Ce sujet de recherche propose une description de quelques variétés linguistiques à tradition orale du Piémont occidental italien, selon les approches de la dialectologie perceptuelle et de la géolinguistique descriptive. Les variétés choisies comme objet d’analyse se situent dans la province de Turin, en bordure et au sein même des vallées piémontaises étiquetées comme « valles vaudoises » : Val Cluson et Val Germanasca (Val Saint Martin). L’aire que nous considérons est caractérisée par un contact linguistique marqué par une forte identité culturelle entre les parlers gallo-romans (minorités linguistiques, de type occitan provençal) et italo-romans (de type pédémontans) : ces variétés ne bénéficient pas d’une position paritaire ni d’un point de vue politico-administratif, ni dans la conscience des locuteurs qui entretiennent avec les quatre types linguistiques, i.e. l’italien (régional et moyen), les variétés occitanes et pédémontanes, ainsi que le français, une relation complexe. Nous avons relevé les processus variationnels (phonétiques et lexicaux) qui semblent marquer l’identité linguistique des locuteurs dans cet espace plurilingue, en tenant compte des perspectives, objective et subjective (perception des locuteurs quant à la variation linguistique de l’aire), diachronique et synchronique, dans l’examen des systèmes linguistiques choisis, très peu pris en considération par la littérature dialectologique récente. Cette double perspective permet également de clarifier la trajectoire de processus de changement phonétique qui impactent la restructuration des systèmes de ces vallées. / The thesis focuses on a description of four dialectal varieties (gallo-italian and gallo-romance) of the Western Piedmont (Italy) by adopting several linguistic approches, perceptual dialectology's and geolinguistics' ones. The géographical area is caracterized by a linguistic variation and a language contact, marked by a high degree of linguistic identity between gallo-romance (occitan) and gallo-italian (pedemontans) dialects : these varieties do not benefit of the same position by political and social points of view, nor in the awareness of the speakers.

Programa Institucional de CapacitaÃao Docente e TÃcnica / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A lÃngua e o seu jeito prÃprio de falar e de designar as coisas produzem uma riqueza enorme de variantes linguÃsticas, tambÃm patrimÃnio histÃrico-cultural da sociedade, que precisam sempre ser perpetuadas atravÃs do seu registro. Partindo desse pressuposto, a pesquisa em foco tem como objetivo geral elaborar o Atlas LinguÃstico do Centro-Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte. Para conseguir tal propÃsito, foram estabelecidos objetivos especÃficos tais como identificar as variÃveis extralinguÃsticas (diastrÃtica, diassexual e diageracional) nos fenÃmenos fonÃticos e lexicais; descrever a realidade do portuguÃs do Centro-Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte para identificar fenÃmenos fonÃticos e semÃntico-lexicais, que caracterizam diferenciaÃÃes ou definem a unidade linguÃstica no Estado. Esta pesquisa tem como fundamentaÃÃo teÃrico-metodolÃgica os pressupostos da Dialetologia e da GeolinguÃstica pluridimensional e relacional (Radke e Thun, 1996), em consonÃncia, principalmente, com os ideais do Projeto Atlas LinguÃstico do Brasil (ALiB) e do Projeto Atlas LinguÃstico do Rio Grande do Norte (AliRN). Considerando os dados socioeconÃmicos e culturais particulares da regiÃo pesquisada, foram selecionados oito pontos de inquÃritos: quatro da MesorregiÃo do Oeste Potiguar (MossorÃ, Apodi, Pau dos Ferros e JanduÃs) e quatro da MesorregiÃo Central Potiguar (Macau, Angicos, Currais Novos e CaicÃ). O critÃrio dessa escolha foi, primeiramente, o da importÃncia dos aspectos demogrÃficos, histÃricos, geogrÃficos, polÃticos, econÃmicos e culturais e a influÃncia delas sobre os outros municÃpios da regiÃo. Adotou-se, tambÃm, o critÃrio da equidistÃncia aproximada. Ou seja, todas as localidades foram distribuÃdas de uma maneira que abrangesse todo Centro-Oeste Potiguar, com uma distÃncia entre elas, de pelo menos, 70 km. Para a realizaÃÃo da pesquisa de campo, foram selecionados 32 informantes, levando em conta: a) sexo: para cada ponto, foram entrevistados dois homens e duas mulheres (um homem e uma mulher de cada geraÃÃo), fazendo um total de 4 informantes por localidade; b) faixa etÃria: foi distribuÃda em duas geraÃÃes: G1 (geraÃÃo de jovens de 18 a 32 anos) e G2 (geraÃÃo de adultos entre 48 a 62 anos). Em cada ponto, foram selecionados dois informantes da G1 e dois da G2; c) escolaridade: foram escolhidos os informantes com escolaridade igual ou inferior ao 9Â ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para todos esses informantes, foram aplicados dois questionÃrios (fonÃtico-fonolÃgico e semÃnticolexical) com o objetivo de coletar dados, possibilitando, assim, a elaboraÃÃo das 147 cartas linguÃsticas (84 lÃxicas e 63 fonÃticas) que formam o Atlas em foco e mostram a diversidade do falar da regiÃo pesquisada. Desse modo, esta pesquisa traz grandes contribuiÃÃes, pois registra a riqueza linguÃstica existente nas localidades pesquisadas e permite que o conhecimento da realidade linguÃstica seja constantemente aprofundado, por exemplo, pelos professores, levando os alunos ao domÃnio das variantes de prestÃgio, sem desprestigiar os seus falares de origem, contribuindo, assim para o ensino eficiente e eficaz da lÃngua materna na regiÃo em foco. / Language and its proper manners of speaking produce rich possibilities of language variations. It is also a historical and cultural patrimony of a society and it needs to be perpetuated though a registration process. Based on this presupposition, this research aims at elaborating a Center-West Rio Grande do Norte Region Atlas. In order to accomplish this purpose, a few goals were established to identify extralinguistic variations (diastropic, diasexual and diageneric) in phonetic and lexical phenomena. The main aim is to describe the real Portuguese language of Center-West of Rio Grande do Norte to identify phonetic, semantic and lexical phenomena, which characterize differentiations or can define Rio Grande do Norte State. This research has as theoretical and methodological foundations the Dialectology and Pluridimensional and Geolinguistic Relations (RADKE e THUN, 1996), in consonance, mainly, with the ideals of the Brazilian Atlas Project (Alib in Portuguese) and Rio Grande do Norte Atlas Linguistic Project (ALiRN in Portuguese). Considering socioeconomic and cultural data, eight places of inquiries were chosen: four in West Potiguar Mesoregion (MossorÃ, Apodi, Pau dos Ferros and JanduÃs) and four in Central Potiguar Mesoregion (Macau, Angicos, Currais Novos and CaicÃ). The criteria for this choice was, firstly, the relevance of demographic, historical, geographic, political, economic and cultural aspects and theirs influence on cities of that regions. We also adopted an approximate equidistance criterion. It means that all places were distributed in way that all Potiguar Center West region could be considered, with a distance, among them, of at least, 70 km. In order to accomplish this field research, 32 informants were selected, taking into account: a) gender â in each location were interviewed two men and two women (a man and a woman of each generation), a total of 4 informants for place; b) age â were distributed in two generations: G1 (generation of young people from 18 to 32 years old) and G2 (generation of adults between 48 to 62 years old). In each location two informants were selected from G1 and two from G2; c) schooling â two informants were chosen with schooling equal or inferior to 9th year of Elementary School. To all those informants were applied two (phonetic-phonological and semantic-lexical) questionnaires with the aim of collecting data, providing, thus, an elaboration of 147 (84 lexical and 63 phonetic) linguistic charts which compose the Atlas and show the diversity of speaking of the region. This research brings meaningful contributions, considering that it records the existent linguistic richness in the researched location and allows the knowledge of linguistic reality that can be constantly accessed by, for example, teachers, taking into account the domains of prestigious varieties without prejudice to studentsâ speaking origin, contributing, thus, to an efficient and effective language teaching in the analyzed region.

