INTRODUÇÃO: A hérnia diafragmática congênita é uma malformação fetal potencialmente grave, que está associada a alta mortalidade. Sabe-se que a prematuridade é um significante fator de risco para morbidade e mortalidade neonatal na maioria das doenças, porém sua relação com a hérnia diafragmática congênita pouco tem sido descrita. O que se tem observado nos estudos nesses fetos é que a incidência de prematuridade é maior que na população em geral OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a incidência de prematuridade nos fetos com hérnia diafragmática congênita e seus possíveis fatores de predição. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo coorte retrospectiva. Foram avaliados fetos com hérnia diafragmática congênita, não submetidos a fetoscopia, sem alteração de cariótipo, com até uma malformação maior associada à hérnia, que fizeram o acompanhamento ultrassonográfico na Clínica Obstétrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, no período entre janeiro de 2001 e outubro de 2014. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade materna, primiparidade, doenças maternas associadas, tabagismo, prematuridade anterior espontânea, malformação fetal associada à hérnia, hidropsia fetal, polidrâmnio na gestação, polidrâmnio no último ultrassom antes do parto, restriçã de crescimento fetal, feto grande para a idade gestacional, presença de fígado intratorácico, realização de procedimentos invasivos, lado da hérnia e LHRo/e. Inicialmente, para avaliar a associação com a prematuridade, as variáveis qualitativas foram submetidas ao teste de Qui-quadrado e as quantitativas ao teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Em seguida, foi ajustado um modelo de regressão logística múltipla com método de seleção de variáveis stewise para verificar quais variáveis poderiam influenciar na predição de prematuridade. Construiu-se curva(s) ROC para encontrar ponto de corte para a(s) variável(is) significativa(s) na predição de prematuridade, identificando-se os valores com melhor sensibilidade e especificidade a serem sugeridos para uso na prática clínica. RESULTADOS: Dos 80 fetos avaliados, 21 (26,25%) nasceram prematuros. Após análise multivariada o LHRo/e foi o único fator associado à prematuridade (p = 0,02). A curva ROC mostrou que com o aumento do LHRo/e ocorre o aumento da sensibilidade e diminuição da especificidade na predição do parto prematuro, atingindo-se uma sensibilidade de 93,3% com especificidade de 48,8% quando o LHRo/e é igual a 40%. As demais variáveis não se associaram à prematuridade após análise múltipla. CONCLUSÕES: A incidência de prematuridade encontrada foi de 26,25%. O LHRo/e foi o único fator preditor de prematuridade na amostra estudada. / INTRODUCTION: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe fetal malformation that leads to high mortality. Premature birth significantly increase the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality in most diseases; but its relationship with congenital diaphragmatic hernia has not been well described. Fetuses with diaphragmatic hernia have a higher incidence of prematurity when compared to fetuses without malformations. Furthermore, prematurity is associated with worse post-natal survival in these fetuses. However, no studies have evaluated possible prenatal predictive factors. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of prematurity in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and its possible predictive factors. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed. Inclusion criteria were presence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia; absence of fetoscopy; absence of karyotype abnormality; maximum of one major malformation associated with diaphragmatic hernia; ultrasound monitoring at the Obstetrics Clinical of Clinicas Hospital at the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, from January 2001 to October 2014. The following variables were analyzed: maternal age, primiparity, associated maternal diseases, smoking, previous spontaneous preterm birth, fetal malformation associated with hernia, fetal hydrops, polyhydramnios during pregnancy, polyhydramnios on last ultrasound, fetal growth restriction, fetus large for gestational age, presence of intrathoracic liver, invasive procedures performed, side of hernia and observed to expected lung to head ratio (o/e LHR). On individual analysis, qualitative variables were assessed using the Chi-square test, and quantitative variables by the nonparametric test of Mann-Whitney. After individual analysis, a multiple logistic regression model with stewise variable selection method was performed to select variables variables that could influence the prediction of preterm delivery. A ROC curve was constructed with the significant variable, identifying the values with best sensitivity and specificity to be suggested for use in clinical practice. RESULTS: Eighty fetuses were evaluated, of which 21 (26.25%) were premature. After multiple analysis the o/e LHR was the only factor associated with prematurity (p = 0,02). The ROC curve showed that as the o/e LHR increases the sensitivity also increases and there is a decrease in the specificity of preterm delivery prediction, reaching a sensitivity rate of 93.3% and a specificity of 48.8% when o/e LHR is equal to 40%. The other variables were not associated with prematurity after multiple analysis. CONCLUSION: The incidence of prematurity was 26.25% in our population. The o/e LHR was the only predictor of prematurity in this sample

