Ybor City is a historical neighborhood in Tampa, Florida, and a tourist attraction known for its immigrant roots and once-thriving cigar industry. This thesis places Ybor City into the context of the burgeoning heritage tourism market, examining how cities financially reliant on tourism often sanitize their public historical narrative. I identify the main actors involved in Ybor City's marketing and preservation by investigating contemporary newspaper articles and multiple National Park Service documents, thereby uncovering the motivations and decisions that led to Ybor's cultural image of a bustling, relatively peaceful early 20th-century "Latin" community. To correlate Ybor's aestheticized public image with the official record, I review and contrast historical primary sources, academic literature, tourism advertising material, and Ybor's physical historical markers designated to its landmarks. My main argument is that embellishing local memory with overt celebratory overtones and a patriotic message not only fosters a misleading narrative, but it also sidelines traditionally marginalized racial and ethnic groups: Ybor's working-class families, as well as its Jewish, Black Cuban, and African American heritage. This thesis seeks to advance a more authentic interpretation of Ybor City history by proposing a reinvestigation into literary sources and applying both GIS and mobile technology to update the existing scholarship.

Extant literature identified the value of innovative firm behavior for organizational success for manufacturers and service providers (Christensen, 1998; Damanpour, 1991; de Brentani, 1993; Easingwood, 1986; Schumpeter, 1939; Senge, 1994). Increasing complexity of consumer markets, information technologies and an economic environment that forces organizations to rethink their business strategies are especially characteristic for service providers, making the development of new services an essential, but also risky task. A series of organizational conditions, such as a formalized new products/service development process, managerial support for innovation and a culture that encourages innovation were identified as critical for the successful development of innovations. Little research, however, has been done to understand the role of partners for the development of new service, and in particular to evaluate which aspects of new service development benefit the most from partner involvement. To understand the link between organizational settings for innovation and inter-organizational relationships in the new service development process, this study incorporates three areas of research: innovation, supply chain management and inter-organizational relationships. This study was framed within tourism destinations, especially destination marketing organizations (DMOs). They are responsible to market and develop a destination and, due to their role as information intermediaries, their need to collaborate with destination businesses to deliver a seamless tourism experience. This study consists of two major phases. First, a national study among the population of American DMOs was conducted to identify the extent of innovation, the drivers of partner integration in new service development as well as their impact on new services. Second, the value of organizational innovation settings on partnership integration was identified. Study results provide insight into the current status of innovation development and partner integration in the new service development process. The results also indicate that the nature of DMOs was changing from pure marketing organizations to management organizations that actively participate in destination development through innovation. In this study innovation was measured by three core elements: orientation towards demand, strategic and corporate fit as well as newness. DMOs do collaborate with partners to develop new tourism products and services. Partner integration was driven by top management support, as well as a strategic and long-term perspective towards partnerships. Furthermore, partner integration was found to have a positive effect on the strategic and corporate fit as well as market orientation. Lastly, DMOs that organize for the development of new services were found to achieve a more positive effect on innovation. This study concluded that organizations strategically need to engage in inter-organizational relationships with the goal to incorporate partners in the new service development process. Furthermore, organizational strategies towards innovation are critical as they enable the organization to achieve better results. Partnerships, thus, are critical for innovation, whereby innovation can be programmed given that it is supported through organizational settings. / Business Administration

<p>Syftet med vår studie är att först ta reda på hur reseföretag har han-terat en katastrofsituation på en destination för att sedan kunna hitta strategier som ter sig lämpliga kring marknadsföringsarbetet för att locka tillbaka resenärer till den drabbade destinationen. Vi har valt att fokusera vår uppsats kring tsunamikatastrofen 2004 och hur olika reseföretag har gått till väga för att vinna tillbaka sina kunders förtroende.</p><p>Vi har i denna uppsats valt att använda oss utav en kvalitativ me-tod med en abduktiv och fenomenologisk ansats då vårt syfte är att undersöka fenomenet tsunamikatastrofen 2004 i Thailand och ta reda på hur reseföretag har hanterat katastrofsituationen. Den abduktiva ansatsen har varit central under arbetets gång då vi har kompletterat teorin allt eftersom empirin vuxit fram. Vår empiri består av fem stycken kvalitativa intervjuer med personer som har stor erfarenhet och kompetens inom det undersökta området.</p><p>Vi har utgått från en modell som förklarar hur återhämtnings-processen för en destination bör gå till och implementerat denna modell på reseföretag. De marknadsföringsfaktorer som vi under uppsatsens gång sett vara extra vitala är relationen med kunder samt relationen med media för att kunna återhämta sig efter en kris. För fullständig slutsatsdiskussion hänvisar vi till kapitel sju.</p> / <p>The aim of this study is primarily to explore how travel companies have managed certain crisis situation on a destination to be able to adopt appropriate strategies to be used when marketing such desti-nation with the purpose to reclaim their customers. We have cho-sen to focus this paper on the tsunami disaster in 2004 and how different travel companies handled that situation when trying to regain their customers confidence.</p><p>We have chosen to use a qualitative method with an abductive and a phenomenological approach as our aim with this study is to investigate the phenomena of the tsunami disaster 2004 in Thail-and and in which way travel companies handled this situation. The abductive approach has been fundamental when working with this paper as it made it possible for us to update the papers theory as the empirics has grown. Our empiric approach includes five qual-itative interviews with people who have a lot of experience compe-tence within the area we chosen to investigate.</p><p>We have built this paper upon a model that explains how the reco-very period at a crisis destination should be handled and used this model on travel agencies. The marketing strategies that we have found fundamental during this period and essential for travel agen-cies to be aware of are those relating to the customers and media in order to recover from a crisis in the best possible way. We would like to refer the reader to chapter seven for our complete version of conclusions.</p>

<p>Kvalitetsmärkningen Naturens Bästa arbetar för att marknadsföra upplevelser som inte är bra enbart för turisten utan även för miljön och omgivningen. Idag blir vi som konsumenter mer och mer medvetna och måna om vår miljö och den värld vi lever i. Således borde en kvalitetsmärkning som Naturens Bästa kunna vägleda oss till att finna arrangemang inom turismen som hjälper oss att välja arrangörer som verkligen lever upp till de krav vi ställer. Problemet som finns är dock att denna kvalitetsmärkning inte syns i den gemensamma marknadsföringen av destinationer i nuläget. Utifrån detta är syftet med uppsatsen att undersöka varför kvalitetsmärkningen Naturens Bästa inte har någon framskjutande roll i marknadsföringen av destinationer.</p><p>Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ insamlingsmetod i form av<strong> </strong>personliga intervjuer i vår undersökning för att få fram varför kvalitetsmärkningen inte syns i marknadsföringen. Intervjuerna genomfördes med respondenter från turistbyrån i Västerås, Västmanlands kommuner och landsting samt turistbyrån i Skinnskatteberg. Den teori uppsatsen bygger på är turism och marknadsföring, destinationsmarknadsföring och kvalitetsmärkning. Utifrån denna teori har intervjufrågorna utformats och den insamlade primärdatan sedan analyserats.</p><p>Med utgångspunkt i den genomförda analysen framkom det att Naturens Bästa inte har någon framskjuten roll i marknadsföringen av destinationer till stor del på grund av att kunskapen om kvalitetsmärkningen är dålig ute bland turistorganisationerna. Detta beror enligt vår mening på brist av information. Ytterligare en anledning är att det finns en ovilja att använda märkningen i broschyrerna.</p> / <p>The quality label Natures Best is committed to market experiences that are not only good for the tourist, but also for the environment.  Consumers today become more and more aware of their surrounding and the world we live in. Therefore, a quality label like Natures Best should be able to guide us to find arrangements within tourism that helps us choose arrangers that really lives up to the demands we have. The problem recognized, is that this quality label is not visible in the common marketing of destinations today. From this point of view, the purpose with this thesis is to investigate why the quality label Natures Best does not have a prominent role in the marketing of destinations. </p><p>In our examination of why the quality labeling does not have a prominent role, we have used a qualitative method of collection in the form of personal interviews. The interviews were carried out with respondents from the tourist bureau in Västerås, “Västmanlands kommuner och landsting” and the tourist bureau in Skinnskatteberg. The theory which the thesis is based upon is<em> </em>tourism and marketing, destination marketing and quality labeling. The questions for the interviews and the analysis of the primary data have been formed based on this theory.</p><p>With a starting point in the conducted analyze, it emerged that Natures Best does not have a prominent role in the marketing of destinations because there is a poor knowledge about the quality label among the organizations. According to us, this is due to a lack of information. Another reason is that it exist a reluctance to use the label in the brochures.</p>

<p>Because of the mass tourism industry that exploits sensitive locations all over our planet a new kind of tourism came into focus in the 1980’s. This new form of tourism was named ecotourism, and as the name reveals ecotourism deals with low-impact travel. Today, all sorts of places can be gazed upon in a flick of a switch; all you need is a television set. It is well known that destination marketing successfully uses visual media as a tool to sell trips to potential tourists. Therefore, this essay examines how ecotourism benefits from the great power of the television. The analyzed material contains of six different TV shows, sorted into two groups – travel shows and discussion programs. With the theory of the tourist gaze, semiotics, destination marketing and the experience economy the study resulted in the conclusion that all TV shows are built upon collective cultural representations found in the exotic and the authentic. With the help of the visual language, travel shows can give new meaning to a specific destination expressed in a system of mutual understanding and shared culture.</p>

<p><strong>Purpose –</strong> Target of this study is to develop a social media framework, the essential “ingredient” for a social media concept for the destination Usedom. The following question is in the centre of this investigations attention:  How to create awareness and dialogue by using Social Media for the destination Usedom taking into account the new Usedom Welcome Visitor Centre that will be open 2011?</p><p><strong>Methodology/approach</strong> – Mainly, an observational approach as research method is used to answer the research question, collecting empirical data not by questioning respondents, but by observing different forms of activity. Writing about social media, to use the Internet for observational research is natural and can be further enhanced due to the accessibility and retrieval of information and cross-validation of the information available from several sources.</p><p><strong>Findings</strong> – Social media marketing eliminates the middlemen and provides destinations with the unique opportunity to have a direct relationship with their customers. In today’s knowledge-society where</p><ul><li>people want to engage – want to be active – want to create content on their own </li><li>people talk: online and offline - positive or negative – with or without the destination</li></ul><p>NOT participating is NO option. In case of the isle of Usedom, the Social media concept should be of listening and outreach character. As a holistic marketing approach where “everything matters” is needed for destinations, online and offline activities need each other. In addition to social media marketing even search engine optimisation, ad words and target mails are important tools for a successful online strategy.</p><p><strong>Research limitations/implications – </strong>Most important is the time limitation. The validity period is limited. A Social Media framework of today is not the social media framework of the future. Social media is changing rapidly. New channels appear - others disappear. Moreover, another limitation is the subjectivity: the author of this study observes the Internet in accordance to the research question and allocates a sample pursuant to her knowledge and experience.</p><p><strong>Practical implications</strong> – Aside from the destinations’ website being adapted by social media elements, Facebook serves as ideal tool to nurture relationships between the customer and the destination by being creative, honest and assessing competitors as partners. As one of the easiest and most versatile social networks for professionals today, Facebook is a profile and presence aggregator, channelling all online activity through one main hub and combining almost every online social tool that can be used.</p><p><strong>Originality/value –</strong> Targeting the destination Usedom, but also being applicable for other German tourist destinations, this study provides both: a theoretical and with ideas filled framework to create awareness and dialogue by using social media as complement to traditional marketing activities. Being the first investigation that has been done for the destination Usedom in the field of social media, this study aims to inspire other tourist destinations as well as students to learn about social media and to further investigate in this field.<strong> </strong></p><p> </p>

<p>The tourism industry is growing and with its growth competition between destinations rises. In competition, cooperation and collaboration between tourism operators seem beneficial when creating an attractive and dynamic tourist destination.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to describe and discuss the significance and influence of tourist related networks at a tourist destination, and therefore this study aims to examine the question: What significance do the tourist related networks have at a tourist destination?</p><p>This study focuses on seven networks on Gotland that are tourism related, and the representatives of the networks were interviewed in order to get their view on the network and its significance to the destination. The study shows that networks have an important role in creating a unified tourist product of the destination, and in reaching out to the potential visitors through joint destination marketing. The study also shows that the tourism related networks helps to improve the reception of the tourist at a destination and to secure the quality of the tourist destination and its tourist products.</p> / <p>Turismindustrin är en växande näring, vilket naturligt skapar en följd av ökad konkurrensmellan destinationer. I konkurrens ter sig samarbeten och samverkan mellan turismaktörervara fördelaktigt, för att skapa en attraktiv och dynamisk turistdestination. Samverkan kanäven vara fördelaktig då turismindustrin består av många små företag, med små resurser som ensamma har svårt att driva en hållbar utveckling av destinationen. Genom samverkan i nätverk kan olika aktörers viljor, agendor och mål på en plats samlas och koordineras för attgenomföra gemensamma aktioner. Problemfrågan som driver studien är: Vilken betydelse har turistrelaterade nätverk för enturistdestination? Fokus i studien ligger på Gotland, som är en populär turistdestination med ett stort antal turistrelaterade företag, som i stor utsträckning samverkar genom nätverk. I studien identifieras 21 stycken turistrelaterade nätverk på Gotland varav sju deltar i denna studie. Dessa nätverk är: Bo vid havet, Goda Gotland, Gotlands attraktioner, Hovleden, Marknadsrådet, Kryssningsgruppen och Vandrarhem, Pensionat och Bed & Breakfast påGotland. Studien har ett tolkande, förståelseinriktat perspektiv och baseras på intervjuer, i detta fall semistrukturerade intervjuer som kan liknas vid ett öppet samtal. Intervjuer har genomförts med nätverkens företrädare och frågorna har berört deras syn på samverkan och nätverk generellt, samt det egna nätverkets betydelse för destinationen. I studien redogörs bland annat för begreppen nätverk, turistdestination och turistprodukt, där nätverk definieras som uppbyggt av ett antal relationer mellan olika aktörer som kan bestå av organisationer, grupper eller individer. En turistprodukt kan dels vara en specifik produkt som erbjuds turisten, och dels kan turistprodukten syftas till hela destinationens sammanlagda utbud. I turisters medvetande kan destinationen i sig utgöra en turistprodukt och det ligger därmed i destinationens intresse att marknadsföra destinationen som en sammanhållen turistprodukt. Studien visar att samverkan i nätverk gynnar turisten då information kring destinationens utbud lättare förmedlas och når ut till kunden genom gemensamma aktioner. Dock visar studien en problematik med samverkan då flera nätverk verkar parallellt. Ett stortantal nätverk, som verkar var för sig, kan splittra destinationen och förvirra den potentiella besökaren. Antalet nätverk och de olika bilder de kommunicerar ut, ser vi kan likväl förvirra kunden som generera fler, eftersom olika produkter lockar olika kunder.Det är inte desto mindre samarbetet mellan de involverade i destinationsprodukten som ger destinationen framgång. Studien visar att nätverk har en betydande roll i erbjudandet av det turistiska utbudet på en destination och i skapandet av en sammanhållen turistprodukt. Nätverken verkar gemensamt med destinationsfrämjande aktiviteter, vilka exempelvis förbättrat mottagandet av turisten och kvalitetssäkringen av destinationens utbud. I nätverkskapas win-win situationer mellan turismaktörer där aktörerna kan gå samman i marknadsföring och tillsammans marknadsföra sitt eget företag, såväl som destinationen, för att locka besökare. Nätverken genererar också andra fördelar för en destination. Exempelvis kan vi i studien se att nätverken har en viktig roll i varumärkesbyggandet av destinationen.</p>

Because of the mass tourism industry that exploits sensitive locations all over our planet a new kind of tourism came into focus in the 1980’s. This new form of tourism was named ecotourism, and as the name reveals ecotourism deals with low-impact travel. Today, all sorts of places can be gazed upon in a flick of a switch; all you need is a television set. It is well known that destination marketing successfully uses visual media as a tool to sell trips to potential tourists. Therefore, this essay examines how ecotourism benefits from the great power of the television. The analyzed material contains of six different TV shows, sorted into two groups – travel shows and discussion programs. With the theory of the tourist gaze, semiotics, destination marketing and the experience economy the study resulted in the conclusion that all TV shows are built upon collective cultural representations found in the exotic and the authentic. With the help of the visual language, travel shows can give new meaning to a specific destination expressed in a system of mutual understanding and shared culture.