Orientador: Ataliba Teixeira de Castilho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T03:47:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_VandersiSant'Ana_D.pdf: 4135426 bytes, checksum: 5711735dd57d8eb65e3d2f47788e3fce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O dialeto caipira, descrito por Amadeu Amaral em 1920, era falado na antiga província de São Paulo até por volta do final do século XIX. Conforme Amaral, o dialeto, que teve grande vigor, vai perdendo terreno a partir das últimas décadas do século XIX, em conseqüência das profundas alterações que se verificam no meio social, estando ¿condenado a desaparecer em prazo mais ou menos breve¿ (Amaral 1920 / 1982: 42). A previsão de Amaral, todavia, não parece ter se concretizado. Em 1974, Rodrigues (1974) atesta a vitalidade do dialeto na região de Piracicaba. Retomando essa linha de investigação, nosso estudo procura verificar a presença de traços fonéticos e lexicais do dialeto caipira em Minas Gerais e no Paraná, com base nos dados do Esboço de um atlas lingüístico de Minas Gerais (Ribeiro et alii 1977) e do Atlas lingüístico do Paraná (Aguilera 1994). As duas áreas são relevantes para essa investigação pela sua proximidade geográfica com São Paulo e pelas relações históricas que envolvem os paulistas no processo de povoamento desses dois Estados vizinhos. Quanto ao nível fonético, nosso estudo se concentrou em cinco variantes: o ¿r caipira¿ ou retroflexo em final de sílaba e em posição intervocálica; o rotacismo da lateral em final de sílaba e em encontro consonantal; o apagamento do /r/ em final de palavra; a iotização da lateral palatal; a redução da proparoxítona. Quanto ao nível lexical, foram exploradas as possibilidades específicas de cada um dos atlas examinados (ex.: cambota, cuitelo, arco-da-velha). Analisado o corpus, constatamos a ocorrência das cinco variantes fonéticas mencionadas, tanto em Minas como no Paraná. Quatro dessas variantes ¿ o rotacismo, a apócope do /r/, a iotização da lateral palatal e a redução da proparoxítona ¿ mostraram uma distribuição mais geral nas áreas estudadas. Somente o ¿r caipira¿ exibe o caráter de uma variante mais propriamente geográfica no interior de cada território estudado, ocorrendo em áreas que refletem a influência paulista, ou por se encontrarem próximas a São Paulo, e/ou porque historicamente correspondem a áreas de penetração dos paulistas. A ocorrência simultânea das outras variantes fonéticas estudadas e de variantes lexicais nessas áreas contribui para caracterizá-las de forma mais consistente como possíveis áreas de resistência do dialeto caipira. Pesquisas complementares focalizando outras variantes do dialeto caipira poderão verificar a consistência dessa caracterização / Abstract:The Brazilian "Caipira" dialect, described by Amadeu Amaral in 1920, was spoken in what used to be the province of São Paulo until around the end of the XIX century. According to Amaral, this dialect, which was once quite wide-spread, started loosing ground in the final decades of the XIX century, due to the profound changes that occurred in the social milieu, and was "condemned to disappear in a relatively short time" (Amaral 1920 / 1982: 42). Amaral's prediction, however, does not seem to have been fulfilled. In 1974, Rodrigues (1974) verified the vitality of the dialect in the area of Piracicaba (SP). Continuing with this line of research, the present study investigates the presence of some phonetic and lexical features of the "Caipira" dialect in the Portuguese spoken in the states of Minas Gerais and Paraná (Brazil), based on the data of the Esboço de um atlas lingüístico de Minas Gerais (Ribeiro et alii 1977) and of the Atlas lingüístico do Paraná (Aguilera 1994). These two areas are relevant due to their geographic vicinity to the state of São Paulo, as well as the historic relations, during the process of settlement, of these two neighbouring States with the "Paulistas". On the phonetic level, our study was concentrated on five variants: the "caipira r" (or retroflex r) in intervocalic position and in coda; the replacement of the palatal lateral for a rhotic in coda and in consonant cluster; the deletion of /r/ in word endings; the replacement of [??] for [??]; the reduction of words that bear antepenultimate stress. On the lexical level, we explored the specific possibilities of each one of the atlases under examination (ex.: cambota, cuitelo, arco-da-velha). In our corpus analysis, we have attested the occurrence of all of the five phonetic variants mentioned, both in the states of Minas and Paraná. The last four of these variants have shown a more general distribution in the areas under study. Only the "caipira r" seems to be a true geographic variant in the interior of both territories analysed. It occurs in areas which reflect the influence of the "Paulistas", because these areas are close to the state of São Paulo and/or because historically they are areas where the "Paulistas" had been. The simultaneous occurrence of the other phonetic variants under study as well as of lexical variants in these areas suggests that these are areas of resistance of the "Caipira" dialect. / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

This paper treats the relationship between form and meaning in conditional constructions in Damascus Arabic (DA). More specifically, it treats two, main formal categories of DA conditional constructions: the conditional marker and the verb morphology and, further, how these are related to various degrees of conditional hypotheticality. Apart from the introductory section (Introduction, Aim, Method and Classification of DA), the paper consists of three larger sections: Section 2 gives a basic, theoretical background of crosslinguistic conditional constructions as well as what previous scholars have said about the crosslinguistic relationship between conditional form and meaning. It is found that many of these scholars tend to describe form, but neglect deeper discussions of meaning. This section also provides a general background of the verbal system in DA and the primary TAM (Tense-Aspect-Mood) categories of DA verb forms. The main analysis of this thesis is found in section 3. In this section, I first suggest a method of analysis called ‘the hypotheticality continuum’ which is then employed in the following sub-sections, following Comrie (1986). Thereafter, attention is first paid to DA protasis markers and how the choice of marker is related to hypotheticality. Thirdly, I deal with verb morphology and how the choice of verb form together with a given protasis marker contributes to creating even more fine-grained distinctions of hypotheticality in DA conditional constructions. Lastly, a presentation of results and final discussion in section 4 conclude the paper.

This essay deals with the use of linguistic stereotypes in Hollywood movies. It investigates whether attitudes towards English dialects found in studies on perceptual dialectology are reflected in the selected movies and discusses the notion of linguistic identity and how standard and nonstandard speech, respectively, are used symbolically to emphasize features of characters in eleven movies from three different movie series, namely The Lord of the Rings, Star Wars and Transformers, with a main focus on syntactic and phonological dimensions. The essay finds a correlation between standard speech and features of competence and wisdom, and nonstandard speech and features of solidarity, sociability and traits of stupidity and humor. Moreover, very specific perceptions of certain varieties of English are probably utilized as amplifiers of equally specific characteristics of some characters. The use of dialects and accents in these movies is probably intentional and not coincidental.

The present MA thesis presents an analysis of version D of the Early Middle English verse sermon known as the Poema Morale. The objectives of the study were to verify the present localisation of D in Western Kent and clarify its relations to two more copies of the same text (T and M). The research consistsed in analysing the language of the text it terms of its dialect and distinguishing between different layers of copying, where possible. The analysis was performed using the electronic tool Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, specific procedures included mainly analyses of maps showing the distribution of dialectal features found in D, which were complemented by discussions of forms which D shares with other Kentish texts or versions T and M. The aim of these discussions was the identification of words coming from the exemplar. Evidence supporting the localisation of D in Kent as well as forms presumably taken from the archetype were presented and put in the context of the results of previous studies.

Mgr. Andrea Svobodová Komplexní studium Rukopisu dzikovského se zam ením na grafickou, jazykovou a textovou analýzu eské sbírky kázání A Comprehensive Study of The Dzikowian Manuscript Focusing on a Graphic, Language and Textual Analysis of the Czech Postil Abstract The thesis submits a comprehensive philological analysis of the Dzikowian Manuscript, an insufficiently explored late medieval manuscript containing two postils, de tempore in Latin and de sanctis in Old Czech. The thesis aims to specify the place of this work in the context of medieval preaching, to critically review the previous research and to find new paths of research in evaluating this work. It is divided into three chapters, their common topic being attribution of both the postils on the grounds of codicological, content, and especially language features. Special emphasis is put on description of non-standard language phenomena, their interpretation being a key factor for transcription rules (one of the main results achieved apart from precising probable dating and localisation is a complete transcription of the Old Czech postil). The phenomena described enrich the existing inventory of deviations from the standard language and call for relating to other sources traditionally categorised as dialectal and thus for elaborating diachronic...

The aim of the thesis is to describe the Czech language in the context of the language situation in the Czech community situated in the south of the Ukraine in the village of Veselynivka in the Odesa Region. The core of the thesis is formed by results of a field research conducted by the author in 2018. The first part of the text presents a wider context for exploring Czech communities abroad, dealing with eastern emigration from the Czech lands and the current state of the Czech minority in the Ukraine. Next part of the work is devoted to the history and socio-cultural environment of the village of Veselynivka with a focus on education and religion. The following chapters deal with a comprehensive analysis of Veselynivkaʼs Czech, in which we proceed along different language levels - phonetic and phonological, morphological, syntactical and lexical. Linguistic analysis is carried out with an emphasis on two aspects. The first is the coincidence, or mismatch, of individual identifying characteristics with the dialects of Northeastern Bohemia. The second aspect of the research is the influence of the Russian or Ukrainian languages on the local dialect. The research proper draws mainly on transcripts of recordings and data collected in a supplementary dialectological questionnaire. Key words Czech...

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