INTRODUÇÃO: A hérnia diafragmática congênita é uma malformação fetal potencialmente grave, que está associada a alta mortalidade. Sabe-se que a prematuridade é um significante fator de risco para morbidade e mortalidade neonatal na maioria das doenças, porém sua relação com a hérnia diafragmática congênita pouco tem sido descrita. O que se tem observado nos estudos nesses fetos é que a incidência de prematuridade é maior que na população em geral OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a incidência de prematuridade nos fetos com hérnia diafragmática congênita e seus possíveis fatores de predição. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo coorte retrospectiva. Foram avaliados fetos com hérnia diafragmática congênita, não submetidos a fetoscopia, sem alteração de cariótipo, com até uma malformação maior associada à hérnia, que fizeram o acompanhamento ultrassonográfico na Clínica Obstétrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, no período entre janeiro de 2001 e outubro de 2014. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade materna, primiparidade, doenças maternas associadas, tabagismo, prematuridade anterior espontânea, malformação fetal associada à hérnia, hidropsia fetal, polidrâmnio na gestação, polidrâmnio no último ultrassom antes do parto, restriçã de crescimento fetal, feto grande para a idade gestacional, presença de fígado intratorácico, realização de procedimentos invasivos, lado da hérnia e LHRo/e. Inicialmente, para avaliar a associação com a prematuridade, as variáveis qualitativas foram submetidas ao teste de Qui-quadrado e as quantitativas ao teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Em seguida, foi ajustado um modelo de regressão logística múltipla com método de seleção de variáveis stewise para verificar quais variáveis poderiam influenciar na predição de prematuridade. Construiu-se curva(s) ROC para encontrar ponto de corte para a(s) variável(is) significativa(s) na predição de prematuridade, identificando-se os valores com melhor sensibilidade e especificidade a serem sugeridos para uso na prática clínica. RESULTADOS: Dos 80 fetos avaliados, 21 (26,25%) nasceram prematuros. Após análise multivariada o LHRo/e foi o único fator associado à prematuridade (p = 0,02). A curva ROC mostrou que com o aumento do LHRo/e ocorre o aumento da sensibilidade e diminuição da especificidade na predição do parto prematuro, atingindo-se uma sensibilidade de 93,3% com especificidade de 48,8% quando o LHRo/e é igual a 40%. As demais variáveis não se associaram à prematuridade após análise múltipla. CONCLUSÕES: A incidência de prematuridade encontrada foi de 26,25%. O LHRo/e foi o único fator preditor de prematuridade na amostra estudada. / INTRODUCTION: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe fetal malformation that leads to high mortality. Premature birth significantly increase the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality in most diseases; but its relationship with congenital diaphragmatic hernia has not been well described. Fetuses with diaphragmatic hernia have a higher incidence of prematurity when compared to fetuses without malformations. Furthermore, prematurity is associated with worse post-natal survival in these fetuses. However, no studies have evaluated possible prenatal predictive factors. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of prematurity in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and its possible predictive factors. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed. Inclusion criteria were presence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia; absence of fetoscopy; absence of karyotype abnormality; maximum of one major malformation associated with diaphragmatic hernia; ultrasound monitoring at the Obstetrics Clinical of Clinicas Hospital at the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, from January 2001 to October 2014. The following variables were analyzed: maternal age, primiparity, associated maternal diseases, smoking, previous spontaneous preterm birth, fetal malformation associated with hernia, fetal hydrops, polyhydramnios during pregnancy, polyhydramnios on last ultrasound, fetal growth restriction, fetus large for gestational age, presence of intrathoracic liver, invasive procedures performed, side of hernia and observed to expected lung to head ratio (o/e LHR). On individual analysis, qualitative variables were assessed using the Chi-square test, and quantitative variables by the nonparametric test of Mann-Whitney. After individual analysis, a multiple logistic regression model with stewise variable selection method was performed to select variables variables that could influence the prediction of preterm delivery. A ROC curve was constructed with the significant variable, identifying the values with best sensitivity and specificity to be suggested for use in clinical practice. RESULTS: Eighty fetuses were evaluated, of which 21 (26.25%) were premature. After multiple analysis the o/e LHR was the only factor associated with prematurity (p = 0,02). The ROC curve showed that as the o/e LHR increases the sensitivity also increases and there is a decrease in the specificity of preterm delivery prediction, reaching a sensitivity rate of 93.3% and a specificity of 48.8% when o/e LHR is equal to 40%. The other variables were not associated with prematurity after multiple analysis. CONCLUSION: The incidence of prematurity was 26.25% in our population. The o/e LHR was the only predictor of prematurity in this sample

No description available.

