Trata da preservação de documentos arquivísticos produzidos e mantidos no meio digital através da análise do Portal de Gestão da Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre tendo por base teórica a diplomática contemporânea. Parte da origem do termo arquivo à análise da sociedade contemporânea sob os pontos de vista da sociedade da informação, sociedade do controle e da sociedade de vigilância. Diferencia os paradigmas Custodiai e Pós-Custodial e discute a proposta da arquivística integrada. Analisa a diplomática voltada aos documentos medievais, a diplomática especial e a diplomática arquivística contemporânea. que une os preceitos da Diplomática e os conceitos da Arquivologia. Apresenta o Projeto InterPARES, sua base teórico-metodológica e os resultados já obtidos pelo projeto e aplicados na presente pesquisa. Discute a preservação de acervos documentais, tradicionais e digitais, destacando as peculiaridades da preservação dos documentos arquivísticos digitais, fidedignos e autênticos. Apresenta os resultados da pesquisa realizada concluindo que o Portal de Gestão é um documento arquivístico digital, que mantém outros documentos, e pela necessidade do estabelecimento de um plano de preservação para garantir seu acesso de longo prazo. / This paper focuses on the preservation of archival documents produced and maintained in the digital environment trough analysis by the Porto Alegre City Hall Management Portal based on theoretical contemporary Diplomatic. It sets off from the origin of the term archive to the analysis of contemporary society from the views of information society, society of control, and surveillance society. It distinguishes Custodiai and Post-Custodial paradigms and discusses the proposal of an integrated archival. It analyzes the Diplomatic focused on medieval documents, the Special Diplomatic and the Contemporary Archival Diplomatic, which gathers the precepts of the Diplomatic and the concepts of Archival. It presents the InterPARES Project, its theoretical and methodological basis, and the results already achieved by the project and applied in this research. It discusses the preservation of documentary, traditional and digital collections highlighting the preservation of digital archival documents peculiarities while maintaining its reliability and authenticity. It presents the results of the survey, concluding that the Management Portal is a digital archival document which holds other documents, and that it is necessary to establish a preservation plan to ensure its longterm access.

Nesta dissertação de mestrado, buscou-se estabelecer se a diplomacia japonesa estaria em um processo de mudança no século XXI, abrindo mão dos princípios das doutrinas Yoshida e Fukuda, que regeram a política externa desde o Pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, e indo em direção à elaboração de uma nova doutrina. Para tanto, utilizando o marco teórico de Putnam (1988), foram analisadas não somente as agendas de política externa dos governos japoneses dos anos 2000, como também os condicionamentos internos e externos presentes em cada um deles, permitindo-se verificar o quanto os partidos políticos e seus gabinetes conseguiram aplicar os seus projetos na área diplomática. No âmbito interno, a mudança no processo de elaboração de política externa, através da quebra do sistema do triângulo de ferro, sendo substituído pela centralização de poder decisório nos partidos políticos e na Dieta, o parlamento japonês indica que o Japão está sob uma alteração de sua Doutrina diplomática. Já quanto aos fatores externos, a Crise Asiática, a crise financeira de 2008 e o militarismo de China e Coreia do Norte tiveram papel fundamental para que o Japão realizasse mudanças nos seus esforços para adotar um papel mais proativo na Ásia, quebrando o histórico de minimalismo diplomático presente na Doutrina Yoshida. Ainda assim o país não conseguiu reestruturar os termos da aliança político-securitária com os Estados Unidos e não foi bem sucedido em angariar apoio público para a realização de mudanças no papel político-militar do país. A dificuldade da diplomacia japonesa em encontrar alternativas ao sistema de segurança norte-americano e de enfrentar situações de instabilidade política interna e regional fez com que a proximidade com os Estados Unidos fosse mantida como pedra angular de política externa. / This master degree's thesis seeks to establish whether the Japanese diplomacy would be in a process of change in the 21st century, by giving up on the principles of the Yoshida and Fukuda doctrines, which have determined Japan's foreign policy since the end of World War II, and heading towards the creation of a new doctrine. In order to answer this question, by using the theoretical contribution of Putnam (1988), not only were the foreign policy agendas of the Japanese governments thorough the 2000's decade analyzed, but also the domestic and external conditionings present in each of them, which helped verifying in which extent political parties and their cabinets were successful in applying their own diplomatic projects. In the domestic level, the change in the process of making foreign policy, through the end of the Iron Triangle system and its substitution by the centralization of decision power in the political parties and the Japanese Diet, indicates that Japan is under an alteration of its diplomatic doctrine. In the external level, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the 2008 financial crisis and the militarism displayed by North Korea and China had an essential role in so that Japan would make changes in its efforts to adopt a more proactive political position in Asia, breaking the concept of diplomatic minimalism of the Yoshida Doctrine. Nevertheless, the country was unable to restructure the terms of the political and security alliance with the United States, and was also unsuccessful in harnessing public support to change the country's political and military role. The difficulty of finding alternatives to the North American security system and facing regional and domestic stability resulted in the decision of keeping the proximity with the United States as a cornerstone of Japan's foreign policy.

