Orientador: Leila da Costa Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T20:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trevisan_Lino_D.pdf: 1787863 bytes, checksum: 00fe4fa30be7da99e173cc8c8b7f59b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Neste trabalho investigam-se os significados de ciência, técnica e tecnologia em dicionários e enciclopédias de Sociologia e Ciências Sociais. Partindo do pressuposto de que é prática das Ciências Sociais, e da Sociologia em particular, definir o sentido dos conceitos, categorias e termos com os quais trabalha, aborda-se a importância de definir e atribuir significados aos termos. Em seguida, analisa-se o papel dos dicionários de Sociologia e Ciências Sociais, distinguindo-os dos dicionários de língua. Para desenvolver a pesquisa, recorre-se a procedimentos quantitativos com o objetivo de caracterizar as obras que compõem o corpus do trabalho, e a procedimentos qualitativos, como a análise de conteúdo, para analisar os significados dos termos ciência, técnica e tecnologia nos dicionários e enciclopédias de Sociologia e Ciências Sociais. Constatou-se que o termo ciência é empregado, sobretudo, com as seguintes acepções: sistema de verdades gerais, de conhecimentos sistemáticos, de leis, de princípios gerais; busca pelo conhecimento, processos de investigação; construção ideal e abstrata da realidade; atividade humana condicionada pela estrutura social; conhecimento mais valorizado. No termo técnica os sentidos mais comuns são: ciência ou arte; conjunto de meios e habilidades que os seres humanos utilizam para transformar a natureza e satisfazer necessidades e desejos; conhecimento, maneira de pensar, mentalidade técnica, racionalização; atividade humana, elemento da cultura. Por sua vez o termo tecnologia apresenta as seguintes acepções: arte, ciência e indústria; fator de produção, sentido econômico; trabalho e mediação das atividades humanas; objeto de estudo da Antropologia Cultural; estudo sistemático da técnica; ciência aplicada; cultura; objetos e artefatos; fonte de poder; sinônimo de técnica. Ao analisar os significados das definições dos termos técnica e tecnologia, se identificou como temas recorrentes: cultura; produção; visão otimista x visão pessimista; determinismo tecnológico e neutralidade; trabalho; poder; mentalidade técnica. Conclui-se que a variedade de significados e temas presentes nas definições dos termos, deve-se: i) à falta de definição de sentido com o qual o termo está sendo empregado; ii) à característica dos dicionários e enciclopédias que tem por finalidade apresentar definições de caráter geral e pretensamente neutro: iii) as definições registrarem acepções empregadas na área da Sociologia e das Ciências Sociais em períodos e contextos diferentes. A diversidade de temas - trabalho, produção, relações de poder e cultura presentes nas definições de técnica e tecnologia - evidencia que a questão tecnológica está articulada com dimensões importantes das relações socioculturais. Este trabalho apresenta contribuições para os estudos de ciência e tecnologia. Ademais, por usar dicionários que têm função pedagógica relaciona teoria sociológica e educação / Abstract: In this work the meanings of science, technique and technology in dictionaries and encyclopedias of Sociology and Social Sciences are investigated. Assuming that it is a practice of Social Sciences, and more particular in Sociology, to define the meaning of concepts, categories and terms with which it works, the importance of defining and assigning meanings to the terms is approached. Then the role of Sociology and Social Sciences dictionaries are analyzed by distinguishing them from language dictionaries. Quantitative procedures were used to develop the research with the objective of characterizing the works which make up the corpus of the work. Qualitative procedures, such as the content analysis, were also used in order to analyze the meanings of the terms science, technique and technology in the dictionaries of Sociology and Social Sciences as well as in encyclopedias. It has been found that the term science is mostly used with the following definitions: system of general truths, of systematic knowledges, of laws, of general principles; search for knowledge, investigation processes; ideal and construction of reality; human activity conditioned by social structure; most valuable knowledge. As for the term technique, the most common senses are: science or art; group of means and abilities that human beings use in order to transform nature and satisfy one's needs and desires; knowledge, way of thinking, technique mentality, rationalization; human activity, culture element. As for its part, the term technology has the following definitions: art, science and industry; production factor, economic sense; work and mediation of human activities; object of study of Cultural Anthropology; systematic study of technique; applied science; culture; objects and artifacts; power source; synonym of technique. The analysis of the meanings of the definitions of the terms technique and technology identified as recurrent themes: culture; production; optimistic vision versus pessimistic vision; technological determinism and neutrality; work; power; technical mentality. It is concluded that the variety of meanings and topics present in the terms definitions is due to: i) the lack of definition of the sense in which the term is being used; ii) the characteristic of dictionaries and encyclopedias which intends to introduce definitions of general and allegedly neutral nature; iii) the definitions record meanings used in distinct periods and contexts. The diversity of themes - work, production, power relations and culture present in the definitions of technique and technology - make evident that the technology matter is articulated in important dimensions of sociocultural relationships. This work has contributions to the studies of science and technology. Also, by using dictionaries which have pedagogical function, it links sociological theory and education / Doutorado / Sociologia / Doutor em Sociologia

Orientador: Angel H. Corbera Mori / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T22:59:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_VitoriaReginaSpanghero_D.pdf: 1753154 bytes, checksum: 7e24a47f3c5331c6136c758ce00771c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é apresentar o léxico da língua matis, propondo um dicionário bilíngüe matis-português. Essa língua, da família Pano, é falada por 250 pessoas no estado do Amazonas, sendo a grande maioria monolíngüe em matis. O trabalho inclui a etno-história dos matis, seu modo de vida atual e sua língua, bem como algumas características da família Pano. Apresenta ainda, um estudo sobre alguns princípios de lexicologia e lexicografia e do fazer lexicográfico, como também as relações entre a lexicografia, a lexicologia e a semântica. Algumas considerações sobre dicionários bilíngües são feitas a partir da comparação de cinco dicionários bilíngües indígena-português. Esclarecemos os procedimentos adotados na compilação do dicionário matis-português, pondo em prática a metodologia lexicográfica. Consta, também, nesta tese, um capítulo sobre alguns tópicos descritivos da morfossintaxe da língua matis, a fim de auxiliar o leitor no entendimento dos verbetes do dicionário. Por fim, apresentamos o dicionário matis-português, precedido de algumas explicações concernentes à sua organização. O dicionário apresentado nesta tese compreende 1547 entradas, organizadas em ordem alfabética. A notação utilizada é a fonológica. Para cada entrada são fornecidas informações gramaticais, semânticas e pragmáticas / Abstract: The objective of this dissertation is to present the lexicon of the Matis language through a matis-portuguese bilingual dictionary. Matis language belongs to Pano family languages and 250 persons at the Amazonas State, Brazil speak it. The majority of Matis speakers are monolingual people. This work contains an ethno-history of Matis people, their contemporary way of life and their language, as well some characteristics of the Pano family languages. We also present a study about some fundaments of lexicology, lexicography and lexicographical work. The relations among lexicography, lexicology, and semantics are shown in a specific topic. We consider bilingual dictionaries, taking a comparison among five indigenous - portuguese bilingual dictionaries. At the first part of the dissertation we explain the proceedings taken in the compilation of matis dictionary, calling the attention of the reader to the fact that these proceedings follow the lexicographical methodology. On this dissertation, we present yet a chapter about some descriptive morphosyntax topics in Matis language in order to allow the reader to understand better the entries. Finally, the Matis dictionary is preceded by some explanation about its organization. The dictionary presented on this work has 1547 entries, organized in an alphabetical sequence. The recordings of them are phonological, and each entry contains: grammatical, semantics, and pragmatics information / Doutorado / Linguas Indigenas / Doutor em Linguística

Thesis (MPhil (Modern Foreign Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Available dictionaries involving Afrikaans and German do not satisfactorily deal with collocations. Therefore, this study recommends a theoretically grounded design of a user interface for an electronic dictionary of German collocations for foreign language learners of German whose first language or mother tongue is Afrikaans. In order to be able to do so, a set of requirements is drawn up, upon which the electronic collocations dictionary will be based. On the one hand these requirements give consideration to lexicographic factors relevant to the envisaged dictionary; on the other hand a theoretical basis for the presentation of the electronic dictionary according to usability principles and standards is established. The underlying definition of collocations will be discussed as one of the lexicographic factors constituting the learner dictionary of collocations. Being primarily aimed at Afrikaans speaking foreign language learners of German, their usage situation plays an important role. At an intermediate language learning level topics to be conversed about become increasingly complex. As collocations offer adequate means of expressing these increasingly complex ideas, the learners’ need of collocational knowledge increases, even more with regard to the language production than to the language reception. As collocations are not dealt with adequately in available dictionaries involving Afrikaans and German, there is a definite demand for an adequate dictionary for this user group. The envisaged learner dictionary’s function and type will be determined accordingly. In addition to the lexicographic factors underpinning the design of the user interface, international usability standards DIN EN ISO 9241 (amongst others) and practical recommendations for user interface design by Jakob Nielsen (amongst others) are discussed. This discussion makes provision for the theoretically grounded presentation of the envisaged electronic dictionary of German collocations in line with usability standards. Finally, giving consideration to the set of lexicographic and usability requirements drawn up, a user interface design is recommended for the electronic dictionary for foreign language learners of German whose first language or mother tongue is Afrikaans. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Afrikaans / Duitse woordeboeke wat tans beskikbaar is, bied nie genoegsame inligting oor kollokasies nie. Dus word in hierdie studie’n teoreties gebaseerde voorstel vir ’n gebruikerskoppelvlak vir ’n elektroniese woordeboek om Duitse kollokasies op te soek, gemaak. Dié woordeboek is gemik op individue wie se eerste taal of moedertaal Afrikaans is, en wat Duits as ’n vreemde taal aanleer. Om voorstelle vir die aanbieding van so ‘n woordeboek te kan maak, word ’n stel vereistes aanbeveel waarop die elektroniese kollokasie-woordeboek gebaseer sal word. Aan die een kant neem hierdie vereistes die leksikografiese faktore in ag, wat relevant is tot die beoogde woordeboek en aan die ander kant word daar ’n teoretiese basis gelê vir die aanbieding van die elektroniese woordeboek volgens gebruikersvriendelike beginsels en standaarde. Die onderliggende definisie van kollokasies word bespreek as een van die leksikografiese faktore wat die opstel van ‘n kollokasie-woordeboek beïnvloed. Omdat dit primêr gemik is op Afrikaanssprekendes wat Duits as ’n vreemde taal aanleer, speel hul gebruiksituasie ’n belangrike rol. Op ’n intermediêre taalvaardigheidsvlak is die onderwerpe waaroor gepraat en wat bespreek word, heelwat meer kompleks en kollokasies bied die moontlikheid om hierdie toenemende komplekse idees uit te druk. Leerders se behoefte aan ‘n grondiger kennis van kollokasies vir taalproduksie, en minder vir taalresepsie, neem dus aansienlik toe. Die Afrikaans / Duitse woordeboeke wat tans beskikbaar is, gee egter nie genoegsame inligting oor kollokasies nie. Daar is dus ’n definitiewe leemte aan ’n woordeboek wat in hierdie gebruikersgroep se behoefte sal voorsien. Die beoogde leerderwoordeboek se funksie en soort word hiervolgens bepaal. Bykomend tot die leksikografiese faktore wat dien as basis vir die ontwerp van die gebruikerskoppelvlak, word internasionale gebruikersvriendelike standaarde soos byvoorbeeld die norm DIN EN ISO 9241 en praktiese aanbevelings vir die ontwerp van ’n gebruikerskoppelvlak deur byvoorbeeld Jakob Nielsen bespreek. Hierdie bespreking maak voorsiening vir die teoreties gefundeerde aanbieding van die beoogde elektroniese woordeboek van Duitse kollokasies wat in pas is met gebruikstandaarde. Laastens word daar op grond van die lys van leksikografiese en gebruikersbehoeftes wat opgestel is, ’n ontwerp van ‘n gebruikerskoppelvlak aanbeveel vir die elektroniese woordeboek vir leerders wie se eerste taal of moedertaal Afrikaans is en wat Duits as ’n vreemde taal aanleer. / GERMAN SUMMARY: Derzeit zur Verfügung stehende Wörterbücher mit Afrikaans und Deutsch behandeln Kollokationen auf ungenügende Weise. Daher wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine theoretisch begründete Gestaltung einer Benutzeroberfläche eines elektronischen Wörterbuches deutscher Kollokationen für afrikaans-sprechende Lerner des Faches Deutsch als Fremdsprache vorgeschlagen. Hierzu werden die nötigen Anforderungen erarbeitet, auf die das elektronische Kollokationswörterbuch aufbauen soll. Die Anforderungen werden einerseits aufgrund von lexikografischen Faktoren ermittelt, andererseits wird die theoretische Grundlage für eine gebrauchstaugliche Präsentation des elektronischen Wörterbuches erörtert. Die lexikografischen Faktoren, welche die Konzipierung eines Kollokationslernerwörterbuches beeinflussen, schließen den Kollokationsbegriff ein, welcher dem Wörterbuch zugrunde liegen wird. Des weiteren spielt die primäre Benutzergruppe des anvisierten Wörterbuches bei der Konzipierung eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Wörterbuchfunktion und der Wörterbuchtyp werden daher anhand des Bedarfs des afrikaans-sprechenden Lerners des Faches Deutsch als Fremdsprache mittleren Sprachniveaus ermittelt. Dieser Bedarf ist in der korrekten Verwendung von deutschen Kollokationen in der Sprachproduktion und weniger in ihrem Verständnis während der Sprachrezeption begründet. Die Notwendigkeit, diesen Bedarf zu decken, ergibt sich aus dem unbefriedigenden Umgang mit Kollokationen in den beiden Wörterbüchern, die dem afrikaans-sprechenden Lerner des Faches Deutsch als Fremdsprache derzeit zur Verfügung stehen. Aufgrund des elektronischen Mediums des anvisierten Wörterbuches, werden unter anderem internationale Gestaltungsgrundsätze der Norm DIN EN ISO 9241 sowie praktische Empfehlungen zur Gestaltung von Bildschirmpräsentationen von unter anderem Jakob Nielsen diskutiert. Aufgrund dieser Diskussion wird schlussendlich unter Berücksichtigung und Zusammenführung der erarbeiteten Anforderungen eine Gestaltung einer Benutzeroberfläche eines elektronischen Wörterbuches deutscher Kollokationen für afrikaans-sprechende Lerner des Faches Deutsch als Fremdsprache vorgeschlagen.