This dissertation aims at identifying, taking as theoretical framework French Discourse Analysis, interdiscursivity elements on food. It will be examined discursive sequences in texts selected from Readers Digest , featured as enunciative instances of subjectivity. It is supposed that enunciative manifestations of media discourse are enunciativity indexes of enounces operating as interdiscourse and working in several discourses. Thus, analysis will focus such enounces as macro-instance, considering them in an enunciative conjunction and as micro-instance while enunciative potential (Santos, 2004). Regularities will be mapped in the so-called interdiscursivity matrixes. Such occurrences mark discursive spaces in which emerge meanings. This way, enunciation works as meaning positions taken by enounces in texts are under production conditions, result of an interdiscursive intercourse in the intersection of discursive formations inside enunciation (Santos, 2008, mimeo). / O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar, sob a fundamentação teórica da Análise do Discurso de corrente francesa, elementos de uma interdiscursividade sobre a alimentação, a partir de seqüências discursivas apreendidas em textos escolhidos da revista Seleções , enquanto instância enunciativa sujeitudinal. Supomos que as manifestações enunciativas do discurso midiático são índices de enunciatividade no funcionamento de enunciados operadores de interdiscurso. Assim, a análise empreendida visa focalizar as manifestações discursivas numa macro-instância, enquanto conjuntura enunciativa e numa micro-instância, estabelecendo o potencial enunciativo (SANTOS, 2004). O mapeamento das regularidades se faz mediante a disposição das manifestações discursivas em chamadas matrizes de interdiscursividade, que se configuram como variáveis na estrutura das ocorrências. Tais ocorrências demarcam espaços discursivos que, em sua diversidade, numa análise das seqüências enunciativas e as manifestações que nelas emergem, fazem explicitar significações que se efetivam por meio do enunciado operador. Dessa forma, chega-se ao lugar da enunciação enquanto tomadas de posição em nível de significação que um enunciado assume na configuração enunciativa de um texto sob determinadas condições de produção na decorrência da clivagem interdiscursiva na interseção com as formações discursivas constitutivas do processo enunciativo (SANTOS, 2008, mimeo). / Mestre em Linguística

Protoplast fusion of Lolium perenne and Lotus corniculatus for gene introgression by Sanjeev V. Raikar Lolium perenne is one of the most important forage crops globally and in New Zealand. Lotus corniculatus is a dicotyledonous forage that contains valuable traits such as high levels of condensed tannins, increased digestibility, and high nitrogen fixing abilities. However, conventional breeding between these two forage crops is impossible due to their markedly different taxonomic origin. Protoplast fusion (somatic hybridisation) provides an opportunity for gene introgression between these two species. This thesis describes the somatic hybridisation, the regeneration and the molecular analysis of the putative somatic hybrid plants obtained between L. perenne and L. corniculatus. Callus and cell suspensions of different cultivars of L. perenne were established from immature embryos and plants were regenerated from the callus. Of the 10 cultivars screened, cultivars Bronsyn and Canon had the highest percentage of callus induction at 36% each on 5 mg/L 2,4-D. Removal of the palea and lemma which form the seed coat was found to increase callus induction ability of the embryos. Plant regeneration from the callus was achieved when the callus was plated on LS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators at different concentrations. Variable responses to shoot regeneration was observed between the different cultivars with the cv Kingston having the lowest frequency of shoot formation (12%). Different factors affecting the protoplast isolation of L. perenne were investigated. The highest protoplast yield of 10×106 g-1FW was obtained when cell suspensions were used as the tissue source, with enzyme combination ‘A’ (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. Development of microcolonies was only achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. All the shoots regenerated from the protoplast-derived calli were albino shoots. The highest protoplast yield (7×106 g-1FW) of L. corniculatus was achieved from cotyledons also with enzyme combination ‘A’ (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. The highest plating efficiency for L. corniculatus of 1.57 % was achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (46%) was achieved when calli were plated on LS medium with NAA (0.1 mg/L) and BA (0.1 mg/L). Protoplast fusion between L. perenne and L. corniculatus was performed using the asymmetric somatic hybridisation technique using PEG as the fusogen. L. perenne protoplasts were treated with 0.1 mM IOA for 15 min and L. corniculatus protoplasts were treated with UV at 0.15 J/cm2 for 10 min. Various parameters affecting the fusion percentage were investigated. Successful fusions were obtained when the fusions were conducted on a plastic surface with 35% PEG (3350 MW) for 25 min duration, followed by 100 mM calcium chloride treatment for 25 min. A total of 14 putative fusion colonies were recovered. Shoots were regenerated from 8 fusion colonies. Unexpectedly, the regenerated putative hybrid plants resembled L. corniculatus plants. The flow cytometric profile of the putative somatic hybrids resembled that of L. corniculatus. Molecular analysis using SD-AFLP, SCARs and Lolium specific chloroplast microsatellite markers suggest that the putative somatic hybrids could be L. corniculatus escapes from the asymmetric protoplast fusion process. This thesis details a novel Whole Genome Amplification technique for plants using Strand Displacement Amplification technique.

