Aus der Einleitung: A wide range of epidemiological community studies worldwide converge on several incontrovertible facts regarding anxiety disorders: they occur frequently, begin at an early age, significantly impair multiple areas of development and life, and are associated with numerous adverse correlates and consequences. Furthermore, evidence clearly points to the fact that the majority of patients who have anxiety disorders still go undetected and undertreated, despite considerable efforts over the last two decades to improve this situation. Less than half receive any treatment at all and only a fraction of those receive what can be considered even "minimally adequate treatment."

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Bakgrund: Stigmatisering kring människor som har psykiatriska diagnoser är vitt spridd. Det finns forskning som visar att detta också förekommer inom vården och att detta kan påverka den vård patienter med psykiatriska diagnoser får. Dessutom blir olika psykiatriska diagnoser allt mer vanligt förekommande i samhället, därför kommer även patienter med dessa diagnoser bli vanligare. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att belysa hur sjuksköterskor inom den somatiska vården uppfattar bemötandet och omvårdnaden av patienter med en psykiatrisk diagnos. Metod: Studien var en empirisk studie genomförd med en deskriptiv kvalitativ ansats. Det genomfördes 5 halvstrukturerade intervjuer med legitimerade sjuksköterskor från en somatisk avdelning. Materialet som framkom analyserades genom en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det framkom 4 huvudkategorier med totalt tio underkategorier. Kunskap: kunskapsbrist och förkunskaper, Bemötande: frustration, patientsyn och omvårdnad, Rädsla: undvikande, vaksamhet och ovisshet, Trovärdighet: tilltro och misstro. Slutsats: Tids och kunskapsbrist skapar en frustration vid omvårdnaden av patienter med psykiatriska diagnoser. Kunskapsbristen leder också till en rädsla för hur dessa patienter ska reagera och bete sig, samt för att sjusköterskan inte vet hur hon ska hantera situationen. Detta leder till ett undvikande av patienten och på så sätt till ensämre omvårdnad. / Background: Stigma concerning people with psychiatric diagnoses is widespread. There are studies that show that this also is common in hospital settings. This might affect the care that is provided to patients with psychiatric diagnoses. Psychiatric diagnoses are also increasing in the society which means that the number of patients with psychiatric diagnoses will increase as well. Aim: The aim of this study was to bring some light to how registered nurses working with patient with medical problems experience the care given to patients with psychiatric diagnoses. Method: This is an empirical study using a descriptive qualitative approach. 5 semi-structured interviews were conducted with registered nurses working in a ward for medical problems. The data that was received were analyzed using a manifest content analysis. Results: 4 main categories and 10 under categories emerged. Knowledge: lack of knowledge and pre-knowledge, Response to the patients: Frustration, patient view and care, Fear: avoidance, vigilance and uncertainty, Trustworthiness: trust and distrust. Conclusion: Lack of time and knowledge creates a frustration when caring for patients with psychiatric diagnoses. The lack of knowledge also leads to a fear of how these patients will react and behave, and a fear for not knowing how to handle the situation. This leads to a avoidance of the patients and by that these patients get an inferior care.

The aim of this work was to explore the nature of self-efficacy construct in patients with dual diagnose in the final phase of psychiatric hospitalisation. In the theoretical part, three topics are discussed: the self-efficacy construct, hospitalisation, and specific mental disorders. In the empirical part a qualitative methodology, based on the elements of interpretative phenomenological analysis, was used. The research sample consists of 5 patients with dual diagnoses, and a psychologist treating these patients in the Department of Dual Diagnoses in Bohnice hospital. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with all participants. The presented results include a separate analysis of key topics for each participant, as well as an overall analysis of all data. A new perspective of self-efficacy is emerging, spreading through three distinct levels - intrapersonal, interpersonal, and systemic. The discussion consists of the results linked to existing literature, as well as answers to research questions. KEYWORDS Self-efficacy - dual diagnose - hospitalisation - mental disorder