O período que vai da segunda metade do século XVIII ao primeiro quartel do século XIX foi marcado por grandes transformações políticas e econômicas na Europa e no mundo Ocidental. O aumento populacional, bem como as transformações tecnológicas que causaram a Revolução Industrial e que advieram dela e a crise do Antigo Regime e do Antigo Sistema Colonial foram fatores estruturais que causaram importantes mudanças. Além disso, houveram conflitos bélicos e reconfiguração de alianças e rotas comerciais. As relações entre Portugal, Brasil e Estados Unidos foram profundamente influenciadas por esse panorama. O estabelecimento das relações comerciais e diplomáticas entre Portugal e Estados Unidos, sua consolidação ao longo dos primeiros anos do século XIX e as mudanças advindas da transferência da corte para o Brasil são analisados através de cartas e ofícios diplomáticos e da composição e saldo do comércio externo dos três países. / The period from the second half of the eighteenth century to the first quarter of the nineteenth century was marked by great political and economic changes in Europe and the Occident. The population growth as well as the technological changes that caused the Industrial Revolution and result from it, and the crisis of the Ancien Régime and of the Old Colonial System were structural factors that have caused major changes. Furthermore, the period went through military conflicts and reconfiguration of alliances and trade routes. The Relations between Portugal, Brazil and the United States were deeply influenced by this scenario. The establishment of trade and diplomatic relations between Portugal and the United States, its consolidation during the early years of the nineteenth century and changes arising from the transfer of the court to Brazil are to be analyzed through diplomatic letters and official documents and the composition and balance of foreign trade of the three countries.

O crescente interesse dos historiadores pelos documentos originários de instituições do poder judiciário, cujo grau de difusão e penetração na sociedade os torna, na mesma proporção, reveladores de aspectos importantes do quotidiano vivido pelas pessoas, não se faz acompanhar de um conhecimento mais sistemático sobre os mecanismos de funcionamento desses organismos. Com o propósito de oferecer aos pesquisadores subsídios que lhes permitam compreender a estrutura organizacional do Juízo de Órfãos de São Paulo ao longo do período que vai de 1578 a 1926 (balizas cronológicas do fundo custodiado pelo Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo) e, sobretudo, caracterizar os tipos documentais que resultaram de seu funcionamento, este trabalho assume acentuado caráter instrumental, seja para potencializar o uso acadêmico de tais fontes, seja para oferecer parâmetros de arranjo e descrição a arquivos semelhantes. / The growing interest of historians on judicial archives, whose degree of social penetration make them equally capable of revealing important aspects of people lives, is not proportional to the knowledge they have about institutional history. In order to understand the Juízo de Órfãos de São Paulo (1578-1926) and to define the kind of records it has produced over time, this work assumes an instrumental character both to academic research and to professionals who organize similar archives.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as relações entre o governo brasileiro e a Guerra Civil Espanhola. A partir da sublevação militar de 17 de julho de 1936, o cenário interno do estado espanhol tornou-se o epicentro do embate entre as forças conservadoras e a diversidade de grupos políticos de esquerda. Desde os seus primeiros momentos, a guerra civil transbordou as fronteiras espanholas e europeias. Se por um lado houve o envolvimento direto e indireto de países europeus, por outro, também houve substancial importância nas Américas. Assim, esta tese pretende desenvolver uma abordagem dos papéis existentes entre os órgãos públicos e privados relacionados ao governo Vargas e os grupos envolvidos na Guerra Civil Espanhola, sobretudo aqueles pertencentes aos militares sob o controle de Francisco Franco. As ações de órgãos como o Ministério de Relações Exteriores e do Departamento Nacional do Café, tiveram papel preponderante em um apoio oficioso aos rebelados, enquanto que as representações diplomáticas da Segunda República foram paulatinamente relegadas a uma situação marginal. / The aim of this research is to analyze the relations between the Brazilian government and the Spanish Civil War. From the military uprising of 1936 July 17th, the domestic scenery of Spanish State became the epicenter of a struggle between conservative forces and the diversity of left political groups. Since its first moments, the civil war crossed the Spanish and European borders. If, on the one hand, there was a direct and indirect involvement of the European countries, on the other hand, there was also a substantial significance in the Americas. Thus, this thesis intends to develop an approach between the roles of public and private organizations of Vargas government and the related groups of the Spanish Civil War, mainly those ones under the General Francisco Francos control. The attitudes of public bodies as the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Coffee Department, it had a key role to an unofficial support to the insurgents, meanwhile, the diplomatic representations of Spanish Second Republic were gradually sent to a marginal condition.