Nowadays the insufficient facilities of social and health care institutions in Rokycany region don{\crq}t get a motivation to participate in finance of different institutions, in spite of the fact that they are placed in its territory, and provide services for their citizens.From the point of view of residential structure in Rokycany region it seems to be clear that the region itself has to play a big role so that the services would be provided even in small municipalities, and distant urban areas of the region. The above remarks confirm the hypothesis: 1. Social hospitalization in a health care institution results in insufficient facilities of places in retirement homes and in residence institutions of social care. I propose to improve the organiation of social and health care services for old and handicapped people in SO ORP Rokycany region, which I can regard as an availability of social and health care services in the whole region, as an icrease and enlargement of the social services mainly in non-governmental and nonprofitable sector, and as an increase of the quality of provided social services. The range of social hospitalization in Rokycany hospital, Corp., conditions was investigated within the practical part of my thesis. Both aims were fulfilled by working up the practical part of the thesis, and by carrying out the social demographic analysis. By observing the basic data and information while observing the social care in the health care institution, it definitely bears to the hypothesi 2.: The refund of social hospitalization doesn{\crq}t include the costs of sickbed in a health care institution, which is contributing tounfavourable economical situation in a health care institution. The new law doesn{\crq}t solve this problem of financing the social sickbeds. This law insufficiently solves conditions of social allowance belonging, on the contrary, the allowence depends on agreement.This results in repeated and longtime people{\crq}s hospitalization,who are being given this health care allowance. I think it is necessary to ammend the accepted law 108/2006, of Law Digest, abot social services. The matter of finance of longtime hospitalization in health care institution could be solved by the items up increase for longtime lying people. I can see the other aspect of solution in setting up the clear conditions to provide the social care allowance.

This thesis deals with the solution of differential equations of the first degree. The work is intended to serve as a textbook (a collection of exercises) for students of teaching mathematics at lower secondary schools. Each chapter contains a summary of basic concepts, solved task models of the related topic, sorted by difficulty, and finally tasks assigned for independent practicing. This thesis aims to present basic knowledge about ways of solving differential equations of the first degree, including practical skills for their solution.