Introduction: In Sweden, around 350 children get cancer every year. In total, these cancercases account for less than one percent of all cancer cases in the country. During the child'scancer treatment, it is not only the child who is exposed to stress, but also parents can beaffected by physical, emotional and socio-economic strains. Health care must show care andrespect for patients and their relatives.Objective: The purpose of this literature review is to shed light on parents' experiences ofliving with a child who is undergoing cancer treatment.Method: A descriptive design with a general literature review as a method was used in thisstudy. The result was based on twelve original scientific articles from the databases PubMedand CINAHL. The articles were thereafter quality reviewed using SBU's review template"assessment of studies with qualitative method" (SBU, 2020).Results: Parents of children with cancer experienced physical and emotional, financial andsocial stress during the child's cancer treatment. Examples of the physical and emotionalstrains included stress, anxiety, feelings of guilt and lack of sleep. The parents experiencedfinancial burdens that were associated with reduced working hours due to the child's cancertreatment. This negatively affected the parents' working conditions. The parents' socialnetworks were also negatively affected as many parents reduced contact with their friends,family and partners. The parents experienced an enormous need for support during childhoodcancer treatment. Adjusted information from the health care system and participation in thechild's cancer treatment was perceived as an important contribution for the parents.Conclusion: Parents of children with cancer go through various physical, emotional,financial and social pressures. Physical and mental illness can develop in parents due to,among other things, the financial burden and stresses that come with the child's cancer. Theparents' health and well-being can be affected to a large extent by how they are treated by theHealth Service. This can be promoted by offering simple and comprehensible informationthat is individually adjusted to each parent. / Introduktion: I Sverige insjuknar cirka 350 barn varje år i cancer. Totalt står dessacancerfall för mindre än en procent av alla cancerfall i landet. Under barnetscancerbehandling är det inte bara barnet som utsätts för påfrestningar utan även föräldrar kandrabbas av fysiska, känslomässiga och socioekonomiska ansträngningar. Hälso-ochsjukvården ska visa omsorg och respekt för patienter och deras anhöriga.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att belysa föräldrars upplevelser av att leva medett barn som är under cancerbehandling.Metod: En deskriptiv design med allmän litteraturöversikt som metod används i dennastudie. Resultatet baseras på tolv vetenskapliga originalartiklar från databaserna PubMed ochCINAHL. Artiklarna har kvalitetsgranskats med hjälp av SBU:s granskningsmall“bedömning av studier med kvalitativ metod” (SBU, 2020).Resultat: Föräldrar till barn med cancersjukdom upplevde fysiska och emotionella,ekonomiska samt sociala påfrestningar under barnets cancerbehandling. Exempel på defysiska och emotionella påfrestningarna var bland annat stress, ångest, skuldkänslor ochsömnbrist. Föräldrarna upplevde ekonomiska belastningar som berodde på minskadearbetstider pga barnets cancerbehandling. Detta påverkade föräldrarnas ekonomi negativt.Även föräldrarnas sociala nätverk påverkades negativt då många föräldrar minskadekontakten med sina vänner, familj och partner. Föräldrarna upplevde ett enormt behov avstöd under barnets cancerbehandling. Anpassad information från hälso-och sjukvården samtdelaktighet i barnets cancerbehandling upplevdes som en viktig insats för föräldrarna.Slutsats: Föräldrar till barn med cancersjukdom går igenom olika fysiska, emotionella,ekonomiska och sociala påfrestningar. Fysisk och psykisk ohälsa kan utvecklas hos föräldrarpå grund av bland annat den ekonomiska bördan och påfrestningar som barnetscancersjukdom innebär. Föräldrarnas hälsa och välbefinnande kan påverkas till stor del avhur de bemöts av Hälso- och sjukvården. Bemötandet kan främjas genom att erbjuda enkeloch begriplig information som är individanpassad till varje förälder.