Largely as a consequence of the ongoing obesity epidemic, research into adipose tissue biology has increased substantially in recent years. Worldwide, the number of people classed as overweight or obese is growing, and this represents a major public health concern. Adipose tissue is broadly divided into two types; white and brown. Whilst white adipose tissue (WAT) functions to store and mobilise triglycerides, brown adipose tissue burns chemical energy to generate heat. WAT is further divided into visceral “bad” fat and subcutaneous “good” fat depots, and it is an increase in the former that is linked to obesity-associated diseases. As well as adipocytes, several other cell types including haematopoietic and endothelial are found within adipose tissue, and comprise the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) also reside within the SVF and are essential for the maintenance and expansion of adipose tissue. The protein encoded by the Wilms’ tumour 1 (Wt1) gene is predominantly known to function as a transcription factor, but also has a role in post-transcriptional processing. Deletion of Wt1 in adult mice results in a considerable loss of fat tissue. Moreover, recent work has revealed that a proportion of the APCs from all visceral WAT depots express Wt1, therefore revealing heterogeneity within the APC population. Additionally, visceral WAT depots are encapsulated by a WT1 expressing mesothelial layer, which has its origins in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), and can give rise to mature adipocytes. Lineage tracing has demonstrated that a significant proportion of the mature adipocytes in all adult visceral WAT depots (but not subcutaneous) are derived from cells that express Wt1 in late gestation. These findings uncovered key ontogenetic differences between visceral and subcutaneous WAT and led us to ask whether Wt1 functions in visceral adipose tissue biology. Preliminary work has shown that adipocytes derived from Wt1 expressing (Wt1+) precursor cells have fewer, larger lipid droplets than those derived from non-Wt1 expressing (Wt1-) precursors. In this thesis, this heterogeneity is explored further using a Wt1GFP/+ knock-in mouse. When Wt1+ and Wt1- APCs are cultured separately, the Wt1+ population differentiate into adipocytes more readily. Moreover, the Wt1+ APCs are more proliferative than the Wt1-. Preliminary results also suggest that the Wt1+ APCs may secrete a factor(s) that causes the Wt1- APCs to exhibit improved adipogenic differentiation, a result that is supported by data from comparative transcriptomic analysis. Finally, the percentage of APCs decreases when mice are fed a high fat diet. Interestingly, this decrease is more pronounced for the Wt1+ population. Therefore, it appears that as well as exhibiting differing behaviours in vitro, the Wt1+ and Wt1- populations respond differently to physiologically relevant conditions in vivo. Whilst the LPM is a major source of visceral WAT, the origin of subcutaneous WAT is currently unknown. Here, the Prx1-Cre and Prx1-CreERT2 mouse lines are used to investigate this. It is shown that the majority of subcutaneous WAT adipocytes and APCs are labelled by Prx1-Cre, however this is not the case for most of the visceral WAT depots. The exception to this is the pericardial (heart fat) depot, in which approximately 70% of the adipocytes and 40% of the APCs are labelled. Moreover, a proportion of the Prx1-Cre labelled pericardial APCs also express Wt1, therefore suggesting additional heterogeneity. Preliminary results show that this heterogeneity may have functional consequences, at least in vitro. Additionally, lineage tracing studies suggest that the somatic LPM may be one source of subcutaneous WAT and pericardial visceral WAT Finally, it is shown that the conditional deletion of Wt1 in the Prx1-Cre lineage results in abnormal diaphragm development. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is severe birth defect, the etiology of which is not well understood. Here, a new model of CDH has been developed, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the defect in this model are investigated.

