Objective. To explore the impact of parent psychological distress and parental bonding on agreement between informants about adolescent emotional functioning. Methods. The study employed an observational design in which 87 pairs of mothers and their adolescent sons or daughters aged 12-17 completed proxyand self-report ratings on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Mothers also completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale as a measure of their own psychological distress, and adolescents completed the Parental Bonding Instrument as a measure of their parenting experience. Moderation analyses using multiple linear regression were used to assess whether the association between maternal psychological distress and mother-adolescent agreement changed as a factor of parental bonding. Results. Kappa values indicated that mother-adolescent agreement was ‘fair’ for emotional problems. Mothers’ psychological distress and sub-optimal parenting were both associated with greater reporting discrepancies. Maternal psychological distress and perceived maternal were unique and combined predictors of reporting discrepancies. Perceived care moderated the relationship between maternal distress and agreement such that when care was rated as low, higher levels of maternal distress predicted poor agreement, but when care was rated as high no significant relationship was found between distress and agreement. Conclusions. Increased mother-adolescent agreement was associated with lower maternal psychological distress and higher ratings of perceived care. The effect of psychological distress on informant agreement varied as a factor of perceived maternal care. Results of this study support the need for multiinformant assessment and suggest that enquiry about mothers’ own psychological functioning could facilitate accurate assessment and intervention for adolescents who present at psychology services.

Class of 2017 Abstract / Objectives: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of using advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) students in the collection of admission medication history at an academic teaching hospital prior to pharmacist review. Methods: The study is a retrospective, descriptive study. Using electronic medical records, the study looked at patients admitted to specific floors during a two-month period. The primary outcome was number of discrepancies found by the APPE students. The secondary outcome was the type of discrepancy found (omission, duplication, wrong dose, wrong frequency, wrong dosage form, and medications the subject no longer takes). Results: Over eight weeks, the APPE students identified 2,666 discrepancies, which equates to approximately 4.71 ± 4.76 discrepancies per patient. The majority of these discrepancies were identified as omissions of therapy (39.1%), followed by medications the patients were no longer taking (29.8%), and wrong dosing frequencies (18.1%). Conclusions: APPE students assisted the medication reconciliation process by identifying numerous medication discrepancies which may have prevented patient harm. APPE students are an underutilized resource and prove to be an asset to the healthcare team.

Epidemiological research indicates that parents report lower levels of youths’ exposure to violence than youth self-report, and theory suggests that such discrepancies reflect parents’ lack of knowledge of youth victimization and impaired ability to help children cope with victimization. This study extends prior research examining the implications of parent-youth informant discrepancies on ratings of victimization. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to identify groups of dyads distinguished by patterns of parent and youth report of victimization, uncovering heterogeneity based on patterns of parent-youth ratings of victimization. Analyses examined how latent classes reflecting parent-youth agreement on victimization were related to adjustment (i.e., depression, aggression, and delinquency) concurrently and over time. Participants were youths ages 10-15 years and their mothers (N=1,339 dyads) from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). Parent and youth reports of six victimization events were used as the observed indicators in latent class analysis. Youths and parents completed parallel measures of adjustment (anxiety/depression and delinquency subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self Report) concurrently and at follow-up assessment (~2.5 years). This study compared three classes of youths: (a) Low Victimization (77.0%), (b) Youth > Parent (13.5%), and (c) Parent > Youth (8.1%). Concurrently, the class in which youths reported more victimization than parents (Youth > Parent) demonstrated higher levels of youth-reported depression, delinquency, and aggression. Longitudinally, however, this was not the case. In fact, the Parent >Youth class was more likely to show increased maladjustment, relative to the Youth > Parent class. Specifically, these youths showed increases in both youth- and parent- reported delinquent behavior, as well as parent-report of youth anxious/depressed behavior. In the absence of a gold standard to determine which informant is over- or under- reporting victimization, a person-centered approach can offer a unique framework for integrating informant reports. Moreover, discrepant perspectives can offer useful information for understanding the effects of victimization, as well as implications for prevention and intervention.

La variabilité spatiale et temporelle des biomarqueurs entre tumeur primitive et métastase est une question clé à une époque où une meilleure individualisation des thérapeutiques est vivement attendue par les cliniciens, les chercheurs et les patients. Le projet de la thèse est de préciser les profils moléculaires différentiels entre tumeur primitive et métastases. Des échantillons conservés congélation issus de deux cohortes de patients ont été considérés : cancer bronchique non à petites cellules (15 patients) et cancer colorectal (13 patients, dont 11 patients avec contrôle de tissus sains). Ces prélèvements ont été analysés par séquençage haut débit et en expression génique afin d'étudier l'hétérogénéité tumorale lors de la progression métastatique et ainsi que les voies potentiellement impliquées dans le processus métastatique.Une forte conservation des profils génomiques est observée à la première progression métastatique pour les gènes récurrents des cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules et des cancers colorectaux. Si les études d'expression génique ne permettent pas de mettre en évidence de profil spécifique de la métastase, elles apportent des éléments utiles sur la conservation de certaines voies importantes dans les processus oncogéniques, identifient des gènes d'intérêt particulier dans l'étude de la progression métastatique et soulignent l'impact de l'effet tissu pour les analyses d'expression. / The question of spatial and temporal variability of biomarkers in solid tumors is a key issue in an era where personalized therapy is strongly advocated by clinicians, researchers and patients. The purpose of the work is to compare molecular profiles of primary tumor and matched metastasis in order to precise tumor heterogeneity during metastatic progression and to investigate pathways potentially involved in the metastatic process.Frozen samples from two cohorts of patients were considered: non-small cell lung cancer (15 patients) and colorectal cancer (13 patients, 11 patients with healthy control tissues). These samples were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and gene expression. Highly conserved genomic profiles were observed in the first metastatic progression for known recurrent genes in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer. If gene expression studies do not highlight specific profile of metastasis, they provide useful data on the conservation of some important oncogenic pathways; identify genes of interest in the study of metastatic progression and highlight the putative impact of the effect of healthy tissue for expression analysis.

Investigation of stains from crime scenes are commonly used in the search for criminals. At The National Laboratory of Forensic Science, where these stains are examined, a number of questions of theoretical and practical interest regarding the databases of DNA profiles and the strength of DNA evidence against a suspect in a trial are not fully investigated. The first part of this thesis deals with how a sample of DNA profiles from a population is used in the process of estimating the strength of DNA evidence in a trial, taking population genetic factors into account. We then consider how to combine hypotheses regarding the relationship between a suspect and other possible donors of the stain from the crime scene by two applications of Bayes’ theorem. After that we assess the DNA profiles that minimize the strength of DNA evidence against a suspect, and investigate how the strength is affected by sampling error using the bootstrap method and a Bayesian method. In the last part of the thesis we examine discrepancies between different databases of DNA profiles by both descriptive and inferential statistics, including likelihood ratio tests and Bayes factor tests. Little evidence of major differences is found.

Like most ethnic and multicultural narratives, Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club revolves around the development of an identity in which immigrant experience and all the questions of ethno- cultural identity that attend to it play central roles. The aim of this essay is to investigate the process of identity formation of the second-generation Chinese immigrant daughters who encounter Chinese culture at home while having the immediate experience of living in America, with a focus on the cultural, language and generational gaps that exist between the Chinese mothers and their American- born daughters. This study is guided by a theoretical framework that combines postcolonial theory and a number of established theories of identity construction including the concept of hybrid identity in order to analyze and explore the American-born daughters’ identity creation. Based on this analysis, this paper presents evidence that an identity formation process that involves cultural hybridization has occurred and the outcome of this identity formation is that of a hybrid identity.

Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų moksleivių mitybos socialinius netolygumus. Darbo uždaviniai: Nustatyti moksleivių socialinę padėtį. Įvertinti moksleivių mitybos įpročius. Nustatyti ryšį tarp moksleivių maitinimosi ir jų šeimos turtingumo. Tyrimo metodika: Iš viso apklausti 3465 Lietuvos moksleiviai. Imtis atrinkta naudojant atsitiktinumo principą ir taikant hierarchinės atrankos schemą. Kintamųjų ryšiai vertinti taikant Pirsono chi kvadrato (χ2) kriterijų. Siekiant nustatyti įvairių maisto produktų vartojimo santykinį netolygumo indeksą tarp ištirtų paauglių, taikyta vienaveiksnė ir daugiaveiksnė logistinė regresinė analizė. Naudoti šie statistinio reikšmingumo lygiai: p≤0,05, p≤0,01 ir p≤0,001. Rezultatai: Lietuvos moksleivių šeimų socialinė ekonominė situacija yra nevienoda. 19,7 proc. moksleivių gyveno žemos, 38,8 proc. vidutinės ir 41,5 proc. aukštos socialinės ekonominės situacijos šeimose. Didelės dalies Lietuvos moksleivių mityba nėra sveika, nes nepakankamai dažnai vartojami vaisiai ir daržovės. Mergaitės dažniau vartojo vaisius, daržoves, saldainius ir šokoladą, o rečiau - traškučius, greito maisto produktus ir putojančius saldžius gėrimus. Vyresniųjų klasių mokiniai rečiau vartojo vaisius, tortą, pyragaičius ir sausainius, traškučius, putojančius saldžius gėrimus. Vienuoliktokai rečiausiai valgė greito maisto produktus. Gyvenantieji mieste dažniau valgė vaisius ir daržoves, bet rečiau traškučius. Socialiniai netolygumai didžiausią įtaką... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study: Evaluate the social discrepancies between the eating habits of secondary comprehensive school students in Lithuania The objectives of the study: Identify the social status of the students examined. Assess the eating habits of students. Evaluate the relation between the eating habits of students and their socio-economic status. Methodology: 3465 Lithuanian students were interviewed during the examination. The number of recipients was chosen according to the principle of coincidence and hierarchical scheme of classification. Relations of the variables were evaluated applying the criteria of Pearson chi-square. In order to examine relative index of inequality between various products, one-act as well as multiple act logic-based depression analysis were applied. The statistical levels of significance applied were the following: p≤0,05, p≤0,01 ir p≤0,001. Results: 19,7% of students lived in the families with low, 38,8% with average and 41,5% with high social situation. The eating habits were not healthy because of low intake of fruits and vegetables. Girls ate more fruits, vegetables, sweets and chocolate but less crisps, fast food and sparkling drinks. The olders consumed less fruits, cakes, biscuits, sparkling drinks. Eleven-grade-students were the ones who ate the least fast food. More of the students who lived in cities ate fruits and vegetables, while they ate less crisps. Discrepancies within social status influenced the most on how much students ate... [to full text]

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a significant relationship exists between self-concept discrepancies and expressed need for achievement. A self-concept discrepancy score was obtained and a low and high discrepancy group was isolated. Expressed need for achievement was measured by the use of the Thematic Apperception Test and scored according to the Atkinson method. Mean comparisons of need achievement scores of subjects whose discrepancies between actual and ideal self-concept were in the upper or lower one~third of the distribution were found not to be significant at the 5 percent level of confidence.

Nearly 50% of Americans will meet the diagnostic criteria of some form of mental illness in their lifetime (Mehta & Edwards, 2018). However, only 40% of these individuals will seek treatment for them. Patients with mental illness have a lifespan that is, on average, 25 years shorter than individuals without mental illness and are at 2-3 times the risk of diabetes, heart, and lung disease than the average population but do not receive adequate treatment at a proportionate rate. As a country, there are very negative stereotypes held towards individuals struggling with mental illness and substance use disorders even though they are among the most common conditions in the population. This stigma against mental illness often prevents individuals from seeking care for their symptoms and causes medical providers to treat patients with mental illness differently than those without them. Stigma can be seen in the way providers speak about patients with mental illness, the way the medical record labels patients with mental illness, and even how health care providers themselves fail to seek treatment when suffering from mental illness themselves. This thesis examines the types of stigmas that exist, describes how it interferes with clinical care and causes adverse clinical outcomes for patients with mental illness and substance use disorders and provides recommendations for improving the treatment of individuals with mental illness and the importance of normalizing talking about mental illness. / Urban Bioethics

Repeatedly, parents have reported more frequent and higher quality sex communication with adolescent children than adolescents report taking place. The current study analyzes the discrepancy in parent-child report of sex communication with three main focuses: the magnitude of the discrepancy, whether parent or adolescent perception is more associated with adolescent sexual esteem, and whether the discrepancy is associated with adolescent sexual esteem. Using data from the Healthy Sexuality Project, we analyze a random sample of 620 families using a hierarchical linear regression to measure whether a discrepancy in parent-adolescent reports of the frequency and quality of sex communication has influence on adolescent sexual-esteem.