Notre thèse vise à étudier et caractériser les situations didactiques mises en oeuvre pour l’enseignement de l’anglais, une discipline linguistique, et des sciences, une discipline non-linguistique, dans des classes primaires bilingues en Thaïlande. Pour ce faire, nous étudions l’action conjointe de trois professeurs étrangers et d’une professeure thaïlandaise et de leurs élèves dans deux classes bilingues de Grade 6 (6ème). Les analyses des situations décrites dans notre thèse s’appuient sur des transcriptions extraites de trois séquences, soit trente cinq séances filmées dans les deux classesobservées. Pour mener ces analyses, nous nous appuyons sur un cadre théorique qui s’articule autour de notions empruntées à la Théorie de l’Action conjointe en Didactique et à la didactique des langues étrangères. Dans nos analyses de la pratique effective, nous étudions les séquences mises en oeuvre par les quatre professeurs à différents niveaux de grain d’analyse. Pour l'analyse à grain fin, nous avons retenu des situations semblables dans les deux classes afin de pouvoir établir des constats croisés sur les différences et similarités entre ces situations. A ce niveau de nos analyses, nous étudions plus particulièrement la façon dont les jeux d’apprentissage et l’équilibration contrat-milieu sont mis enoeuvre afin de permettre la construction du savoir en jeu par les élèves. A la fin de notre thèse, nous exposons les points communs et différences entre les professeurs étudiés et émettons des propositions pour l’enseignement d’une langue étrangère et l’enseignement de matières par l’intégration d’une langue étrangère et pour la formation des professeurs thaïs et étrangers / Our research aims to study and characterize didactic situations implemented to teach and learn English, as a foreign language, and Science, a non-linguistic subject, in primary classes in a bilingual stream in Thailand. To do so, we study the joint action of three English native speaker teachers and a Thai teacher and their Grade 6 students. The analyses of the situations described in our research are based on transcriptions extracted from six teaching units or thirty-five sessions filmed in the two observed classes. To conduct our analyses, we use a theoretical framework that brings together notionscoming from the Joint Action Theory in Didactics and the didactics of foreign languages. In our empirical study, we examine the teaching units implemented by the four teachers in two classes at different levels of analyses. For our fine-grained study, we have chosen similar didactic situations from the two classes so as to bring to light the differences and similarities in these situations. In our analyses, we study more particularly how the learning games and the contract-milieu equilibration are implemented in order to develop the students’ knowledge. Then, we describe the commonalities and differences between the four teachers. At the end of our thesis, we make propositions for language teaching and the teaching of other subjects through English and for the training of both Thai and foreign teachers

The thesis analyses a previously untreated and unexplored treatise entitled De modulo studendi. It is located in ms. M I 357, kept in the Research Library in Olomouc, formerly from the Carthusian monastery in Olomouc. In the first part the problem of dating the treatise and the manuscript is discussed by analyzing the physical characteristics of the manuscript and its content. It seems likely that the manuscript was written sometime in 1450-1460's. The treatise itself seems to be written after 1456. In this section is also shown, how the medical part of the treaties depends directly on a set of medical prescriptions, called Recepta ac consila medica, which precede the treatise in the manuscript. In the second part the content of each chapter of De modulo studendi is summarized and commented. The treatise provides special advices on schoolbooks at the university level as well as the general advices for successful study. An edition of the selected parts of the treatise is also included in this work.

The aim of this study is to collect the recent data about the establishing the lines of pluripotent stem cell and the usage of these cells for biomedical purposes. On this example, we integrated the education in life science and social science. Pluripotent stem cells were used as a key topic. During our project, we completed the PowerPoint presentation which provides the elementary knowledge on the method for establishing of pluripotent cell lines and the usage of these cells for biomedicine. We created the Czech version of didactic game PlayDecide based on the European Union project. Based on the experiences from this didactic game, the students will learn basic information on pluripotent stem cells and their usage in biomedicine. Students will establish their own opinion on ethical aspects of this topic. Students could be able to defend their opinion and to acknowledge all problems which stem from the suggested solutions. We tested this didactic game in schools.

Title: Didactic interaction between teacher and child in preparatory swimming lessons. Objects: The object of this thesis was to describe and analyze the interaction profiles of two kindergarten teachers. Both teachers have many years of teaching experience of preparatory swimming lessons with children 3 to 4 years old. At the same time the aim was to contribute to the objectification of ideas about the specific didactic interaction in the physical learning in the water. Methods: The method of participant observation of two kindergarten teachers with many years of teaching experience was used at this thesis. The data collection was realized by taking a video. Processing and evaluating of the video followed using a modified analysis of didactic interaction method. The method of questioning was also used for the observed teachers. Results: According to our results the most common form of behavior of two selected teachers during the lessons was instruction. The most common of one of our selected teacher was using notification. The other teacher was using feedback and participation the most often. According to the content of didactic interaction dominated learning activities in all analyzed videos. The organization activities were evaluated by the program of modified analysis of didactic interaction as...

The aim of this thesis was to explore food safety as part of Home and consumer studies (HCS) education in Swedish compulsory school. Firstly, a nationwide web-based questionnaire was performed among HCS teachers to obtain an overall picture of their knowledge, behaviour and attitudes regarding food safety.  The second study was a questionnaire among school Year 9 students, where the data were collected using a student response system. The questions were related to the students’ food safety knowledge and behaviour, as well as cooking habits and sources of food safety knowledge and trust. Finally, qualitative interviews were performed among HCS teachers regarding their didactic choices of teaching content. The results indicated a routine behaviour connected to cleaning practices and teaching regarding different perishable food to differ between teachers. The students’ food safety knowledge and behaviour were reported to be inadequate, especially among boys, and that students might leave school without having learnt even basic food safety principles. Mothers and thereby the home were reported to be an important as well as a trusted source of food safety knowledge, especially among the girls. Boys reported HCS to also be an important as well as trusted source, especially students that rarely or never reported to cook at home. For those students HCS must be seen as particularly valuable. To increase the students’ learning, the teaching needs to be related to the students’ everyday practices and to be more reflective in order for it to be practiced outside the HCS classroom. The teachers’ didactic choices could imply consequences for the students’ food safety learning and a need for more education and updated information for the teachers was noticed. In summary, the results indicate that risk areas related to all the Four Cs in Food safety (Cooking, Cleaning, Chilling and avoidance of Cross-contamination) need to be highlighted in HCS teaching and for food safety to become a conscious didactic choice for the teachers.  As teaching regarding food safety in HCS seem to differ it needs to be highlighted in HCS policy documents to ensure equivalent food safety learning for all students in compulsory school.

C'est face à la montée fulgurante de l'informatique pour tous que débute cette thèse. L'usage des nouvelles technologies se propage dans tous les domaines. L'éducation est bien sûr concernée par ce phénomène.C'est ainsi que nous remonterons le temps aux débuts de l'éducation en retraçant les évolutions qui l'ont affectée. Ceci nous permettra de mieux comprendre comment les bouleversements d'aujourd'hui s'intègrent dans notre système actuel. Nous étudierons tout particulièrement l'encyclopédie Wikipedia, véritable phénomène de société par sa gestion innovante. Comment est-elle appréhendée dans l'enseignement ? Notre étude essaiera d'apporter des éclaircissements dans ce domaine. L'encyclopédie est-elle exploitée par la population enseignante dans leurs pratiques professionnelles ? Cet espace collaboratif occupe-t-il toute sa place dans le monde de l'éducation ? Ces questionnements nous permettront d'élaborer notre plan d'étude. Il nous conduira en conclusion vers les modalités d'intégration de ces nouveaux espaces de ressources partagées dans l'enseignement. / The genesis of this thesis is the lightning rise of Information Technology. The use of new technologies is spreading in every field. Education is of course affected by this trend.This is why we will go back in time to the early stages of education by observing its evolution.This will allow us to better understand how today's changesfit into our current system. We will study with particular interest the Wikipedia encyclopedia, a genuine phenomenon of our time by his innovative approach. How is it utilized in teaching? Our study will attempt to bring light to such areas.How is the encyclopedia utilized in education, and particularly by teachers?Does this collaborative field occupy all its place in the world of education?These questions will allow us to develop our study plan. It will as a conclusion lead us towards the integration modes of these new shared-resource fields in teaching.

A partir de la conception d'un simulateur dans le domaine de la kinésithérapie respiratoire, il a été cherché à connaître les conditions pour que la réingénierie de la formation des masseurs-kinésithérapeutes favorise un développement professionnel de qualité, conformément à la loi n° 2002-303 du 4 mars 2002 relative aux droits des malades et à la qualité du système de santé. La recherche documentaire a permis d'inscrire les travaux dans le champ de l'anthropologie du développement des adultes. Puis, une analyse de pratique professionnelle de cinq experts kinésithérapeutes a été effectuée pour identifier les savoirs mobilisés au cours de leurs pratiques et les didactiser. Enfin, une étude auprès de cent cinquante-sept masseur-kinésithérapeutes a repéré la représentation de la notion de qualité en santé de ceux-ci. Les résultats font apparaître les schèmes qui structurent l'action des experts et l'importance du raisonnement clinique pour passer d'une compétence d'exécution à une compétence d'adaptation indispensable à la qualité des soins et à la sécurité du patient. Il est montré que les représentations des masseurs-kinésithérapeutes en matière de qualité en santé pourraient faciliter ce changement de compétence. Les résultats de la thèse montrent que, pour développer les compétences nécessaires d'adaptation des professionnels, la production des savoirs en masso-kinésithérapie, la didactisation et l'enseignement de ceux-ci doivent être réalisés par des enseignants-chercheurs. Les travaux de recherche en masso-kinésithérapie doivent se dérouler au sein de laboratoires dédiés, dans le cadre d'une discipline universitaire en masso-kinésithérapie. / From the conception of a simulator in the infant respiratory physiotherapy domain, we searched the ideal conditions to bring the re-ingeneering training of physiotherapists to support a good professional development, in accordance with the law 2002-303 of march 4th, 2002, concerning the patients' rights and the quality of the health system. The documentary research permitted to identify the work as the adults development anthropology sector.A professional practical analysis of five physiotherapist experts was then realized in order to identify the knowledge that was used during the practice and to didactise it. Finally, their representation of the health quality notion was noticed in a survey realized with a hundred and fifty seven physiotherapists. The study results show the schemes that build the experts' actions and the importance of the clinical reasoning to move from an accomplishment skill to an adjustment skill necessary for the aid's quality and the patients' security. It was showed that the physiotherapists' representations concerning the health quality could make the change easier. The thesis results show that in order to develop the necessary adaptation skills of the professionals, the production of knowledge in physiotherapy, the didactisation and the teaching of these must be realized by researchers' instructors. The research in physiotherapy must occur in dedicated laboratories, in a university discipline context in physiotherapy

O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar a apresentação dos conteúdos culturais nos livros didáticos destinados aos anos iniciais do ensino primário, além de investigar as orientações destinadas às professoras sobre como transmitir essa cultura. Para isso, foi feita a análise de 21 livros didáticos da área de língua portuguesa, de 1912 a 2012, organizados em 3 grupos de acordo com o critério de autoria dos textos literários nesses materiais: os livros cujos textos foram produzidos pelo próprio autor do livro didático, aqueles que foram produzidos por autores da literatura brasileira e aqueles livros que trazem tanto textos de outros autores quanto do autor do próprio livro. Por meio da perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais e da análise do discurso tal como proposta por Michel Foucault (2017), observou-se o que é legitimado enquanto cultura nesses materiais e quais são as orientações dadas ao docente para sua transmissão. Escolheu-se o livro didático como objeto da pesquisa devido à sua relevância no ensino brasileiro, ao seu alcance na educação formal e à sua característica de representante do currículo seriado. Investigando tal objeto, colabora-se com a caracterização da cultura escolar brasileira. A partir da análise do que está presente nos livros didáticos, também foi possível identificar quais referências culturais ficam de fora deles e, desse modo, colaborar para a compreensão dos efeitos normativos da cultura escolar, tema recorrente nos Estudos Culturais. Além disso, o trabalho refletiu sobre o governo da cultura por meio de um material escolar legitimado por regulamentações do Estado como o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD). Descobriu-se que os livros didáticos participam do processo civilizador, selecionando e transmitindo valores culturais, civis, morais e nacionais, além de legitimarem a cultura neles transmitida, instituindo um governo a distância com relação ao ensino e à aprendizagem na escola. Essa cultura transmitida é a do cânone literário, representada e preservada pelos diversos gêneros literários, sobretudo a poesia, mas também a cultura infantil, pela apresentação de outros gêneros como as cantigas, palavras-cruzadas, histórias em quadrinhos, ilustrações, dentre outros, além da cultura da mídia que aparece nos livros mais recentes por meio de imagens e referências. O trabalho também mostra que a seleção dos conteúdos culturais feita nos livros didáticos é regulada por leis e parâmetros curriculares, assim como pelos valores desejados pela sociedade a que se destinam / The aim of this work is to characterize the presentation of cultural contents in the didactic books for primary education, besides investigating the guidelines for teachers on how to use this culture. For that, the analysis of 21 didactic books on the area of Portuguese language from 1912 to 2012 was organized in 3 groups according to the criteria of authorship of the literary texts considered as culture in these materials: the books whose texts were produced by the author of the didactic book, those produced by authors of Brazilian literature, and those books that combine different authorships for their texts. From the perspective of Cultural Studies and the analysis of discourses as proposed by Michel Foucault (2017), we observed what is legitimized as culture in these materials and what are the guidelines given to the teacher for its transmission. The textbook was chosen as the object of this research due to its relevance in Brazilian education, within its reach in formal education and its characteristic of representative of the curriculum. Investigating this object, it collaborates with the cultural mapping of the Brazilian school. Analysing what is presented in didactic books, it is also possible to identify which cultural references are left out of them, in order to collaborate to understand the normative effects of culture in school, a recurrent theme in Cultural Studies. In addition, the research investigates how the government of culture develops through a school material legitimized by State regulations such as the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD). It was found that textbooks assume the educational character of the civilizing process, selecting and transmitting cultural, civil, moral and national values, as well as legitimizing the culture transmitted in them, establishing a government from distance in relation to teaching and learning in school. This transmitted culture is that of the literary canon, represented and preserved by the different literary genres, especially poetry, but also the infantile one, by the presentation of other genres as songs, crosswords, comics, illustrations, among others, besides media culture that appears in the most recent books through images and references. It was also seen that the selection of cultural content in textbooks is based on the regulatory systems of the government, both the formal and curricular laws and parameters, as well as that referring to the desired values for a given society

This dissertation thesis is focused on problems of multimedia and e-learning and their use in chemistry education. In the theoretical part the knowledge dealing with problems of motivation, possibilities of connecting computer technics and multimedia into the educational process, requirements putting on authors of electronical materials and their users are summarized. Questions of knowledge testing and didactics tests production are also mentioned. In the practical part the description of the properties, possibilities and instructions of the use of the educational multimedia computer systems "School as a game", "Qualitative analysis" and "Nobel Prizes in chemistry" is carried out. These programs are determined for pupils of primary and secondary schools and students of universities preparing expectant teachers of chemistry. All this educational systems contain always sets of tests for curriculum training and certification of knowledge gained using above mentioned systems. The important part of the dissertation thesis is the clearly processed evaluation of pupils an students testing. The goal of the testing was to verify, if the educational materials, modified into the e-learning courses, make easy and improve training of tested respondents. Several appropriate groups of respondents were always...

Tous les pays du monde s’accordent sur le principe selon lequel l’éducation est un domaine prioritaire qui contribue à la construction ou la reconstruction du développement social, culturel, économique et politique d’un pays donné. Chaque pays en privilégiant le secteur éducatif, met au point une vision, une action éducative émergeant des réalités de la société et de la culture en contexte, en vue de rendre cohérent le système éducatif et développement. Raison pour laquelle Cheymol pense que "Le développement passe par l’éducation et l’éducation passe par l’aménagement", (Cheymol, 2004), tel est le but recherché par cette présente thèse. L’éducation reste, quel que soit le contexte, le seul secteur fournisseur de futurs cadres compétents nécessaires à l’évolution d’un pays. Certains pays du Nord qui ont compris cette importance, lui ont accordée et assignée des objectifs et des finalités précis pour son bon fonctionnement. Ils ont certes rencontré des problèmes structurels, méthodologiques, logistiques, etc. dans leurs contextes respectifs. Mais ils ont fourni de gros efforts dans l’amélioration de leur contexte éducatif pour le rendre meilleur. Contrairement à ceux du Sud qui traînent le pas encore en ce domaine par l’absence d’une politique linguistique et éducative, répondant aux besoins et aux aspirations de leurs peuples. Ces pays ont hérité de force ou gré le modèle éducatif occidental et l’ont adopté sans réflexion didactique au préalable. Cette situation fut reconnue par les Etats Généraux de l‘enseignement du français, en ce qui concerne le cas de la plupart des pays francophones au Sud du Sahara, parmi lesquels, le Tchad, héritier du modèle français y figure en mauvaise posture et fait présentement l’objet de notre travail de recherche. Ce système éducatif français tout en imprégnant sa marque éducative et culturelle au Tchad, lui a légué son histoire et sa langue. Cette thèse s’est préoccupée du système éducatif tchadien actuel, en le constituant comme l’un de ses objets principaux et fondamentaux de sa réflexion. L’une des finalités de cette thèse consiste à montrer la crise dans laquelle ce système éducatif se trouve plongée, en raison de son inadaptabilité au contexte tchadien, du manque de politique linguistique et éducative bâtie sur les dimensions intrinsèques au peuple tchadien. La politique tchadienne de l’enseignement "bilingue" français /arabe prônée par l’instance officielle a montré ses limites, c’est pourquoi cette thèse suggère un enseignement bilingue consistant à enseigner simultanément les langues partenaires (langue maternelle/étrangère) dans la perspective d’une politique d’éducation au plurilinguisme, au choix conscient et social de l’enseignement des langues maternelles et étrangères, susceptibles de faciliter la transmission des savoirs et des savoir faire pertinents contextuels, répondant d’une part aux besoins langagiers individuels, collectifs et professionnels de tout citoyen tchadien et d’autre part à l’amorce d’un réel développement économique. Cet enseignement linguistique s’opérera au regard de la perspicacité et de l’efficacité du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues, mise en œuvre dans le cadre d’enseignement/apprentissage des langues étrangères, cet outil est une avancée notoire susceptible d’aider à la réforme méthodologique de l’enseignement/apprentissage des langues dans certains contextes éducatifs en Afrique, en particulier dans le contexte tchadien. Cette proposition implique de la part de l’instance officielle une nouvelle politique linguistique et éducative au regard du système éducatif actuel qui se paralyse, qui s’agonise à travers les crises structurelles et logistiques qu’il a développées au cours de son histoire coloniale à l’indépendance, entravant son évolution politique et économique actuelle. / This thesis is about of the actual Chadian educational system. One of its objectives is to show the crisis in which Chad is because of the defiency in the linguistic and educational policy. This theses suggests a bilingual education , consisting in a educational policy striving for multilinguilism, likely to make easier for relevant knowledge to be passed on. This linguistic and didactical work leans on The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages in the Chadian situation that is nowadays "on a drip".