L’ajustement de la pression expiratoire positive (PEP) durant la ventilation est difficile faute de cibles objectives. Cet enjeu est important en pédiatrie, car les nourrissons sont à risque de dérecrutement alvéolaire du fait de la faible rigidité de leur cage thoracique. Pour prévenir cela, ils maintiennent activement leurs volumes pulmonaires en conservant une activité tonique diaphragmatique (Edi tonique) durant l’expiration. La détection d’une Edi tonique élevée est donc un outil potentiel pour titrer la PEP. L’étude présentée dans ce mémoire a permis de proposer une première définition de l’Edi tonique élevée aux soins intensifs pédiatriques, soit > 3,2 mcV chez les 0-1 an et > 1,9 mcV chez les 1-18ans. Cette définition permettra d’aider à identifier au chevet les patients effectuant des efforts de recrutement et ainsi de pouvoir réévaluer le niveau optimal de PEP. Nous avons également montré que des épisodes d’Edi tonique élevée surviennent chez 62% des patients en ventilation non-invasive et 31% des patients intubés. Ces épisodes sont associés avec la bronchiolite, la tachypnée, et, chez les patients en ventilation non-invasive, à une hypoxémie plus sévère. La majorité des patients ayant présenté des épisodes n’avaient pas de contreindications à l’augmentation de la PEP. Ceci porte à croire qu’une stratégie d’ajustement neural continu de la PEP pourrait être une avenue intéressante. Nous complétons donc présentement l’étude NeuroPAP2 visant à évaluer la faisabilité, la tolérance et l’impact du mode NeuroPAP, un mode de ventilation permettant un ajustement continu de la PEP en fonction de l’Edi. / The optimal adjustment of ventilatory settings at the bedside is a challenge and the lack of clear targets makes setting the PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure) especially difficult. This is an important issue in pediatrics, as infants are at increased risk for alveolar derecruitment because of high chest wall compliance. To prevent this, they tend to actively maintain end expiratory lung volumes using tonic diaphragmatic activity (tonic Edi) throughout expiration. In older children, tonic Edi can be reactivated in disease states. Tonic Edi monitoring is thus a potential tool to guide PEEP titration. This thesis addresses important knowledge gaps about tonic Edi in ventilated children. We propose age-specific definitions of elevated tonic Edi in PICU patients: > 3.2 mcV in 0-1 y.o. and > 1.9 mcV in 1-18 y.o. These definitions will aid bedside identification of patient lung recruitment efforts and can prompt reassessment of optimal PEEP. We have also established that episodes of high tonic Edi are frequent in ventilated children (31% of intubated patients and 62% of patients on non-invasive ventilation). Those episodes are associated with bronchiolitis, tachypnea, and, in NIV patients, more severe hypoxemia. The majority of patients with those episodes have no contraindications to increased PEEP. These results make continuous neural adjustment of PEEP an interesting avenue. We are thus now completing this research program with a study to evaluate the feasibility, tolerance and impact of NeuroPAP, a new ventilatory mode allowing continuous neural adjustment of PEEP based on tonic Edi.

No description available.

Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

52 8 Summary The influence of defect size and surgical technique on the long-term morbidity of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of diaphragm reconstruction using a synthetic non-absorbable patch from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Gore-Tex) and primary repair of diaphragm defects on the long-term morbidity in children after surgery of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), with a primary interest in the influence of these techniques on the occurrence of skeletal deformities and the development of pulmonary functions. One part of this study is to introduce a new objective method for perioperative evaluation of the size of diaphragmatic defects to enable comparison of results among various centres and methods used for diaphragmatic reconstruction. Another part of this study is to evaluate the validity of lung function assessment using four unique methods of Infant Pulmonary Function Tests (IPFT) in children under 13 kg of body weight. Material and Methods: A study of 69 patients operated on between 1996-2010 for CDH, in which the clinical part of the study was performed between the years 2009-2011. The clinical study evaluated anthropometric examination, pulmonary function testing and a questionnaire study which focused on long-term...

