Sammandrag Denna uppsats handlar om vad Aspergers syndrom är och vad det innebär för barnen i skolan. I texten ges en förklaring till de olika kriterierna som experterna följer för att ställa diagnosen Aspergers syndrom och även hur föräldrar, förskolan och skolan kan hjälpa barnen med Aspergers syndrom att lära sig samhällets samspel och regler. Uppsatsen har genomförts med hjälp av litteratur från tidigare forskningar och samtal med lärare och specialpedagogen. Det som jag lägger tyngdpunkten på, är min egen undersökning med observation och samtal med en flicka i 11 års ålder som har diagnostiserats ADHD och Aspergers syndrom. Undersökningen visar att barnen med Aspergers syndrom behöver ha struktur samt tydliga och okomplicerade regler, samt att de kan ha vissa svårigheter med språket och det sociala beteendet. Men med hjälp av tålamod och vilja kan de lära sig att samspela med omgivningen även om de inte förstår varför. Nyckelord: Aspergers syndrom, diagnos, specialpedagogik. / Abstract This diploma work is about the diagnose Aspergers syndrome and what it means for the children in school. In the text it is given an explanation to the different criteria that the experts are following when they set the diagnose Aspergers syndrome and how parents, preschool and school can assist the kids to learn the interplay and rules of the society. The diploma work has been done with the help of literature from previous research and by discussing with teachers and special educationalist. I do however emphasize my own research with observations and discussions with a girl at the age of 11 that has been diagnosed ADHD and Aspergers syndrome. My research shows that children with Aspergers syndrome need structure and clearly stated and uncomplicated rules, and that these children might have difficulties with their language and the social behavior. They can learn to interplay with the environment with some patience and willingness, even though they can not understand why. Keywords: Aspergers syndrome, diagnose, special education.

Background Due to population growth, aging, urbanisation, increasing prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus (DM) has become one of the most important and prevalent chronic diseases. Glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) assessment is currently being used all over to monitor glycaemic control as a cornerstone of diabetes care. It might also be a useful screening tool for non–insulin dependent DM, also known as type 2 DM (T2DM). Elevated HbA1c can be linked with long–term risk of cardiovascular complications. Aim The aim of the study was to determine whether HbA1c can be used as reliable screening tool for early detection of T2DM in an African population. Methods This study was a cross–sectional study and was part of the South African, North–West Province (SANWP) leg of the 12–year Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study. Baseline data was collected from March to December 2005. A total of 2010 volunteers were recruited from randomly selected households. Data was collected on socio–demographic characteristics, physical activity, dietary intakes, blood pressure and anthropometry. HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), liver enzymes and HIV status were determined. Ethical approval for the PURE study was obtained in July 2004. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were also done for a sub–group of 465 subjects. The Statistical Consultation Services of the North–West University were consulted to analyse data with SPSS 17.0 and STATISTICA 9.0. Results The HbA1c values within the diabetic FPG groups were 7.46% for men and 8.08% for women. HbA1c values increased significantly progressively from the normal FPG groups to the groups with impaired FPG and the diabetic FPG groups for both men and women. No significant increases were found in HbA1c between the OGTT groups (normal 2 hour plasma glucose (PG), impaired 2–hour PG and diabetic 2–hour PG). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index and FPG increased significantly and high–density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly with an increase in HbA1c values in men and women. In addition, systolic blood pressure increased significantly in women with increased HbA1c. Thus, with an increase in HbA1c, an increase in the number of risk factors was observed. When using HbA1c and FPG in combination, 43 subjects of the whole population were detected with having a risk of developing T2DM. However, when considering the commonality of subjects identified to be diabetic or at risk by the OGTT, FPG and HbA1c individually, only one subject was identified by all the methods as having diabetes or being at risk to develop diabetes. Discussion and conclusions An increase in HbA1c and FPG was associated with an increase in risk factors and therefore with metabolic syndrome (MS). MS is associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM and therefore it can be concluded that HbA1c was useful for detecting in this population individuals at increased risk of developing T2DM. The use of FPG and HbA1c in combination was considered a better screening tool when compared to HbA1c alone. Factors other than what were measured in this study might be the cause of the unexpected results obtained in the participants with impaired OGTT. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Background Due to population growth, aging, urbanisation, increasing prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus (DM) has become one of the most important and prevalent chronic diseases. Glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) assessment is currently being used all over to monitor glycaemic control as a cornerstone of diabetes care. It might also be a useful screening tool for non–insulin dependent DM, also known as type 2 DM (T2DM). Elevated HbA1c can be linked with long–term risk of cardiovascular complications. Aim The aim of the study was to determine whether HbA1c can be used as reliable screening tool for early detection of T2DM in an African population. Methods This study was a cross–sectional study and was part of the South African, North–West Province (SANWP) leg of the 12–year Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study. Baseline data was collected from March to December 2005. A total of 2010 volunteers were recruited from randomly selected households. Data was collected on socio–demographic characteristics, physical activity, dietary intakes, blood pressure and anthropometry. HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), liver enzymes and HIV status were determined. Ethical approval for the PURE study was obtained in July 2004. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were also done for a sub–group of 465 subjects. The Statistical Consultation Services of the North–West University were consulted to analyse data with SPSS 17.0 and STATISTICA 9.0. Results The HbA1c values within the diabetic FPG groups were 7.46% for men and 8.08% for women. HbA1c values increased significantly progressively from the normal FPG groups to the groups with impaired FPG and the diabetic FPG groups for both men and women. No significant increases were found in HbA1c between the OGTT groups (normal 2 hour plasma glucose (PG), impaired 2–hour PG and diabetic 2–hour PG). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index and FPG increased significantly and high–density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly with an increase in HbA1c values in men and women. In addition, systolic blood pressure increased significantly in women with increased HbA1c. Thus, with an increase in HbA1c, an increase in the number of risk factors was observed. When using HbA1c and FPG in combination, 43 subjects of the whole population were detected with having a risk of developing T2DM. However, when considering the commonality of subjects identified to be diabetic or at risk by the OGTT, FPG and HbA1c individually, only one subject was identified by all the methods as having diabetes or being at risk to develop diabetes. Discussion and conclusions An increase in HbA1c and FPG was associated with an increase in risk factors and therefore with metabolic syndrome (MS). MS is associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM and therefore it can be concluded that HbA1c was useful for detecting in this population individuals at increased risk of developing T2DM. The use of FPG and HbA1c in combination was considered a better screening tool when compared to HbA1c alone. Factors other than what were measured in this study might be the cause of the unexpected results obtained in the participants with impaired OGTT. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The article deals with a special kind of modelling tass. These problems are used for learning and researching as well. So the results of an empirical study on mathematical modelling of pupils in secondary schools are presented. Pupils of forms 8-10 were observed working on open, realistic problems. These observations were recorded and evaluated. The goal of the presented part of the study is a detailed look at the control processes of modelling problems. In this context changes between real life control and mathematical control during the control phases are studied and evaluated. We describe in detail the sub phases of controlling and explain their connection with modelling process. The problems used in this project can also be used in math lessons, so this kind of research can put teachers and researchers together. These tasks are suitable to support ongoing in-service development and teacher education.

No description available.

Zugl.: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2007.

Zugl.: Diss.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Frankfurt (Main), 2006.

Universiẗat, Diss--Hamburg, 2006.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund, 1982.