In dieser Arbeit werden drei voneinander unabhängige Verfahren zur Diagnose von Alterungsvorgängen an automobilen Polymer-Elektrolyt-Membran-Brennstoffzellen-Stapeln und -Aggregaten entwickelt. Gemeinsam ermöglichen diese Methoden ein tieferes Verständnis für die elektrochemischen Schadensmechanismen und stellen Mittel zu deren Reduktion zur Verfügung. Die erste Methode behebt die an Stapeln auftretenden Probleme konventioneller Zyklovoltammetrie mittels gezielter Modifikation der Spannungstransienten. Dieses Vorgehen ermöglicht die exakte und sehr zuverlässig reproduzierbare Bestimmung von Wasserstoff- Crossoverstrom, Doppelschichtkapazität und aktiver Katalysator-Oberfläche im Stapel und stellt damit eine neue Art der Alterungsdiagnose an Stapeln dar. Der Zweck der zweiten Methode ist es, die systematische Entwicklung einer schonenden Betriebsstrategie für Luft-/Luft-Starts auf Aggregate-Ebene zu ermöglichen. Hierfür wird eine Reihe von Referenzelektroden in ein Fahrzeug-Aggregat eingebracht, um die im Stapel während des Starts ablaufenden elektrochemischen Vorgänge örtlich und zeitlich aufgelöst beobachten zu können. Auf diese Weise werden zwei Startprozeduren analysiert und bzgl. ihrer Eignung verglichen. Beim dritten Verfahren handelt es sich um eine Parameterschätzung, die die modellbasierte Diagnose und Regelung von schwer zu messenden Zustandsgrößen zum Ziel hat. Der echtzeitfähige Algorithmus schätzt die aktive Katalysator-Oberfläche, die Gaszusam- mensetzungen auf Anode und Kathode sowie den rezirkulierten Volumenstrom mittels verschiedener Modelle für Stapel und Systemkomponenten.:(1) Einleitung (2) Aufbau und elektrochemische Limitierungen von PEM-Brennstoffzellen (3) Aufbau von automobilen PEM-Brennstoffzellenaggregaten (4) Eine Übersicht bekannter Diagnosemethoden für PEM-Brennstoffzellen (5) In-situ-Charakterisierung von PEM-Brennstoffzellenstapeln (6) Bewertungsmethode für Startprozeduren von PEM-Brennstoffzellenaggregaten (7) Online-Diagnose mittels gekoppelter Echtzeit-Parameterschätzung (8) Zusammenfassung und Ausblick / This thesis presents three newly developed methods for the diagnosis of deterioration in automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stacks and systems. The combination of these methods allows for a more comprehensive understanding of electrochemical degradation processes and provides means for their mitigation. The first technique aims at the elimination of problems associated with the application of conventional cyclic voltammetry on fuel cell stacks. This is achieved by specific modification of the voltage transients. The procedure enables the precise and highly reproducible measurement of the hydrogen crossover current, double layer capacity and the electrochemically active surface area within the stack and thus represents a completely new kind of stack diagnosis method. The intention of the second method is to facilitate the purposeful development of damage mitigating air-/air-startup operating strategies on system level. To that intent, a number of dynamic hydrogen reference electrodes are positioned within the stack of a vehicle system, which allows for locally and temporally resolved observation of the electrochemical processes. Using this method, two startup procedures are analysed and compared with regard to their suitability. The third technique is an online parameter estimation aiming at the model based diagnosis and control of quantities, which can only be measured with difficulty. The algorithm estimates the electrochemically active surface area, the gas compositions on anode and cathode and the recirculated volumetric flow using various models for stack and system components. With these three methods, all relevant parameters for the intrinsical quantification of the degradation of each single cell within the stack can be precisely quantified. The methods thus enable a direct observation of the deterioration of the fuel cell and contribute to a further increase in durability as well as faster and more efficient development processes.:(1) Einleitung (2) Aufbau und elektrochemische Limitierungen von PEM-Brennstoffzellen (3) Aufbau von automobilen PEM-Brennstoffzellenaggregaten (4) Eine Übersicht bekannter Diagnosemethoden für PEM-Brennstoffzellen (5) In-situ-Charakterisierung von PEM-Brennstoffzellenstapeln (6) Bewertungsmethode für Startprozeduren von PEM-Brennstoffzellenaggregaten (7) Online-Diagnose mittels gekoppelter Echtzeit-Parameterschätzung (8) Zusammenfassung und Ausblick

Our aim was to determine the characteristics, treatments and outcomes of patients with primary spinal glioblastomas (GB) or gliosarcomas (GS) reported in literature until March 2015. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles pertaining to cases of glioblastomas / gliosarcomas with primary spinal origin, using predefined search terms. Furthermore we performed hand searches tracking the references from the selected papers. Eighty-two articles published between 1938 and March 2015 were eligible. They reported on 157 patients. Median age at diagnosis was 22 years. The proportion of patients who received adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy clearly increased from the time before 1980 until present. Median overall survival from diagnosis was 8.0 ± 0.9 months. On univariate analysis age influenced overall survival, whereas tumor location, gender and the extent of initial resection did not. Outcomes did not differ between children (< 18 years) and adults. However, the patients who were treated after 1980 achieved longer survival times than the patients treated before. On multivariable analysis only age (< 60 years) and the time period of treatment (>1980) were confirmed as positive independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, primary spinal GB / GS mainly affect younger patients and are associated with a dismal prognosis. However, most likely due to the increasing use of adjuvant treatment, modest therapeutic progress has been achieved over recent decades. The characteristics and treatments of primary spinal glioblastomas should be entered into a central registry in order to gain more information about the ideal treatment approach in the future.