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Anwendung der sonographischen Lungenbiometrie in der Pränataldiagnostik zur Erkennung einer Lungenhypoplasie. Im ersten Abschnitt wurden anhand definierter Messebenen Normwerte für verschiedene biometrische Parameter (Durchmesser, Länge) der fetalen Lunge erstellt. Im zweiten Abschnitt wurde diese Meßmethode mit Hilfe eines Hochrisikokollektivs (N=29) für die intrauterine Entwicklung einer Lungenhypoplasie hinsichtlich ihrer prognostischen Aussagekraft untersucht. Es konnte nur eine sehr geringe Sensitivität und Spezifität der verschiedenen Messebenen festgestellt werden. Die Vierkammerblickebene wies mit Werten für die Sensitivität von 57% und 44 % sowie für die Spezifität von 42 % und 50 % noch die höchste Validität auf. Eine Fehlbildung, die typischerweise mit der Ausbildung einer Lungenhypoplasie einhergeht, ist die kongenitale Zwerchfellhernie. Da die beschriebenen Messebenen bei dieser Fehlbildung nur schwer zu verwenden sind, wurde in der Literatur ein neuer Parameter, die Lung-to-Head-Ratio, in die pränatale Diagnostik eingeführt. In einem dritten Abschnitt wurde die Lung-to-Head-Ratio (LHR) prospektiv in ihrer prognostischen Aussagekraft bei 18 Feten mit isolierter Zwerchfellhernie untersucht. Neben dem Outcome (Überleben) wurden auch neonatale Ventilationsparameter sowie das Risiko der Entwicklung einer pulmonalen Hypertonie untersucht. Für die LHR konnte kein signifikanter Einfluß auf das Outcome gefunden werden. Es konnte kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der pränatal bestimmten Lungengröße und dem postnatalen Verlauf der Beatmungsparameter bzw. dem Risiko der Entwicklung einer pulmonalen Hypertonie gefunden werden. Die sonographische Erkennung einer Lungenhypoplasie ist möglich. Mit den derzeit vorhandenen Messebenen ist jedoch eine Einschätzung der Prognose einer Lungenhypoplasie pränatal nicht möglich. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Überlegungen, dass die kongenitale Zwerchfellhernie ein sehr komplexes Krankheitsbild ist, welches in seinem Schweregrad nicht nur durch einen Parameter (Lungengröße) eingeschätzt werden kann. / This study analysed the application of the sonographic lung biometry on the prenatal detection of pulmonary hypoplasia. The first chapter defined sonographic levels for the measurement of different biometric parameter (diameter, length) of the fetal lung. The second chapter analysed the application of this method regarding its predictive value in a group with high risk for developing pulmonary hypoplasia (N=29). The sensitivity and specificity of the various measurement levels was low. The level of the four chamber view had the highest validity with a sensitivity of 57 % and 44 % and with a specificity of 42 % and 50 %. The congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a malformation which typically develope pulmonary hypoplasia. The above described measurement levels are difficult to reproduce in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Therefor a new biometric parameter has been introduced in the literature, the lung-to-Head-Ratio (LHR). In the third chapter the LHR was analysed concerning the evaluation of the prognosis in 18 fetuses with isolated diaphragmatic hernia. The following parameters were examined: outcome of the fetuses; neonatal ventilation parameters; occurance of pulmonary hypertension. There was no significant correlation between the LHR at time of diagnosis of the diaphragmatic hernia and these parameters. The prenatal detection of a pulmonary hypoplasia using the method of sonographic lung biometry is possible. But it is not possible to predict the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia in these cases. It would seem that the lung is a too complex organ for it to be prognostically judged only by measuring a single biometric parameter.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-11859a.pdf: 1971801 bytes, checksum: dc22083567fcbecdefe8d1bc1ef866e9 (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 2 Publico-11859a.pdf: 1971801 bytes, checksum: dc22083567fcbecdefe8d1bc1ef866e9 (MD5) Publico-11859b.pdf: 1464854 bytes, checksum: ed8fffe60a11710f362faadbbbf6b037 (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 3 Publico-11859a.pdf: 1971801 bytes, checksum: dc22083567fcbecdefe8d1bc1ef866e9 (MD5) Publico-11859b.pdf: 1464854 bytes, checksum: ed8fffe60a11710f362faadbbbf6b037 (MD5) Publico-11859c.pdf: 618900 bytes, checksum: ce78a0221e4d7c2792bf114602ddb45d (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 4 Publico-11859a.pdf: 