The main aim of this research is to analyse the CSR disclosure and examine its determinants and consequences among Islamic banks in the GCC (Gulf Countries Council). In fulfilling the research aims, annual reports of GCC Islamic banks for the period 2010- 2014 are analysed using manual content analysis, which involves 195 observations of 39 Islamic banks. The CSR disclosure index is constructed based on 11 dimensions using AAOIFI standard no 7, 2010. An ordinary least square (OLS) regression is used to examine the determinants and consequences of CSR disclosure in the sample Islamic banks. The analysis shows a very low level of CSR disclosure (39.9%) among the sample Islamic banks. Using CG (corporate governance) mechanisms to measure the determinant of CSR disclosure, this current study finds a significant positive association between CSR disclosure and the size of the boards of directors of the sample Islamic banks. It provides evidence that stronger corporate governance is associated with a higher level of CSR disclosure. This current study finds a negative significant relationship of CEO. Duality and AC Size and CSR disclosure. However, the results show no significant association between CSR disclosure and other corporate governance variables. To examine the economic consequences of CSR disclosure, the study uses three different proxies of firm value (MTBV, Market Capitalization and Tobin Q). Using market capitalization proxies, this current study finds that there is a negative significant relationship between CSR disclosure and firm value. The study did not find any significant relationship between other proxies. This current study suggests that there is a need to improve the current CSR disclosure practice in GCC Islamic banks by imposing additional constraints on the board of directors’ characteristics. The results inform the global debate on the need for corporate governance reform in Islamic banks, by providing insights on the role played by corporate governance mechanisms in encouraging and enhancing CSR disclosure practice among Islamic banks.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-10T17:05:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juciléia Giacomin_.pdf: 816829 bytes, checksum: 8701b49509878a0033d027e1a6c99133 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-10T17:05:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juciléia Giacomin_.pdf: 816829 bytes, checksum: 8701b49509878a0033d027e1a6c99133 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-02 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as variáveis determinantes da divulgação voluntária de informações de caráter ambiental, de uma amostra de quarenta e sete companhias abertas listadas na BM&FBovespa e classificadas como de alto impacto ambiental, evidenciadas nos Relatórios de Sustentabilidade e Relatório da Administração, correspondentes ao exercício social de 2013. A pesquisa é aplicada quanto à sua natureza; quantitativa quanto à abordagem do problema; descritiva e explicativa quanto ao seu objetivo e documental quanto ao procedimento técnico utilizado. Na primeira parte da análise apresenta-se uma análise descritiva dos dados evidenciados pelas companhias, e na segunda parte, considerando os resultados de estudos precedentes e contribuições de especialistas, foram testadas onze variáveis consideradas como possíveis fatores determinantes desta divulgação, mediante a utilização de análise de regressão linear múltipla. O nível de divulgação voluntária ambiental foi mensurado por meio de uma métrica contendo oito categorias e trinta e oito subcategorias, sugerida em estudo realizado por Rover (2009). Os principais resultados obtidos no estudo indicam que a maioria das evidenciações foi de tipo declarativa e as categorias mais evidenciadas pelas companhias se referiam aos impactos dos produtos e processos e às políticas ambientais. Tamanho da companhia, certificação ambiental e controle acionário foram confirmados como variáveis determinantes do nível de divulgação voluntária ambiental das companhias da amostra. / This study aimed to analyse the determinants of voluntary disclosure of environmental character information, a sample of forty-seven public companies listed on the BM & FBovespa and classified as high environmental impact, evidenced in Sustainability Reports and Management Report corresponding to fiscal year 2013. The research is applied as to its nature; quantitatively and the approach to the problem; descriptive and explanatory as to their purpose and documentary about the technical procedure used. In the first part of the analysis it is presented a descriptive analysis of data disclosed by companies, and in the second part, considering the results of previous studies and contributions from experts, eleven variables were tested and considered as possible determinants of this disclosure, through the use of multiple linear regression analysis. The level of environmental voluntary disclosure was measured by a metric containing eight categories and thirty-eight subcategories, suggested in a study conducted by Rover (2009). The main results of the study indicate that most disclosures were of the declarative type and categories more evidenced by the companies referred to the impact of products and processes and environmental policies. Size of the company, environmental certification and controlling interest were confirmed as determinants of the environmental voluntary disclosure level of the sample companies.

近年來，我國上市上櫃公司發行公司債籌措資金的情形蔚為風潮。依據我國目前規定，公司擬發行的公司債須由證期會認可之信用評等機構進行評等，並出具報告。既無信用評等向來重視會計資訊的品質，因此引起了本研究探討資訊揭露是否會降低公司債資金成本的動機。關於資訊揭露與負債資金成本的關係，僅見於Sengupta(1998)的研究，而本研究則試圖以資訊揭露能降低代理成本的角度，探討在國內資本市場中，資訊揭露是否與負債資金成本存在一反向關係。 本研究評估揭露指數方法與之前文獻所採用的的內容分析法不同。本研究是以公司發行公司債前一年度盈餘概估情形評估揭露指數口本研究採用最小平方法迴歸分析(OLS)對測試假說，其結果如下： 1.公司發行公司債之增額負債資金成本與資訊揭露程度存在反向關係。 本研究之實證結果顯示，我國資本市場中，公司資訊揭露程度與公司債之殖利率存有顯著的反向關係。顯示在債券的初級市場中，除了債券的條件與公司體質的好壞以外，資訊揭露也可能成為公司債殖利率的決定因素。 2.若公司債的代理成本較高，其資訊揭露對負債資金成本之反向變動關係會較強。 本研究以公司債轉換條款與擔保條款的有無，區分公司債代理成本的高低。實證結果發現，發行具轉換條款公司債之公司與發行不具轉換條款公司債之公司，其資訊揭露對負債資金成本影響顯著較低。驗證了設有轉換條款或擔保條款之公司債將因為債券本身的代理成本下降，而削弱資訊揭露對公司債殖利率的影響。也就是說若公司債屬於普通公司債或無擔保公司債時，資訊揭露對公司債之殖利率影響更大。因此對於有意發行無擔保公司債或普通公司債的公司而言，資訊揭露將更能降低其負債資金成本。 關鍵字：代理成本，負債資金成本，揭露程度，資訊不對稱 / In recent years, it has become a common phenomenon for listed corporations to issue bonds in Taiwan. Currently in Taiwan, the Securities and Futures Committee (SFC) forbids a corporation to issue bonds unless it has been properly rated by a credit rating agency certified by the SFC. Since the credit rating agency all along have generally placed a great deal of emphasis on the quality of accounting information, this research purports to investigate whether fuller disclosure of accounting information can indeed reduce the cost of debt capital. Only one study by Sengupta (1998) focused on the cost of debt capital, and addressed the issue about the relation between the disclosure level the cost of debt capital, and this study attempts to investigate whether a reverse relationship exists between disclosure and cost of debt capital in Taiwan form the angle of the agency cost. The method to determine the score of the disclosure level applied by this research is different from the content analysis method applied by prior studies. This research uses the earning estimation disclosure made in the year prior to the bond issuance, for measuring the disclosure level. This research applies the QLS model to test the hypotheses. After controlling for other variables, this research concludes that: 1.There may exist a reverse relation between the incremental cost of debt capital and the disclosure level. The result shows that there exists a significant reverse relation between the yield to maturity of bond and the corporate disclosure level. This finding leads us to conclude that because of the ability to lower the agency costs and control the information asymmetry, corporate disclosure level, couple with the terms of the bond and the issuing corporation's financial conditions, could be one determinant of the yield to maturity of the bond. 2.If the agency cost of the bond is higher, the reverse relation between the incremental cost of debt capital and the disclosure level could be stronger. In this research, agency costs are considered low when the bond is convertible or secured, or vice versa. The result shows that for the corporation issuing convertible or secured bonds, the impact of the disclosure is less significant. This finding verifies that when the bond is convertible or secured, the reverse relation between the cost of debt capital and the disclosure level could be weakened since the agency costs are lower. Therefore, this research draws a conclusion that for corporations that attempt to issue straight bonds or unsecured bonds, the disclosure level plays a more important rule to reduce the cost of debt capital. Key word: Agency Cost, Cost of Debt Capital, Disclosure Level, Information Asymmetry.

O Conselho de Administração (CA) é foco de diversas pesquisas por ser considerado o principal mecanismo de governança corporativa. Inserido na linha de pesquisa que investiga o impacto da estrutura do CA sobre as decisões corporativas, esta pesquisa tem o intuito de verificar a relação entre o alinhamento às práticas recomendadas de governança relativas ao CA e o nível de evidenciação das empresas. Especificamente, avalia-se a relação de complementaridade ou substituição entre as práticas de governança e o nível de evidenciação. Adicionalmente, investiga-se a relação entre a presença do profissional da área contábil nos conselhos e o nível de evidenciação das empresas. Optou-se pela elaboração de índices para mensurar o alinhamento às práticas de governança. O índice construído é composto por subíndices referentes à independência, disponibilidade de tempo, diversidade e comitês. Para a variável dependente, foi elaborado um índice de evidenciação com base na divulgação de políticas sobre gerenciamento de risco, gastos com auditoria, operações com partes relacionadas, código de ética e remuneração dos administradores. Foram realizadas análises exploratórias por meio de diferenças de médias entre determinados grupos de empresas, e análise de dados em painel a fim de verificar a consistência das relações entre o alinhamento às práticas de governança e o nível de evidenciação. Os resultados exploratórios evidenciam que tanto a média do índice de alinhamento às práticas de governança do CA quanto o índice de evidenciação ficaram abaixo da metade da pontuação máxima, 16 e 6 pontos, respectivamente. Constata-se que muitas recomendações em relação à independência, disponibilidade de tempo, diversidade e comitês ainda não foram adotadas pelas empresas, havendo ainda muito a ser aprimorado. Em relação à participação do profissional da área contábil, destaca-se que empresas com conselheiros ou membros externos com formação em contabilidade na composição do Comitê de Auditoria apresentam média estatisticamente superior em relação ao índice de evidenciação se comparada às empresas que não têm profissionais com essa formação na composição deste Comitê. Os resultados da análise de dados em painel não confirmam a hipótese desta pesquisa em relação à complementaridade entre a adoção de práticas recomendadas de governança corporativa e o nível de evidenciação. Porém confirmam a complementaridade entre o nível de evidenciação e as variáveis relacionadas à negociação no Novo Mercado e na Bolsa de Nova Iorque (empresas com emissão de ADRs), provavelmente este fato pode sugerir o esforço dos administradores em evidenciar informações devido ao fortalecimento do papel de monitoramento dos conselhos das empresas com estas características. Os progressos nas melhorias das práticas de governança corporativa no Brasil dependem de maior ação dos agentes de mercado e as evidências desta pesquisa indicam alguns pontos para melhoria e aprofundamento de pesquisas acadêmicas tanto na adoção de práticas de governança quanto no nível de transparência de informações. / The Board of Directors (BoD) is the focus of several researches as it is considered the main corporate governance mechanism. Following the research line that investigates the impact of BoD structure on corporate decisions, this research aims to investigate the relationship between the alignment of recommended governance practices related to the BoD and the disclosure level of companies. Specifically, it evaluates the complementary or substitute relationship between governance practices and disclosure level. Additionally, it investigates the relationship between the presence of accounting professional in the BoD and the disclosure level of companies. An index has been elaborated to measure the alignment to corporate governance practices. The index has been built comprising sub indexes relating to independence, time availability, diversity and committees. For the dependent variable, a disclosure index has been elaborated based on disclosure of policies on risk management, audit expenditures, related party transactions, ethics code and administrators\' remuneration. Exploratory analyses were performed by differences between average of certain companies groups and panel data analysis to verify the consistency of the relationship between governance practices alignment and disclosure level. The exploratory results presented that both means of alignment to governance practices of BoD index and disclosure index were below half the maximum score, 16 and 6 points respectively. It appears that many recommendations in relation to independence, time availability, diversity and committees have not yet been adopted by companies and there is still much to be improved. Regarding the accounting professionals participation in BoD, the relevant results presented that companies that have directors or external advisors with accounting background in the composition of the Audit Committee have statistically higher average of disclosure index compared to companies that do not have accounting professionals in the composition of this Committee. The panel data analysis results haven\'t confirmed the research hypothesis that there is a complementary relationship between the adoption of recommended governance practices and disclosure level. However confirm the complementarity between the level of disclosure and the variables related to trading on Novo Mercado and New York Stock Exchange (companies issuing ADRs), probably this may suggest this relation follows the administrators\' efforts to disclose information due to the strengthening of boards monitoring role. Progress in the improvement of corporate governance practices in Brazil depends on greater action of market agents, the evidences of this research indicate some points for improvement and further academic research development in both adoption of governance practices and on transparency information level.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:15:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo analisa os fatores diferenciadores do nível de divulgação de informações voluntárias sobre o meio ambiente por companhias brasileiras de capital aberto pertencentes a setores de alto impacto ambiental. A partir da teoria da divulgação foram formuladas sete variáveis: tamanho, rentabilidade, endividamento, governança corporativa, sustentabilidade, controle acionário e internacionalização, as quais visam estabelecer a relação com o nível de divulgação ambiental. Por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo das Demonstrações Financeiras Padronizadas (DFPs) do exercício findo em 2008, examinaram-se as informações de caráter ambiental divulgadas por 69 empresas com ações listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA), pertencentes a setores de alto impacto ambiental, classificadas de acordo com o Anexo VIII da Lei n°. 10.165/2000. Em seguida, identificaram-se os fatores diferenciadores que explicam a divulgação de informações ambientais por meio da técnica estatística de regressão múltipla. Os resul / This study analyzes the differentiation factors of the level of disclosure of volunteer information about the environment by Brazilian joint stock companies belonging to sectors of high environmental impact. Considering the disclosure theory, seven variables were formulated: dimension, profitability, debt, corporate governance, sustainability, stock control and internationalization; they aim to establish the relationship with the level of environmental disclosure. Through content analyze technique of the Financial Demonstrations Patterns (FIPs) ended in 2008 it was examined information of environmental nature published by 69 companies that have shares listed in the Stock Exchange of São Paulo (BOVESPA), classified according Attachment VIII of the Law n°. 10.165/2000. Afterwards, it was identified the differentiation factors that explain the disclosure of environmental information by statistical technique of multiple regression. The results reveal that the information verified in the FIPs figurate, in general,

O Conselho de Administração (CA) é foco de diversas pesquisas por ser considerado o principal mecanismo de governança corporativa. Inserido na linha de pesquisa que investiga o impacto da estrutura do CA sobre as decisões corporativas, esta pesquisa tem o intuito de verificar a relação entre o alinhamento às práticas recomendadas de governança relativas ao CA e o nível de evidenciação das empresas. Especificamente, avalia-se a relação de complementaridade ou substituição entre as práticas de governança e o nível de evidenciação. Adicionalmente, investiga-se a relação entre a presença do profissional da área contábil nos conselhos e o nível de evidenciação das empresas. Optou-se pela elaboração de índices para mensurar o alinhamento às práticas de governança. O índice construído é composto por subíndices referentes à independência, disponibilidade de tempo, diversidade e comitês. Para a variável dependente, foi elaborado um índice de evidenciação com base na divulgação de políticas sobre gerenciamento de risco, gastos com auditoria, operações com partes relacionadas, código de ética e remuneração dos administradores. Foram realizadas análises exploratórias por meio de diferenças de médias entre determinados grupos de empresas, e análise de dados em painel a fim de verificar a consistência das relações entre o alinhamento às práticas de governança e o nível de evidenciação. Os resultados exploratórios evidenciam que tanto a média do índice de alinhamento às práticas de governança do CA quanto o índice de evidenciação ficaram abaixo da metade da pontuação máxima, 16 e 6 pontos, respectivamente. Constata-se que muitas recomendações em relação à independência, disponibilidade de tempo, diversidade e comitês ainda não foram adotadas pelas empresas, havendo ainda muito a ser aprimorado. Em relação à participação do profissional da área contábil, destaca-se que empresas com conselheiros ou membros externos com formação em contabilidade na composição do Comitê de Auditoria apresentam média estatisticamente superior em relação ao índice de evidenciação se comparada às empresas que não têm profissionais com essa formação na composição deste Comitê. Os resultados da análise de dados em painel não confirmam a hipótese desta pesquisa em relação à complementaridade entre a adoção de práticas recomendadas de governança corporativa e o nível de evidenciação. Porém confirmam a complementaridade entre o nível de evidenciação e as variáveis relacionadas à negociação no Novo Mercado e na Bolsa de Nova Iorque (empresas com emissão de ADRs), provavelmente este fato pode sugerir o esforço dos administradores em evidenciar informações devido ao fortalecimento do papel de monitoramento dos conselhos das empresas com estas características. Os progressos nas melhorias das práticas de governança corporativa no Brasil dependem de maior ação dos agentes de mercado e as evidências desta pesquisa indicam alguns pontos para melhoria e aprofundamento de pesquisas acadêmicas tanto na adoção de práticas de governança quanto no nível de transparência de informações. / The Board of Directors (BoD) is the focus of several researches as it is considered the main corporate governance mechanism. Following the research line that investigates the impact of BoD structure on corporate decisions, this research aims to investigate the relationship between the alignment of recommended governance practices related to the BoD and the disclosure level of companies. Specifically, it evaluates the complementary or substitute relationship between governance practices and disclosure level. Additionally, it investigates the relationship between the presence of accounting professional in the BoD and the disclosure level of companies. An index has been elaborated to measure the alignment to corporate governance practices. The index has been built comprising sub indexes relating to independence, time availability, diversity and committees. For the dependent variable, a disclosure index has been elaborated based on disclosure of policies on risk management, audit expenditures, related party transactions, ethics code and administrators\' remuneration. Exploratory analyses were performed by differences between average of certain companies groups and panel data analysis to verify the consistency of the relationship between governance practices alignment and disclosure level. The exploratory results presented that both means of alignment to governance practices of BoD index and disclosure index were below half the maximum score, 16 and 6 points respectively. It appears that many recommendations in relation to independence, time availability, diversity and committees have not yet been adopted by companies and there is still much to be improved. Regarding the accounting professionals participation in BoD, the relevant results presented that companies that have directors or external advisors with accounting background in the composition of the Audit Committee have statistically higher average of disclosure index compared to companies that do not have accounting professionals in the composition of this Committee. The panel data analysis results haven\'t confirmed the research hypothesis that there is a complementary relationship between the adoption of recommended governance practices and disclosure level. However confirm the complementarity between the level of disclosure and the variables related to trading on Novo Mercado and New York Stock Exchange (companies issuing ADRs), probably this may suggest this relation follows the administrators\' efforts to disclose information due to the strengthening of boards monitoring role. Progress in the improvement of corporate governance practices in Brazil depends on greater action of market agents, the evidences of this research indicate some points for improvement and further academic research development in both adoption of governance practices and on transparency information level.

本研究旨在探討我國生醫產業公開說明書之資訊揭露程度對初次公開發行 (IPO, initial public offering)定價效率及次級市場投資人信念異質性程度之影響。當初級市場認購人間資訊不對稱程度越大時，IPO價值之事前不確定性越高。為均衡各交易參與者之利益，發行人與承銷商將主動提升公開說明書之資訊揭露程度，以制定適當的IPO折價幅度、維持承銷商合理的承銷風險與報酬，並協助認購人適切評定IPO之價值。異質信念觀點強調次級市場投資人對企業價值看法之歧異程度越大，將導致IPO蜜月期報酬之異常現象。本研究預期若無形資產密集度越高，IPO事前不確定性越大，則IPO折價幅度越大，並預期公開說明書之資訊揭露程度將改變無形資產密集度對折價幅度之影響程度。此外，本研究預期，生醫產業IPO案件之無形資產密集度、公開說明書之資訊揭露程度及者配售情形均可能影響投資人信念異質性，進而影響掛牌初期之成交價量表現。 本研究參考國外證券主管機關之無形資產資訊揭露規範，自行建立資訊揭露指標，系統性地衡量我國生醫產業公開說明書之資訊揭露程度，並以多元迴歸分析檢測假說。實證結果顯示，我國生醫產業IPO案件之無形資產密集度對IPO折價幅度存在顯著正向影響；公開說明書之資訊揭露程度改變無形資產密集度對折價幅度之影響程度；發行人之無形資產密集度、公開說明書資訊揭露程度及初級市場配售情形皆影響掛牌初期之投資人信念異質性及價格震盪幅度。研究結果證實公開說明書之資訊揭露提供預期效益，及初級與次級市場間之資訊相互流通、交易行為相互連動之關聯性。 / This research examines how the disclosure level of prospectus influences the efficiency of IPO (initial public offering) pricing in the primary market and the degree of divergence of opinions in the secondary market. The literature of IPO underpricing suggests that ex ante uncertainty due to information asymmetry has a positive impact on IPO discount and voluntary disclosure of prospectuses may reduce the uncertainty level. This research hypothesizes that, for biotechnology companies, a greater disclosure level of prospectuses would lower the impact of intensity of intangibles on IPO discount. Further, this research hypothesizes a relation between the pricing efficiency in primary market and the level of divergence of opinions in secondary market. The empirical results from regression analyses of hand-collected data show that, for biotechnology IPOs, the disclosure level of prospectuses reduces the impact of the intensity of intangibles on IPO discount. In addition, the intensity of intangibles, disclosure level of prospectuses, and trading behaviors in the primary market have an effect on the degree of divergence of opinions in the secondary market. In sum, this research evidences the expected benefits of the increased level of voluntary disclosure of prospectuses for biotechnology IPOs.