Hensikten med denne studien var å undersøke hvordan unge med diagnosen attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) erfarte denne lidelsen, dens behandling med sentralstimulerende medisin, og konsekvensene diagnosen og medisineringen hadde for deres daglige liv. Metode: En kvalitativ studie med intervju av ti ungdommer i alderen fra 13 – 18 år, hvor alle har diagnosen ADHD og ni var medisinert. Fem av informantene var gutter, fem var jenter. Intervjuene ble tatt opp på lydbånd og analysert etter prinsippene i Grounded Theory. Resultat: De unge definerte sin opplevelse av diagnosen på fire områder. Skole, fritid og venner. Sin egen opplevelse definerte de som; lettelse, skjule diagnosen, annerledes, anstrengelse. De unges opplevelse inngår i en kjernekategori” å leve et dobbelt liv” som inneholder fire hovedkategorier. Det er opplevelsen av å være avvikende, opplevelsen av å kjenne uro for framtiden, det er å føle skam for diagnosen og skjule at de tar medisin. Analysen indikerer en sammenheng mellom diagnose og medisinering og stigma for den enkelte unge på tre av områdene, unntatt hjemmet. Bruk av denne sammenhengen kan bidra til å utvikle et helsefremmende arbeid i forbindelse med diagnostiseringen av ADHD til unge menneske / The aim of the study was to investigate how youths with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experienced the disorder, it`s treatment and the consequences of the diagnosis and treatment on their daily life. Method: Ten youths between 13 and 18 years on age (five were females and five were males) with a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder who were patients in an outpatient unit for children and adolescents were interviewed by the author. The interviews were audiotaped and analyzed by principles and methods of Grounded Theory. Findings: Four main themes/basic areas were identified: Friends, school, leisure time and home. Friends: They characterised their relationships with friends as different. School: their experience of the school was centred around make a secret about the illness. Leisure time was described as to conceal their illness. Home was described as relief. A core category uniting these basic themes was the feeling of having a “double life” the essence of which was feeling shame about the diagnoses, fear of being different form other youths and insecurity about their future. This led to considerable effort being spent on concealing their use of medication. Their view on the medication was dominated by ambivalence. On one hand it helped them handle their daily routines, on the other it was a signal of being different from other youths. The study indicated that essential parts of the subjective life of these youths consisted of thoughts about their diagnosis, negative social consequences and efforts to avoid stigma. / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-16-0</p>

In my work I deal with use of dancing therapy in education through an emotional experience during active dance movement activities. I focus my attention primarily on the perception of the body in space and in relation to the group. My effort is to find a potential in connection of the didactics of the dancing education with the social learning. The goal of my dissertation is to design a dancing-educational project for a specific group of children, aimed at the physical and mental development with emphasis on refinement of the relationships within the group. The project is carried out and afterwards evaluated. KEYWORDS: dance, movement, relationship, upbringing, expression, perception, therapy, diagnose, emotion, music

Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho / Resumo: A utilização de bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (BPCPs) pode promover aumento na eficiência da fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN), com benefícios no desenvolvimento e produtividade de grãos de soja. Diante o exposto, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da coinoculação entre rizóbios e seis BPCPs (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus amyloliquefacens, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis e Pseudomonas fluorescens), inoculadas via semente ou em jato dirigido na base da planta no estádio V3, sobre a nodulação, nutrição, acúmulo de nutrientes e produtividade de grãos de soja no Cerrado. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em sistema plantio direto na Fazenda Experimenal da Faculdade Unesp, Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria – MS, Brasil. num Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico de textura argilosa, em cultivo irrigado. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 6x2+3, sendo coinoculação de rizóbios com seis BPCPs (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus amyloliquefacens, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis e Pseudomonas fluorescens), inoculadas na semente ou em jato dirigido na base da planta no estádio V3 da soja; além da testemunha sem inoculação e N, inoculação de sementes apenas com rizóbios (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), e tratamento com adubação nitrogenada (ureia). A coinoculação da soja com as bactérias promotoras de crescimentos via semente ou em estádio V3 proporciona maior número ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The use of plant growth promoting communities may increase the biological nitrogen efficiency, with benefits in the development and productivity of soybean grains. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation between rhizobia and six species of growth promoting bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus amyloliquefacens, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis e Pseudomonas fluorescens), inoculated via seeds or directed jet at the base of the plant in V3 stage, on nodulation, nutrition, nutrient accumulation and yield of soybean grains at Cerrado. The experiments were conducted under no-tillage system at the Experimenal Farm belonging to Unesp-Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-MS, Brazil, in irrigated cultivation. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, with four replicates, arranged in 6x2+4 factorial outline, being co-inoculation of rhizobia with six species of growth promoting bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus amyloliquefacens, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis e Pseudomonas fluorescens) inoculated in the seed or directed jet at the base of the plant in V3 stage in soybean, beyond the control without inoculation and nitrogen, seed inoculation only with rihzobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), and treatment with nitrogen fertilization (urea). The co-inoculation of soybean with growth promoting bacteria via seed or in the V3 stage provides greater numbers of nodules per plant relative to conventio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre