We don’t sit and talk about this, aims at quite the opposite. While societies such as the Catalan and Swedish have become more gender equal and seem to advance towards being more welcoming for menstruating bodies, there are still many discomforts and oppressions related to the menstrual experience. The research in this subject has been primarily focused on menstrual health and hygiene management issues, while ignoring the social and cultural aspects related to this natural bodily process. Indeed, the menstrual cycle is a biological and psychological journey, throughout women lifespan. Acknowledging the complexity and uniqueness of the menstrual experience, this study aims at exploring and comparing the menarche and menstruation experiences of Primary school teachers. Aiming at examining two specific settings, this research sampled National and International teachers, specifically 9 teachers working and living in Catalonia and 9 teachers working and living in Sweden. Drawing from these two samples, in-depth interviews were conducted, and the resulting findings were analyzed through thematic analysis. The diverse sample of this investigation shows differences and similarities among the two settings, mainly referring to their current embodied experience of menstruation and their way of approaching menstrual-related issues within the school context. It appears, then, that the women that participated in this study faced menarche without the adequate support and information. Besides, menarche was the period where they learnt and interiorized the social and cultural norms of hiding and concealing menstruation and faced physical restrictions. As they grew older, some of these women changed their way of managing and communicating about their period. However, the topic was still difficult to share and discuss, not only in their private life but in their role as teachers, where they attempt to promote a period positive image and help their daughters and students have a comforting menstrual experience. The findings are further discussed considering the concepts of menstrual etiquette, institutional non-acceptance,and the pollution theory and the development theory of embodiment.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of open access costs on university library collection develop-ment and service offerings, specifically focusing on the major changes resulting from the Open Science movement as identified by library officers. It aims to provide insights into the challenges faced by university libraries in managing open access costs and the strategies employed to overcome them.The central research question addressed in this thesis is: What major changes do library officers identify in library offerings as a result of the Open Science movement?The thesis utilizes collection development theory as a framework to evaluate and manage library collections. Ad-ditionally, the theory explores the challenges associated with open access costs and the strategies employed by libraries to address them.The thesis employs an interview-based approach to gather data and insights from eight librarians and library of-ficers. These interviews aim to capture the perceptions of library officers regarding the impact of open access costs on collection development and service offerings. The analysis explores the strategies implemented by libraries to manage open access costs and assesses the sustainability of open access funding models. The study also compares the experiences of small and large libraries to identify any differences in strategies employed and challenges faced.The primary material used in this thesis consists of interview transcripts from the eight librarians and library of-ficers. These interviews provide valuable qualitative data on their perspectives, experiences, and strategies related to open access costs and their impact on library offerings

No description available.

Poverty is quintessentially an issue of inequality or lack of social justice within and between nation states. And yet mainstream development theory and institutions of global governance continue to couch reducing poverty as a policy objective, rather than focus on underlying issues of inequality. This book confronts the failings of neo-liberalism and the global governance institutions that promote it. Social Justice and Development makes a significant contribution to current debates around development theory and policy. It explores why articulating social justice in development provides the potential for a fresh approach to global poverty, and one that would overcome the current theoretical 'impasse'. It is essentially an optimistic text that suggests how the principles of global social justice could be used to shift the development paradigm from a consensus that hinges on Washington to one that is global.

This study is geared at an open systmes critique of the macro theories of development. It is highlighted in this study that we are living through the realities of the open systems, and yet much of development thought is based on closed systems philosophies, principle and ideologies. The first chapter gives an orientation into the origins of both the closed systems and open systems paradigms respectively. Included in this orientation chapter, is the literature review of the various research contributions of the major trends in development thought. The second chapter expands on the evolution of the closed systems paradigm and its influences on development thought. This chapter further explains the attendant philosophies, principles and ideologies that underlie the closed systems paradigm. The third chapter captures the open systems paradigm and its influences on contemporary development discourse. Further to the discussion on the closed systems paradigm, the chapter elaborates on the philosophies, principles and processes that underlie this paradigm. The fourth chapter is on a discussion of trends in development thinking, traced from the traditional, through the medieval to the modern, right up to the contemporary. This entails tracing the theory to its ontological background right up to its implications for social reality in contemporary development thought and experience. The fifth chapter is on the open systems critique of the trends in development thinking, while the sixth chapter revisits the open systems paradigm and its implications for development thought. In the seventh chapter is the recapitulation of the findings in the study and recommendations for both development thought and practice. / Development Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Development Administration)

No abstract / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

This study is geared at an open systems critique of the macro theories of development. It is highlighted in this study that we are living through the realities of the open systems, and yet much of development thought is based on closed systems philosophies, principle and ideologies. The first chapter gives an orientation into the origins of both the closed systems and open systems paradigms respectively. Included in this orientation chapter, is the literature review of the various research contributions of the major trends in development thought. The second chapter expands on the evolution of the closed systems paradigm and its influences on development thought. This chapter further explains the attendant philosophies, principles and ideologies that underlie the closed systems paradigm. The third chapter captures the open systems paradigm and its influences on contemporary development discourse. Further to the discussion on the closed systems paradigm, the chapter elaborates on the philosophies, principles and processes that underlie this paradigm. The fourth chapter is on a discussion of trends in development thinking, traced from the traditional, through the medieval to the modern, right up to the contemporary. This entails tracing the theory to its ontological background right up to its implications for social reality in contemporary development thought and experience. The fifth chapter is on the open systems critique of the trends in development thinking, while the sixth chapter revisits the open systems paradigm and its implications for development thought. In the seventh chapter is the recapitulation of the findings in the study and recommendations for both development thought and practice. / Public Administration and Management / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Administration)

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the phenomenon of the conflicting roles, such as parent, spouse, employee, caregiver, and community member/volunteer, associated with the lives of nontraditional college students and to reveal how these conflicting role obligations influence these students' persistence toward the attainment of an undergraduate degree. This study provides a brief history of adult education in the United States as well as the study context, a continuing studies division of a privately endowed research institution located in the southern United States. The participants in this study were nontraditional students who were also recent graduates of this continuing studies unit. This study drew upon the literature of nontraditional students in higher education, as well as literature on role theory, adult development theory, adult learning theory, and student persistence theory. This study used a phenomenological qualitative approach as a means of discovering the lived experiences of nontraditional students as these experiences relate to the conflicting roles of nontraditional students and their decision to persist toward the attainment of a bachelor's degree. Several important findings were discovered. In order to negotiate their conflicting roles, these students used several strategies as a means of helping them to balance their roles. This study also found several motivational factors that prompted nontraditional students to pursue a bachelor's degree at this time in their lives. The obstacles and challenges that these students confronted were also revealed, and in order to overcome these obstacles and challenges these students relied on several support systems. The reputation and prestige of this university was also found to be an important factor in the students' decision to attend college at this stage in their lives. Additionally, the various forms of assistance that this continuing studies unit provided encouraged students to persist.

As produções teóricas sobre os países pobres fundamentam a compreensão dessas nações seus problemas e os meios de solucioná-los em uma determinada representação do que seriam essas regiões do globo. Nesse sentido, é possível perceber que o próprio método científico para se abarcar o objeto, a possibilidade de se pensar em progresso, os termos desse progresso, tudo isso está baseado em uma determinada representação do que define esse atraso. A partir dessa perspectiva, esta dissertação analisa a transformação nos termos representacionais utilizados pela teoria do desenvolvimento político que foi produzida nos Estados Unidos durante as décadas de 1950 e 1960. Esta teoria é um objeto especialmente qualificado de estudo por haver se afastado, durante a década de 1960, da representação econômica e ter inserido de forma privilegiada os termos da insegurança, instabilidade e da ordem. Além de destrinchar essas transformações teóricas esta dissertação intenta ainda compreendê-las no interior do contexto de que fazem parte. Tal perspectiva não pretende entender as características desta produção teórica meramente como reflexo direto de interesses econômicos e políticos, mas principalmente verificar como as idéias incluindo aqui as formulações teóricas são importantes articulações que delimitam uma determinada forma de representar ou compreender o entorno social e político e, com isso, guiam as ações que são dirigidas a esse entorno. / Theoretical literature on poor countries uses as a base for its comprehension of these nations their problems and how to solve them a certain representation of what these regions of the globe would be. Accordingly, it is possible to observe that the scientific method itself used to grasp the object, the possibility of thinking about progress and the terms of this progress, are all based on a certain representation of what defines this backwardness. From this perspective, this dissertation analyzes this transformation in the representational terms used by the theory of political development that was produced in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s. This theory is a specially qualified object of study, because during the 1960s, it moved away from an economic representation and inserted, in a privileged manner, aspects of insecurity, instability and order. Besides untangling these theoretical transformations, this dissertation intends furthermore to understand them within their own context. This perspective implies not just in an understanding of the characteristics of this theoretical literature merely as a direct reflection of economical and political interests, but mainly to verify how ideas - including their theoretical formulations - are important articulations that delimit a certain form of representing or understanding our social and political surroundings and, with this, guide actions that are directed to these surroundings.

O objetivo principal desta Tese é produzir uma leitura crítica da construção, por Walt Whitman Rostow, do desenvolvimento enquanto ideologia e enquanto política de Estado dos Estados Unidos no contexto da Guerra Fria. O desenvolvimento é concebido como uma política econômica internacional principalmente para resolver o problema da necessidade de expansão internacional do capitalismo como sistema mundial no pós-guerra, sob a hegemonia americana. O confronto político-ideológico capitalismo versus comunismo é certamente relevante, mas secundário. Uma forte ideologia do desenvolvimento se torna necessária para induzir os chamados países subdesenvolvidos a adotar o desenvolvimento como seu objetivo maior, o que a política internacional do desenvolvimento poderia ajudar a promover oferecendo empréstimos internacionais e assistência técnica. Uma vez aceito, um esquema como esse poderia garantir o funcionamento de uma nova ordem capitalista internacional, em substituição ao velho colonialismo. Walt Whitman Rostow é talvez o intelectual mais importante na criação e na promoção do desenvolvimento como ideologia e como política de Estado. Esta Tese é centrada na sua produção teórico-política sobre o desenvolvimento, abrangendo o período que se considera como efetivamente criativo desta produção, ou seja, até a sua definição da seqüência de estágios-de-crescimento em As Etapas do Crescimento Econômico. Um Manifesto Não-Comunista. Também se analisa a busca de W. W. Rostow por uma fundamentação teórica por meio de sua crítica a Marx e à abordagem estrutural-funcional nas ciências sociais. / This Thesis\' main objective is the production of a critical reading of the Walt Whitman Rostow\'s construction of the development as an ideology and as a State policy of the United States in the Cold War context. The development is conceived as an international economic policy mainly to solve the serious problem of the need for international expansion of capitalism as a world system, in the post-war period, under the American hegemony. The political-ideological confrontation capitalism versus communism is certainly a relevant one, but secondary. A strong ideology of development becomes necessary to induce the so called underdeveloped countries to adopt the development as their primary goal, which the international development policy could make easier by the supply of international loanable funds and technical assistance. One accepted, this scheme would guarantee the functioning of a new international capitalistic order, replacing the old colonialism. Walt Whitman Rostow is perhaps the most important intellectual in the creation and promotion of the development as an ideology and a State policy. This Thesis is centered upon his theoretical-political production about the development, covering the effective creative period of this production, that is, until Rostow\'s definition of his stages-of-growth sequence in The Stages of Economic Growth. A Non-Communist Manifesto. There is also an analysis of Rostow\'s search for theoretical foundations by means of his criticism of Marx and of the structural-functional approach in the social sciences. .