1971801 bytes, checksum: dc22083567fcbecdefe8d1bc1ef866e9 (MD5) Publico-11859b.pdf: 1464854 bytes, checksum: ed8fffe60a11710f362faadbbbf6b037 (MD5) Publico-11859c.pdf: 618900 bytes, checksum: ce78a0221e4d7c2792bf114602ddb45d (MD5) Publico-11859d.pdf: 1753706 bytes, checksum: 1aa5162c1f98a814fc5f261944e41f5a (MD5) / Desenho do estudo: Transversal, não experimental. Objetivos: Detectar e comparar as alterações funcionais esofágicas e da junção esôfago-gástrica em dois grupos de pacientes com lesão medular crônica, um no nível da inervação frênica e o outro em níveis torácicos superiores, e relacioná-las à contenção do refluxo gastroesofágico. Sumário e contexto: Em lesados medulares não há estudo manométrico esofágico associado à pHmetria. A estatística mundial revela que a prevalência de doença do refluxo gastroesofágico em lesados medulares é maior que a população geral, em torno de 22 a 27%. A "crura diafragmática" vem sendo reconhecida como importante barreira antirefluxo e, funcionalmente, deveria ser considerada como um músculo separado do diafragma costal, mas permanece a dúvida se essa diferença está relacionada com sua inervação. Métodos: O estudo é transversal em que participaram 29 pacientes com lesão medular completa, sendo 14 tetraplégicos (nível C4) e 15 paraplégicos (níveis T1 a T7). As alterações funcionais da junção esôfagogástrica, esôfago e diafragma foram avaliadas através da manometria esofágica e vídeo-fluoroscopia diafragmática; presença de refluxo gastroesofágico por dados subjetivos (pirose e regurgitação) e objetivos (dados pHmétricos e endoscópicos). Resultados: A prevalência da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico foi de 27,6%, sem diferença entre os grupos. Esta foi estatisticamente significante quando se comparou as médias da pressão da crura diafragmática (tetraplégico: 37,517,8; paraplégico: 26,67,2; p=0,048). Também teve significância em relação à prevalência de no mínimo um dos achados objetivos e/ou subjetivos de refluxo e/ou do peristaltismo esofágico (tetraplégico: 85,7%; paraplégico: 40%; p=0,011). Conclusões: A lesão medular no nível da inervação frênica não predispôs os tetraplégicos a um risco maior para desenvolver a doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. Paradoxalmente, a manometria mostrou uma contractilidade da crura diafragmática significantemente maior nos tetraplégicos. / Study design: Cross-sectional and non-experimental. Objective: To detect and compare functional abnormalities in the esophagus and esophagogastric junction in two groups with chronic spinal injuries, one with injuries at the phrenic innervation level and the other at upper thoracic levels, and to relate these to gastroesophageal reflux containment. Summary of background data: There are no studies on esophageal manometry with pH metering among spinal cord injury patients. Worldwide statistics reveal that the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease among spinal cord injury patients is greater than among the general population, at around 22 to 27%. The "diaphragmatic crura" has been recognized as an important antireflux barrier and should functionally be considered to be a muscle separated from the costal diaphragm. However, doubts remain regarding whether this difference relates to its innervation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 29 patients with complete spinal cord injuries: 14 quadriplegics (level C4) and 15 paraplegics (levels T1 to T7). Functional abnormalities of the esophagogastric junction, esophagus and diaphragm were investigated using esophageal manometry and diaphragmatic video fluoroscopy. Presence of gastroesophageal reflux was investigated subjectively (pyrosis and regurgitation) and objectively (pH metering and endoscopy). Results: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease was 27.6%, without difference between the groups. This became statistically significant when the mean diaphragmatic crura pressures were compared (quadriplegics: 37.5  17.8; paraplegics: 26.6  7.2; p=0.048). It was also significant in relation to the prevalence of at least one of the objective and/or subjective reflux findings and/or esophageal peristaltism (quadriplegics: 85.7%; paraplegics: 40%; p=0.011). Conclusions: Spinal injury at the level of the phrenic innervation did not predispose the quadriplegics towards greater risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease. Paradoxically, manometry showed significantly greater crura contractility among the quadriplegics. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações