The purpose is to exemplify how the didactic model of organizing purposes can be used by teachers to support the development of chemistry education aimed at increasing students ́ action competence in waste management issues. We conducted didactic modeling with the exemplification phase as the research approach. To exemplify how the organizing purposes model provided support in didactic design and analysis, we created a teaching sequence of two lessons and implemented it in a class. The goal was to create progression between activities that would lead to students developing competence in action. Data collection was carried out through video recordings during these two teaching sessions, which were then transcribed and analyzed. During the analysis, we used the conceptual framework of organizing purposes: proximal purposes, overarching purposes, goals-in-view, and continuity. The exemplification shows that the model supported us in selecting activities to create a thoughtful progression. It also supported us in considering how to connect what students did with our overarching goal.

La recherche en titre réalisée au Québec, avait pour but de valider si une approche utilisant le lieu réel pour l’apprentissage des concepts de géographie, permettait à des élèves du secondaire éprouvant des difficultés d’apprentissage, le développement de compétences. L’approche d’éducation traditionnelle autochtone (Cajete, 1994), la Red Pedagogy (Grande, 2004). la pédagogie du lieu Place Baseci, (Gnicnewaid, 2003) de même que l’écoformation de Cottereau (1997). ont constitué les fondements théoriques qui ont étayé la proposition de développement de situations d’apprentissage utilisant le milieu de vie des élèves. Ces approches, presque ignorées des systèmes d’éducation formelle, installent l’objet d’apprentissage dans son contexte réel et non dans une intellectualisation de l’objet. Quittant le paradigme industriel d’éducation et privilégiant une approche dite par le réel, nous présentons ce que la recherche a permis (le développer en installant dans les scénarios d’apprentissage des manières informelles d’accéder aux savoirs formels par un autre médium que l’écrit. Les situations proposées ont été conçues et expérimentées selon deux modèles s soit à partir du manuel scolaire, soit à partir d’un modèle inspiré des principes pédagogiques sélectionnés. Les conclusions de l’ensemble de la démarche ont permis d’évaluer les impacts tant sur les enseignants que sur les élèves ainsi que les retombées pour le milieu et permettent de dégager les caractéristiques essentielles retenues de même que des éléments transférables issus des résultats de la recherche.

Den här undersökningen inom fysikdidaktik utförs enligt ramverket The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). Det didaktiska verktyget som ska utvärderas benämns Pictionary Physics. Studien börjar med en litteraturöversikt av multipla representationer och interaktivt engagemang. Översikten syftar till att utforska hur lärandet kan möjliggöras vid användningen av det didaktiska verktyget. Pictionary Physics användes sedan för att främja en interaktiv användning av multipla representationer i en grupp bestående av fyra studenter. Studenternas agerande studerades och analyserades kvalitativt, följt av en utvärdering av studenternas upplevelser när de använde det didaktiska verktyget. Utvärderingen visar att Pictionary Physics kan gynna konceptuell förståelse för begrepp inom fysik. Utvärderingen visar även att det didaktiska verktyget skulle kunna bidra till förbättrat studieresultat då studenter uppmuntras att använda multipla representationer på ett interaktivt sätt. Fortsatt förädling av Pictionary Physics föreslås. Detta är stommen för SoTL, där tanken är att konsekvent utöka var kunskap om lärandet av fysik. / This physics education research project is carried out following the framework of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). The didactic instrument investigated is termed Pictionary Physics. The study begins with a literature review of research on multiple representation, and interactive engagement. This review is used to evaluate the learning potential of the intended didactic instrument. Pictionary Physics was then used to facilitate the multi-representational interaction of a group of four physics students. The students’ behavior was studied and analyzed qualitatively, followed by an evaluation of the students’ experiences when using this didactic instrument. The investigation shows that Pictionary Physics may promote conceptual understanding of physics phenomena. The investigation also implies that this didactic instrument can contribute to improved learning outcomes when students are encouraged to interact by using multiple representations. Continued refinement of the Pictionary Physics concept is suggested. Such refinement is the essence of SoTL, incrementally expanding our knowledge of the teaching and learning of physics.

Studien syftar till att ta reda på hur musiklärare ser på motoriska problem, hur informerade de är om elevers svårigheter och hur de hanterar eventuella motoriska problem som kan uppstå i instrumentalundervisningen. I bakgrundskapitlet presenteras motoriska aspekter, samt tidigare forskning och studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter. Den forskningsmetod som använts i studien är den kvalitativa intervjun. Jag har intervjuat fyra lärare som arbetar med brasselever. Intervjuerna transkriberades, bearbetades och analyserades och de svar som framkommit utgör studiens resultat. I resultatet beskrivs hur lärarna får reda på motoriska problem och hur de hanterar dem. Det visar sig att de nästan aldrig får någon information. Lärarnas arbetssätt skiljer sig från varandra. Det finns två tydliga metoder: Task-specific training där lärarna övar eleverna på ett specifikt problem och det holistiska synsättet där grovmotorisk träning står i centrum. I diskussionen jämförs lärarnas svar med de motoriska aspekter som står i bakgrunden, forskningsfrågorna och det teoretiska perspektiv som jag valt. Jag ställer lärarnas tillvägagångssätt mot varandra och pekar på skillnaderna mellan deras metoder. / The study aims to find out how the teachers' look at motor problems, how informed they are about pupils difficulties and how they handle motor skill problems that may arise in instrumental teaching. The background chapter presents motor skill aspects, previous studies about the subject and the study's theoretical starting points. The research method used in this study is the qualitative interview. I have interviewed four teachers who work with brass pupils. The interviews have been transcribed, processed, analyzed and the answers came to constitute the study's results. The result describes how teachers' learn about motor problems and how they handle them. It turns out that they hardly ever get any information. The teachers have different approaches from each other. There are two distinct methods: Task -specific training where the teachers practice the students on a specific problem and the holistic approach, which is about gross motor training. The discussion compares the teachers’ responses to the motor skill aspects, research questions and the theoretical perspectives that I have chosen. I put the teachers approaches against each other, pointing out the differences between their methods.

In der heutigen Zeit wie auch in der Zukunft steht die Menschheit vor dem Hintergrund einer rapide steigenden Weltbevölkerung und dem Klimawandel vor vielfältigen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen. Die Nanowissenschaften bzw. –technologie stellen hierbei ein aktuelles und bedeutendes Forschungsfeld dar, dem ein signifikanter Beitrag zur Bewältigung dieser Problemstellungen zugeschrieben wird. Ungeachtet ihrer großen Bedeutung in Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft werden Inhalte aus diesem Themenfeld bislang jedoch nur zögerlich in formale und non-formale Bildungszusammenhänge implementiert. Dies eröffnet eine Reihe von Fragestellungen, allen voran ob dieses Thema für eine Vermittlung außerhalb der Universität geeignet ist und auf welche Weise es didaktisch aufgearbeitet werden kann. Anknüpfend hieran soll in der vorliegenden Arbeit zunächst aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln untersucht werden, welches Potenzial die Nanotechnologie für eine Vermittlung in Schule, Schülerlabor und Hochschule bietet. Hierbei wird herausgestellt, dass die Nanowissenschaften vielfältige Chancen für den Chemieunterricht bieten.  Aufbauend auf diese Grundlage werden anschließend Beiträge zur fachdidaktischen Konzeptualisierung dieses Themenfeldes vorgestellt. Im Rahmen einer didaktischen Rekonstruktion, welche den methodischen Rahmen der Konzeptualisierung bereitstellt, wird hierbei eine Klärung der Sachstruktur vorgenommen, um die elementaren Konzepte für eine Vermittlung herauszustellen. Von ebenso großer Bedeutung sind darüber hinaus die Perspektiven und Präkonzepte von Lernenden und Lehrenden, welche ebenso wie intrinsische und extrinsische Barrieren für eine unterrichtliche Behandlung empirisch erhoben bzw. identifiziert werden sollen.  Die ermittelten fachlichen Konzepte sowie die Perspektiven der Lernenden und Lehrenden werden schließlich miteinander verknüpft, sodass hieraus Leitlinien für die didaktische Strukturierung abgeleitet werden. Auf dieser Basis werden in dem Hauptteil der vorliegenden Arbeit nun in einem zyklischen Design Konzepte, Unterrichtseinheiten, –materialien sowie Lehrangebote für Schulen, Schülerlabore und Lehrer(fort)bildungen entwickelt, praktisch durchgeführt, evaluiert und weiter optimiert. Die Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeit wird dabei systematisch und in Anlehnung an die Basiskonzepte der Chemie erfolgen, um einen optimalen Anschluss an die Bildungsstandards bundesdeutscher Kerncurricula zu gewährleisten.

In this study it is not the author's aim to attempt to cover the field pertaining to the origin and development of the Eucharist. A vast number of competent works have been vrritten on the subject, but the primary purpose here is to examine the Eucharistic teachings of the Didache in the light of Canonical, early Christian, and non-Christian literature, in an effort to determine if the Didache presents the Eucharist (or Lord's Supper) in its original form as practiced in the primitive Christian Church of the first century. Further, we propose to show how the simplicity of the act was developed into a crystallized rite, or sacrament, by the time of the second century Church.

The influence of Vonnegut’s didactic purpose of writing on the treatment of theme  and structure in Slaughterhouse-Five is investigated in this study. The following  elements of structure are studied: point of view, the treatment of time, characterization,  the use of other sources, and imagery. These are constantly related to  the novel’s themes, such as war, cruelty, death, time, innocence, survival, free  will, fantasy and regeneration. Since Vonnegut himself survived the Dresden  bombings during World War Two, his novel is very personal, which is particularly  reflected in his point-of-view technique, the subject of Chapter One. Vonnegut creates  double narrators in Slaughterhouse-Five : a personal one, including authorial  intrusions, and an impersonal one. This division is a direct reflection of the  dichotomy between reality and fantasy that prevails in the novel.  In Chapter Two, Vonnegut’s treatment of time is demonstrated to be a process of  spatialization. Structurally, this means a fragmented narrative split into several  time levels that chiefly form what the author calls his ”telegraphic schizophrenic"  style. Thematically, the protagonist comes "unstuck" in time, thus succeeding in  confronting an absurd world and finally transcending death.  Vonnegut uses the depiction of character mainly to express ideas and to reinforce  themes, since he regards his characters as "bugs in amber," involuntarily stuck,  excepting their capacity for fantasy. To facilitate the reader’s recognition of  these sketchy characters, Vonnegut has equipped them with marks of recognition,  often repeated, and names that provide clues to their personalities. All characters  are shown to be isolated and lonely, except on Tralfamadore where a dream woi;ld  exists.  In the fourth chapter, Vonnegut’s use of other sources is examined. His carefully  chosen quotations fall into two groups: first, historical sources that verify facts,  such as the Dresden catastrophy; second, fictional sources that stimulate the human  imagination, which turns out to be the protagonist's means of survival.  Finally, imagery in Slaughterhouse-Five, studied in Chapter Five, is found to be  used for enrichment of a style otherwise characterized by great economy. Much of  the imagery strikes a humorous tone. A simple, quotidian vocabulary is developed.  War imagery is used to deglorify war. Animal imagery is invoked to ridicule and to  show man’s true place in the universe. Several oxymora further reinforce the incongruity  prevailing in the Vonnegutian world. The negative effect of imagery is  also found in symbols pertaining to Billy’s life situation. As a contrast, however,  there are also positive symbols emphasizing nature’s annual cycle of rebirth signifying  hope and regeneration.  Many of the stylistic elements studied reveal that Vonnegut has chosen thematic and  structural solutions that make his novel accessible to a large reading audience.  The fragmented, at times circular, structure of Slaughterhouse-Five is indeed a  "dance with death." In a thematic sense, death is the writer’s own muse that he  must dutifully dance with in order to create his work of art. Slaughterhouse-Five  is not only Vonnegut’s account of his own war experience but also a statement on  the human condition. / digitalisering@umu

This study compares the effects of a relationship-oriented practicum to those of a mixed, didactic-intellectual, relationship-oriented practicum upon counseling behavior and personality. These effects are determined by ratings of audiotape recordings as well as by a personality inventory. The audiotape ratings measure changes in counseling behavior, while the personality inventory measures personality changes.

Cette thèse aborde la problématique de la génération des connaissances au cours de la phase de conception et plus particulièrement en conception collaborative. Il est proposé d'exploiter les connaissances en conception après une phase de collecte, de capture. Après une phase de capitalisation viendra une étape de réarrangement de ces connaissances. Un processus appelé "Processus d'Ingénition" est montré. Établi sur le principe de description de graphes de connaissances augmentées d'une triple instrumentation, ce processus permet une analyse originale des phases de conception d'un produit. Des applications à l'ingénierie didactique et à l'ingénierie pédagogique ont vu le jour au cours de ce travail. Les domaines de la conception collaborative de produits, de la didactique et de la gestion des connaissances sont mis en regard pour proposer une vision originale du processus de conception collaborative. / This thesis deals with knowledge generation problems during product design and more particularly in collaborative design. By integration of thee fields, collaborative product design, didactic engineering and knowledge management, we propose a generic framework. The main proposition is to capture, capitalize, reorganize and then exploit the knowledge in the field of design product. In the first step we develop a conceptual framework as “process of ingenition”. This global process allows defining the macro level positioning. In the second step the graph of knowledge description with a “triple instrumentation” developed. This process leads to have an original analysis of product design. At last we submit an application of proposed process in didactic and teaching engineering.

Title: Analysis of Didactic Interaction in Group Skiing Lessons for Adults Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to perform detailed analysis and comparison of the didactic teacher - student interaction during adult skiing lessons between two instructors with the same level of experience but different educational background. Methods: In our research we have employed a participant observation method using classification into a category system based on a standardised MADI (Modified Analysis of Didactic Interaction) technique. This includes 7 categories describing the forms of the teacher's behaviour, the didactic content of the lessons, didactic situations, and attitudinal characteristics. Results: The results of the study confirmed, among others, a higher incidence of the two most effective forms of teacher behaviour (correction and feedback information provision) in the instructor with pedagogical education, which was associated with a higher quality of the teaching process. Keywords: teaching, skiing, instructor, didactic interaction, analysis, ADI, MADI