Esta tese tem como tema a Superintendência da Moeda e do Crédito (SUMOC) embrião do Banco Central do Brasil, durante os anos 50, definida como espaço de construção da hegemonia de uma fração das classes dominantes. Examinamos aqui como as diferentes frações da burguesia brasileira procuravam construir o consenso através de seus aparelhos privados de hegemonia - a FIDF (Federação das Indústrias do Distrito Federal), o ISEB (Instituto Superior de Estudos Brasileiros), a ACSP (Associação Comercial de São Paulo) e a Revista Digesto Econômico. Tal consenso também passava pela difusão dos ideários desenvolvimentista e liberal, aqui confrontados e identificados quanto aos seus pontos de convergência e divergência. / The theme of this thesis is The Superintendência da Moeda e do Crédito (SUMOC) [Credit and Currency Authority] an embryo of The Central Bank of Brazil, created in the fifties, and defined as a space for the construction of the hegemony of a segment of the ruling classes. We study here how the different sectors of the Brazilian bourgeoisie tried to build a consensus using their private hegemony instruments The FIDF (Federation of Industries of the Federal District), the ISEB (Superior Institute of Brazilian Studies), the ACSP (Commercial Association of São Paulo), and the Economic Digest Magazine. Such consensus also included the diffusion of the liberal and developmental ideals, here confronted and identified in relation to their points of convergence and divergence.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WallaceSN_TESE.pdf: 8655030 bytes, checksum: d55633f6c1ca42d23115efea83e7b07c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This work deals with the life strategy of an endangered annual fish, Hypsolebias antenori (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), of the Brazilian semiarid region. The eggs of these fish hatch at the onset of the rainy season, grows rapidly and they reproduce during the rainy season. When the water puddles dry out, the entire population dies. The resistant eggs which are buried in the bottom of the dried pools go through diapause stages, during which time the embryonic development becomes temporarily arrested. With the onset of the next rainy season, the eggs hatch and a new generation is formed. Specimens of H. antenori were captured during 2011 and 2013, in temporary water pools located in the hydrographic basin of river Jaguaribe in Cear?, Brazil. Sex ratio, the length-weight relationship, the growth type, first sexual maturity, anatomy and histology of the digestive tract, development of gonads, reproductive strategy, karyotypic pattern of the species, and the conservation status of H. antenori were investigated. The results of this study are presented in the form of eight articles. The first article is about the fish faunal composition of the hydrographic basins of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, wherein the record of H. antenori is included. The second article deals with the sex ratio, secondary sexual characteristics of males, the length-weight relationship and the type of growth. Males show a pattern of intense coloration with well developed fins. The sex ratio showed a significant predominance of females (1M:1.7 F). Males were larger in length and weight. The equation of weight and total length relationship was Wt=0.0271Lt3,8937, showing a positively allometric growth, indicating greater increase in weight than in length. The third article discusses the anatomy and histology of the digestive tract of H. antenori. It is considered as a generalist feeder with characteristics of omnivore, which utilizes different food sources. The fourth article discusses the stages and phases of gonad development and type of spawning of H. antenori. The fifth article is about the r reproductive strategy adopted by H. antenori which helps in successful reproduction over a short period of life. The sixth article deals karyotypic pattern of the species, constituting the first cytogenetic contribution to the genus. The seventh article discusses about the risk of extinction of this species which suffers a series of threats, such as, habitat loss through land use, deforestation, construction of reservoirs, pollution due to domestic and industrial sewage, besides pesticides and agrochemicals. Furthermore, decreasing rainfall and intensification of aridity due to global climate changes, interferes with the reproductive cycle. The eighth article deals with aggressive behavior adopted between males and among females during reproduction. All temporary water pools sampled during this study were in high degree of degradation, mainly due to human action. There is a great need for conservation measures to protect the populations of annual fish, including the creation of protected areas in the semiarid ephemeral aquatic environments of Brazil / Este trabalho trata sobre a estrat?gia da vida de um peixe anual em perigo Hypsolebias antenori (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), do semi?rido brasileiro. Os ovos dessa esp?cie nascem em po?as tempor?rias, crescem rapidamente, reproduzem e no per?odo de estiagem quando a po?a seca, toda a popula??o morre. Os ovos resistentes depositados no substrato da po?a s?o capazes de passar por um est?gio de diapausa, quando seu est?gio de desenvolvimento embrion?rio ? estacionado. Com a chegada do per?odo de chuvas, os ovos eclodem e uma nova gera??o ? formada. Os exemplares de H. antenori foram capturados durante 2011 e 2013, nas po?as tempor?rias localizadas na bacia do rio Jaguaribe no Cear?, Brasil. Foram investigadas a propor??o sexual, a rela??o peso-comprimento, o tipo de crescimento, a primeira matura??o sexual, anatomia e histologia do trato digest?rio, desenvolvimento das g?nadas, estrat?gia reprodutiva, dados cariot?picos da esp?cie, e o estado de conserva??o de H. antenori. Os resultados desse trabalho est?o apresentados sob a forma de oito artigos. O primeiro artigo ? sobre a composi??o da ictiofauna das bacias hidrogr?ficas do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, incluindo o registro de H. antenori. O segundo artigo trata sobre a propor??o sexual, caracter?sticas secund?rios sexuais dos machos, a rela??o pesocomprimento e o tipo de crescimento. Os machos apresentam um padr?o de colora??o intensa com nadadeiras mais desenvolvidas. A propor??o sexual apresentou uma predomin?ncia significativa de f?meas (1M: 1,7F). Os machos foram maiores em comprimento e em peso. A equa??o originada da rela??o peso total e comprimento total foi Wt = 0,0271Lt3,8937, apresentando um crescimento alom?trico positivo, indicando maior incremento no peso do que em rela??o ao comprimento. O terceiro artigo trata sobre a anatomia e histologia do trato digest?rio de H. antenori. ? considerado como um generalista com as caracter?sticas de on?voria, que aproveita fontes alimentares diferentes. O quarto artigo trata sobre os est?dios e fases de desenvolvimento das g?nadas e o tipo de desova de H. antenori. O quinto artigo trata sobre a estrat?gia reprodutiva r adotada pela H. antenori que auxilia na reprodu??o bem sucedida durante um curto per?odo de vida. O sexto artigo trata sobre os dados cariot?picos da esp?cie, constituindo a primeira contribui??o citogen?tica para o g?nero. O s?timo artigo trata sobre o risco de extin??o dessa esp?cie, que v?m sofrendo uma s?rie de amea?as, tais como, a perda de habitats pela ocupa??o do solo, desmatamento, constru??o dos reservat?rios, polui??o devido aos efluentes dom?sticos, industriais, pesticidas e agrot?xicos. Al?m disso, a diminui??o da pluviosidade e intensifica??o da aridez em decorr?ncia das mudan?as clim?ticas globais vem interferindo em seu ciclo reprodutivo. O oitavo trabalho trata sobre o comportamento agressivo adotado entre os machos e entre as f?meas durante a reprodu??o. Todas as po?as tempor?rias amostradas durante este trabalho estavam em um alto grau de degrada??o, principalmente devido ? a??o antr?pica. H? uma grande necessidade de medidas de conserva??o para proteger as popula??es de peixes anuais, entre elas especialmente a cria??o de ?reas de prote??o nos ambientes aqu?ticos ef?meros do semi?rido brasileiro

Esta tese tem como tema a Superintendência da Moeda e do Crédito (SUMOC) embrião do Banco Central do Brasil, durante os anos 50, definida como espaço de construção da hegemonia de uma fração das classes dominantes. Examinamos aqui como as diferentes frações da burguesia brasileira procuravam construir o consenso através de seus aparelhos privados de hegemonia - a FIDF (Federação das Indústrias do Distrito Federal), o ISEB (Instituto Superior de Estudos Brasileiros), a ACSP (Associação Comercial de São Paulo) e a Revista Digesto Econômico. Tal consenso também passava pela difusão dos ideários desenvolvimentista e liberal, aqui confrontados e identificados quanto aos seus pontos de convergência e divergência. / The theme of this thesis is The Superintendência da Moeda e do Crédito (SUMOC) [Credit and Currency Authority] an embryo of The Central Bank of Brazil, created in the fifties, and defined as a space for the construction of the hegemony of a segment of the ruling classes. We study here how the different sectors of the Brazilian bourgeoisie tried to build a consensus using their private hegemony instruments The FIDF (Federation of Industries of the Federal District), the ISEB (Superior Institute of Brazilian Studies), the ACSP (Commercial Association of São Paulo), and the Economic Digest Magazine. Such consensus also included the diffusion of the liberal and developmental ideals, here confronted and identified in relation to their points of convergence and divergence.

No description available.

Lolium perenne is one of the most important forage crops globally and in New Zealand. Lotus corniculatus is a dicotyledonous forage that contains valuable traits such as high levels of condensed tannins, increased digestibility, and high nitrogen fixing abilities. However, conventional breeding between these two forage crops is impossible due to their markedly different taxonomic origin. Protoplast fusion (somatic hybridisation) provides an opportunity for gene introgression between these two species. This thesis describes the somatic hybridisation, the regeneration and the molecular analysis of the putative somatic hybrid plants obtained between L. perenne and L. corniculatus. Callus and cell suspensions of different cultivars of L. perenne were established from immature embryos and plants were regenerated from the callus. Of the 10 cultivars screened, cultivars Bronsyn and Canon had the highest percentage of callus induction at 36% each on 5 mg/L 2,4-D. Removal of the palea and lemma which form the seed coat was found to increase callus induction ability of the embryos. Plant regeneration from the callus was achieved when the callus was plated on LS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators at different concentrations. Variable responses to shoot regeneration was observed between the different cultivars with the cv Kingston having the lowest frequency of shoot formation (12%). Different factors affecting the protoplast isolation of L. perenne were investigated. The highest protoplast yield of 10×10⁶ g⁻¹FW was obtained when cell suspensions were used as the tissue source, with enzyme combination 'A' (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. Development of microcolonies was only achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. All the shoots regenerated from the protoplast-derived calli were albino shoots. The highest protoplast yield (7×10⁶ g⁻¹FW) of L. corniculatus was achieved from cotyledons also with enzyme combination 'A' (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. The highest plating efficiency for L. corniculatus of 1.57 % was achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (46%) was achieved when calli were plated on LS medium with NAA (0.1 mg/L) and BA (0.1 mg/L). Protoplast fusion between L. perenne and L. corniculatus was performed using the asymmetric somatic hybridisation technique using PEG as the fusogen. L. perenne protoplasts were treated with 0.1 mM IOA for 15 min and L. corniculatus protoplasts were treated with UV at 0.15 J/cm² for 10 min. Various parameters affecting the fusion percentage were investigated. Successful fusions were obtained when the fusions were conducted on a plastic surface with 35% PEG (3350 MW) for 25 min duration, followed by 100 mM calcium chloride treatment for 25 min. A total of 14 putative fusion colonies were recovered. Shoots were regenerated from 8 fusion colonies. Unexpectedly, the regenerated putative hybrid plants resembled L. corniculatus plants. The flow cytometric profile of the putative somatic hybrids resembled that of L. corniculatus. Molecular analysis using SD-AFLP, SCARs and Lolium specific chloroplast microsatellite markers suggest that the putative somatic hybrids could be L. corniculatus escapes from the asymmetric protoplast fusion process. This thesis details a novel Whole Genome Amplification technique for plants using Strand Displacement Amplification technique.

Proteins and their intricate network of interactions are fundamental to many molecular processes that govern life. Mass spectrometry-based structural proteomics represents a powerful set of techniques for characterizing protein structures and interactions. The last decade has witnessed a large-scale adoption in the application of these techniques toward solving a variety of biological questions. Addressing these questions has often been coincident with the further development of these techniques. Insight into the structures of individual proteins and their interactions with other proteins in a proteome-wide context has been made possible by recent developments in the relatively new field of chemical crosslinking combined with mass spectrometry. In these experiments crosslinking reagents are used to capture protein-protein interactions by forming covalent linkages between proximal amino acid residues. The crosslinked proteins are then enzymatically digested into peptides, and the covalently-coupled crosslinked peptides are identified by mass spectrometry. These identified crosslinked peptides thus provide evidence of interacting regions within or between proteins. In this dissertation the development of tools and methods that facilitate this powerful technique are described. The primary arc of this work follows the development and application of mass spectrometry-based approaches for the identification of protein crosslinks ranging from those which exist endogenously to those which are introduced synthetically. Firstly, the development of a novel strategy for comprehensive determination of naturally occurring protein crosslinks in the form of disulfide bonds is described. Secondly, the application of crosslinking reagents to create synthetic crosslinks in proteins coupled with molecular dynamics simulations is explored in order to structurally characterize the intrinsically disordered tau protein. Thirdly, improvements to a crosslinking-mass spectrometry method for defining a protein-protein interactome in a complex sample is developed. Altogether, these described approaches represent a toolset to allow researchers to access information about protein structure and interactions. / Graduate