Kvalitetsmärkningen Naturens Bästa arbetar för att marknadsföra upplevelser som inte är bra enbart för turisten utan även för miljön och omgivningen. Idag blir vi som konsumenter mer och mer medvetna och måna om vår miljö och den värld vi lever i. Således borde en kvalitetsmärkning som Naturens Bästa kunna vägleda oss till att finna arrangemang inom turismen som hjälper oss att välja arrangörer som verkligen lever upp till de krav vi ställer. Problemet som finns är dock att denna kvalitetsmärkning inte syns i den gemensamma marknadsföringen av destinationer i nuläget. Utifrån detta är syftet med uppsatsen att undersöka varför kvalitetsmärkningen Naturens Bästa inte har någon framskjutande roll i marknadsföringen av destinationer. Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ insamlingsmetod i form av personliga intervjuer i vår undersökning för att få fram varför kvalitetsmärkningen inte syns i marknadsföringen. Intervjuerna genomfördes med respondenter från turistbyrån i Västerås, Västmanlands kommuner och landsting samt turistbyrån i Skinnskatteberg. Den teori uppsatsen bygger på är turism och marknadsföring, destinationsmarknadsföring och kvalitetsmärkning. Utifrån denna teori har intervjufrågorna utformats och den insamlade primärdatan sedan analyserats. Med utgångspunkt i den genomförda analysen framkom det att Naturens Bästa inte har någon framskjuten roll i marknadsföringen av destinationer till stor del på grund av att kunskapen om kvalitetsmärkningen är dålig ute bland turistorganisationerna. Detta beror enligt vår mening på brist av information. Ytterligare en anledning är att det finns en ovilja att använda märkningen i broschyrerna. / The quality label Natures Best is committed to market experiences that are not only good for the tourist, but also for the environment.  Consumers today become more and more aware of their surrounding and the world we live in. Therefore, a quality label like Natures Best should be able to guide us to find arrangements within tourism that helps us choose arrangers that really lives up to the demands we have. The problem recognized, is that this quality label is not visible in the common marketing of destinations today. From this point of view, the purpose with this thesis is to investigate why the quality label Natures Best does not have a prominent role in the marketing of destinations.  In our examination of why the quality labeling does not have a prominent role, we have used a qualitative method of collection in the form of personal interviews. The interviews were carried out with respondents from the tourist bureau in Västerås, “Västmanlands kommuner och landsting” and the tourist bureau in Skinnskatteberg. The theory which the thesis is based upon is tourism and marketing, destination marketing and quality labeling. The questions for the interviews and the analysis of the primary data have been formed based on this theory. With a starting point in the conducted analyze, it emerged that Natures Best does not have a prominent role in the marketing of destinations because there is a poor knowledge about the quality label among the organizations. According to us, this is due to a lack of information. Another reason is that it exist a reluctance to use the label in the brochures.

Beer, brewing, and the public house have been celebrated institutions in English culture for centuries. The drink occupies a venerable position in the gastronomy of most regions and is an integral component in the lives of many. There is an emerging literature on culinary tourism as an increasingly important element of cultural tourism. Local cuisine can be used to distinguish unique tourist regions from their competitors in an ever-globalising world. While wine tourism in particular has been studied quite thoroughly in recent years, beer tourism has been largely neglected. The purpose of this study is to explore the current state of, and potential for beer tourism in Yorkshire, England. Beer tourism can be described as “visitations to breweries, beer festivals, and beer shows for which beer tasting and experiencing the attributes of a beer region are the prime motivating factors for visitors” (Plummer et al. 2003). Through the use of a mail survey, short interviews, participant observation and secondary data collection techniques the author explored the extent to which local breweries use beer tourism practices; the specific beer tourism techniques being used by breweries in Yorkshire, and their perceived benefits and limitations; the partnerships, alliances and cooperation that may exist between the brewers themselves, and the tourism and hospitality industries; if and how tourism stakeholders draw upon beer and brewing to promote and market the region to tourists, and the role that brewers may play in this process. The author also made recommendations for brewery managers and regional marketing boards based upon relevant academic literature and the specific findings of this study. The author makes note of numerous findings on participation rates for breweries in tours and beer festivals, the perceived benefits and limitations that beer tourism has for brewers, and research on the branding and marketing of Yorkshire beer. A detailed typology of breweries based upon their relationship and degree of integration with the tourism industry is introduced. Furthermore, a tentative hypothesis based upon a brewer’s rationale for involvement in tourism and the size and success of that brewery is presented. This hypothesis must be empirically tested in future research to determine its acceptability. The author also presented a detailed review of the relevance of wine tourism literature for the field of beer tourism. It was found that although the two forms of beverage tourism share many commonalities, there exist as many differences. This comparison ultimately emphasises the importance of developing a specific beer tourism literature. It is hoped that the findings of this beer-specific research may be used by others with a keen interest in beer and tourism to undertake additional studies in the field. This study solely investigates the links between beer producers and the tourism and hospitality industry in Yorkshire, England. A similar study in an alternative setting would most likely yield interesting results. Furthermore, additional studies on beer and tourism should take the size, brewing output capacity, and possibly the revenue of a brewery into account in order to investigate potential differences between breweries’ tourism strategies based upon their size and success in their market.