo da constatação de que um modelo de degradação, direta ou indiretamente, relaciona esse processo físico à distribuição do tempo de vida de um determinado item, a análise realizada neste trabalho, insere, ao escopo do modelo de inspeção Delay Time, um modelo de degradação, para modelar o tempo no qual um determinado componente permanece no estado defeituoso, avaliando as conseqüências em termos dos custos da manutenção e do downtime do componente, tomando uma decisão acerca da periodicidade com que as inspeções devem ser realizadas

Children who have developmental disorders that involve memorial deficits and impairments in social interaction and communication, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), can present challenges to professionals seeking their testimony when they are victims or witnesses of a crime. Most forensic interviews involve long delays after an event, underscoring the importance of conducting experimental studies which consider the effect of delay on children's memory. In this research, fifty-nine children (age 6-15 years) with ASD (N=27) and without disabilities (N=32) were questioned about their participation in a set of activities after a two-week delay and again after a two-month delay, using the Revised National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Investigative Interview Protocol. A detailed coding scheme was designed to code and analyse the interviewers' utterances and the children's responses in 118 interviews. Transcripts were coded for completeness (with respect to the gist of the event), amount of narrative details, and accuracy. Results indicated that autistic children did not differ from typically developing (TD) peers on any dimensions of memory after both delays. Specifically, both groups of children provided equivalently complete accounts on both occasions. However, children in both groups provided significantly fewer narrative details about the event in the second interview, and the accuracy rates were lower. Recall prompts elicited more detailed and more accurate responses from children in both groups than recognition prompts. Although autistic children recalled fewer correct narrative details than TD peers when questioned using open-ended recall prompts, they were as accurate as TD peers in response to recognition prompts. The informativeness and accuracy of children's reports remained unchanged over time. Finally, social support was beneficial when children were interviewed for the first time but not after a longer delay. The findings indicate that autistic children can provide meaningful and reliable testimony about an event they personally experienced, but several aspects of their memory reports deteriorate over time.

The purpose of the current study was to look at waiting behavior and how it is acquired among children with disabilities. Within this study a multi-experimental design was used to compare the effectiveness of two interventions, a signaled intervention using a visual timer and an unsignaled intervention. Both interventions were implemented across one changing criterion design that allowed for a progressive time delay to increase behavior. This experiment was also conducted across 4 participants to assess the intervention effects across multiple participants. The results showed that the signaled intervention was more effective in increasing the waiting behavior across all four participants. Three participants did see an increase in waiting behavior across the unsignaled intervention phases, although data indicates those results were not as clinically significant or consistent as the signaled intervention.

After a diagnosis of cancer, timely access to oncology care is a priority. For patients living in a rural community, there are many challenges such as proximity to cancer care, reduced access to state-of-the art therapies, lack of coordinated care, and limited access to clinical trials. A multidisciplinary consultation (MDC) via telehealth can improve access to care for rural oncology patients. The purpose of this project was to determine the effects of telehealth MDC on the time in days from diagnosis to the first treatment with the goal of persuading the project site to implement a telehealth MDC. The data involved a comparison of 2 rural locations, 1 with telehealth MDC and 1 without. Data from 36 oncology patients were compared using time in days from the initial diagnosis to the first oncology treatment. The patients who received the initial consultation with telehealth MDC had an average timeframe of 19 days from diagnoses to first treatment, whereas those without telehealth MDC had an average of 51 days, meaning there was a statistically significant difference (z = -5.811, p < .0001). The data will be presented to leadership at the project site to provide the rationale to implement telehealth MDC. This project can lead to a positive social change for rural oncology patients by encouraging telehealth MDC, which may address the several identified barriers that affect access for oncology patients by improving access to clinical trials, coordination of care, and nursing education to rural community patients at the project site.

The relationship between the development of real life forensics and fiction’s use of it is a close one, and it offers excitement and pleasure to follow investigations and unravel mysteries, clearly, both in real life and fiction. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s fictional detective Sherlock Holmes has famously used advanced deductive methods to solve crimes since his first appearance in A Study in Scarlet. The recent explosion of forensic elements within fiction has not passed by unnoticed, raising the question of whether forensic delays are more extendedly used in more recent adaptations of Sherlock Holmes stories, due to the modern range of methods and techniques available. In this essay I show in a comparison of Doyle’s original works about the character Sherlock Holmes, to one of today’s television series; BBC’s Sherlock, that the recent adaptation is interrupted more frequently by forensic investigations, including modern forensic techniques and helpful equipment, which keeps the story from moving forward for a longer period of time, making it a delay. Furthermore, the comparison deals with adaptation theory and shows that the format in which the story is presented is decisive for the result. I conclude that forensic delays are used more extendedly in the contemporary television series Sherlock, due to a more generous range of methods available, but that measuring the extent of forensic delays generally favors the text format.   Keywords: Delay, Sherlock Holmes, Forensics, Development, Format