The aim of presented dissertation is the analysis of diplomatic relations Acta Legationis Moscoviticae. These relations are reports, which were sented to Vienna by imperial envoy Stephan Wilhelm Kinsky during his activity on the tsarist court in Sankt-Peterburg and Moscow in 1721-1722. On the basis of this source, the main interest is concentrated on the course of Kinskys diplomatic mission and on tasks, which he should fulfil as the envoy. The dissertation, beside other things, puts the task to evaluate diplomatic relations as the source for history of diplomacy and history of international relations. In the dissertation is introduced life and career of Stephan Wilhelm Kinsky and his personality. The attention is also paid to the most importants measures of Peter I. in defined period, mainly the concluding of Treaty of Nystad, proclaiming Peter as Emperor of All Russia and issue of manifesto about successory. The dissertation also tries to depict the turning period in Russian Empire after the end of Great Northern War and focuses on the atmosphere of court society at that time. The dissertation puts the question, which of points of instructions from Vienna court were fulfilled or not fulfilled by bohemian nobleman. The Kinskys mission is approached as the part of process of negotiation about...

The focus of this study is the Southern African Development Community (SADC) preventive diplomacy interventions in Lesotho in 1994, 1998 and 2007. The core aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the SADC security mechanism (the Organ on Politics, Defence and Security (OPDS) in conflict prevention, management and resolution on the basis of the Lesotho experience. Data for this qualitative case study was collected through interviews and document analysis. The twenty four participants for the study were drawn from the SADC OPDS unit, Lesotho political parties, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), Academics from the University of Botswana (UB) and the National University of Lesotho (NUL), retired Botswana Defence officers who participated in the Lesotho missions and office of the post-2007election dispute dialogue facilitator in Lesotho. Documents on the SADC Treaties, Protocols, Communiqués and interventions in other set ups were used to highlight its operational policies, mandate, structures, successes and challenges. Lesotho was chosen as a case study because SADC employed both non-coercive (SADC Troika and Eminent Person mediation, 1994 and 2007 respectively) and coercive measures (the 1998 military intervention). The findings of the study revealed that SADC as a regional body had its own successes and challenges. Different perceptions on the SADC interventions in Lesotho emerged mainly between the participants from the ruling party and the opposition parties. While the former commended SADC for successfully mitigating the calamitous effects of 1994, 1998 and 2007 post-electoral violence, the opposition parties viewed the regional organisations as engaged in illegal interference in the domestic affairs of the country to defend the incumbent governing party. It also emerged from the study that the SADC security mechanism has numerous structural and operational flaws. There were several unanswered questions revolving around the legality and mandate of some of the missions. For instance, no concrete evidence emerged as to whether the 1998 military intervention was authorised by the SADC. The study also revealed that SADC has learnt valuable lessons from the Lesotho missions. Some of the reforms which the SADC has introduced in the OPDS such as the establishment of the SADC Stand by Force, Early Warning structures, the Mediation Unit, and a panel of expert mediators emanated mainly from the Lesotho experiences. The study recommends that SADC needs to harmonise the efforts of its OPDS structures such as the Mediation Unit; the Troika; the Inter-State Defence and Security Committee (ISDSC); the Inter-State Politics and Diplomacy Committee (ISPDC) and the Summit of Heads of States and Governments for rapid, coherent and well coordinated interventions in future regional preventive missions. It is also recommended that SADC should focus on identifying and mitigating underlying causal factors such as underdevelopment; poverty; deprivation of freedoms, marginalisation and other forms of social stratifications and oppression in its preventive diplomacy missions if durable peace is to be achieved in Lesotho and any other future cases.

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This thesis contends from the time of September 1940 to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States and Japan offered each no workable concessions that might have deterred war. A stalemate was finally established between the two countries. The position of the Japanese nation was to expand and control "Greater East-Asia," while the position the United States held was one that claimed all nations should uphold certain basic principles of democracy, that all nations should honor the sanctity of treaties," and that they should treat neighboring countries in a friendly fashion. This thesis also contends that Yosuke Matsuoka used his position as Foreign Minister of Japan to determine policy for the entire nation. Matsuoka led Japan in such a way that a settlement of differences between the United States and his country was not attainable through diplomatic talks. Even after Matsuoka had been removed from his position, the Supreme Command was determined to prepare for war and at the same time carry on diplomatic discussions with the United States. The only possible way that war could have been avoided was if one of the two nations had been willing to break the stalemate by giving in to the demands of the other. Neither was willing to compromise.