Impact on accuracy in elderly patients’ medication list, introducing pharmacy-led medical reconciliation at the Emergency department in a Swedish hospital. Background and objective: Discrepancies in patients‘ medication list is a well-known problem and contribute to preventable medication errors. Medication errors could increase morbidity and mortality and are cost-driving to the Health Care System. The primary objective was to investigate if a pharmacist-led medical reconciliation at the Emergency department could increase the accuracy in medication lists for patients at the age of 75 years and older, with five or more drugs in their initial medication list. The second objective was to categorize the discrepancies and the drugs causing them. Study design: Intervention study with retrospective control group. In the intervention group, patients received a medical reconciliation at the Emergency department. In conformity with the retrospective control group, the intervention group also received a medical reconciliation at the hospital ward. All medical reconciliations where pharmacy-led. Discrepancies identified at the medical reconciliation at the ward, were quantified and categorized. Drugs causing discrepancies were categorized by the ATC-index. Descriptive statistics, Chi2-tests and T-tests were performed.  Setting: The Emergency department at the hospital of Kristianstad, four wards at the larger emergency hospital in Kristianstad and two wards at the smaller local hospital in Hässleholm in Sweden Main outcome measures: Numbers of discrepancies in patients ‘medication list identified at medical reconciliation at hospital ward after having an initial medical reconciliation at the Emergency department (intervention) or not (control). Category of discrepancy and ATC-index of the substance causing the discrepancy. Results: In control group (n=65), 170 discrepancies were identified, on average 2,6 discrepancies/medication list. In intervention group (n=65), corresponding figures were 44 and 0,7 respectively. The difference between the groups was significant (p <0,0001).  The main category of discrepancy was “commission of a medication” in the control group and “route of administration” in the intervention group. Paracetamol was the most common drug to cause discrepancies in the control group, zopiklon and furosemid in intervention group. Conclusion: Pharmacy-led medical reconciliation at the Emergency department significantly reduced the number of discrepancies in patients´medication list.

Die Dissertation besteht aus einem Einleitungsteil sowie drei empirischen Zeitschriftenartikeln. Die Einleitung liefert den theoretischen Hintergrund, integriert die drei Zeitschriftenartikel und geht auf anknüpfende Forschungsfragen ein. Der erste Artikel befasst sich mit unterschiedlichen indirekten Messverfahren zur Erfassung impliziter Selbstwertschätzung und untersucht deren Reliabilität sowie konvergente und diskriminante Validität. Der zweite Artikel untersucht, wie Diskrepanzen zwischen impliziter und expliziter Selbstwertschätzung mit defensiven Reaktionen auf soziales Feedback zusammenhängen. Der dritte Artikel untersucht schließlich Zusammenhänge zwischen Selbstwertdiskrepanzen und Indikatoren psychischer und physischer Gesundheit. / The dissertation consists of an introduction and three empirical journal articles. The introduction gives the theoretical background, integrates the three journal articles, and elaborates on future research questions. The first article investigates the reliability and convergent and discriminant validity of implicit self-esteem measures. The second article examines, how discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem are connected to defensive reactions to social feedback. The third article investigates the relationship of self-esteem discrepancies to indicators of mental and physical health.

No description available.

This thesis aims to contribute to the academic discussion and deepen the understanding of tensions in the relationship between social movements, and governmental actors. This has been done by examining discrepancies in the discourse, between governmental actors and social movements, on spatial justice-related issues in Cape Town and how tensions remain to exist whilst working for similar causes. Discrepancies were found using the discourse analysis approach What’s the Problem Represented to be. The material analyzed was collected from governmental policy documents, reports from the social movements, and complementary interviews were held with social movements. Three detected discrepancies were found around: insufficient living environments, the role of economic growth and ideological beliefs, and the understanding of meaningful engagement. The results show that the legacies of Apartheid and post-Apartheid structures also shape the tensions in the relationship between social movements and the government. The conclusion is followed by arguing for a need for attentiveness to power structures and meaningful participatory processes to overcome inequalities. Identifiers, as found in our study on spatial injustice in Cape Town, for understanding tension in the relationship between governments and social movement can be found in similar structures in a wider context.

本研究之目的在了解使用同儕評量為考核方式時，可能影響團體成員公平知覺等心理反應的因素。研究中以96名大學女生為實驗對象，採2x2x2實驗設計，探討“同儕評量與自評之差異”、“團體成員相對親疏關係”及“決策控制力（自評對獎金分配之影響力）”等三個因素對團體成員公平知覺之影響，並了解內外控傾向在此影響機制中扮演的角色。研究結果顯示，當團體使用同儕評量之考核方法時，“同儕評量與自評之差異”對個體的公平知覺、結果滿意、團體吸引力、再次合作意願均有非常顯著的影響。顯示個體相當關心自我評量與同儕評量之差異，當同儕評量比自評低時，個人在以上幾種心理反應都顯著的較弱。在“相對親疏關係”上，結果顯示個體進入團體中時，若感覺其他兩位成員間之親疏關係，比個體自己與其他任一人間為親密時，其公平知覺會較低。在“決策控制力”上，則發現其對公平知覺與再次合作意願有顯著影響，當自評對酬賞結果具有影響力（決策控制力高）時，個體的公平知覺會較高，也較願意再次與其他兩位成員合作。在“同儕評量與自評之差異”、“相對親疏關係”、“決策控制力”三者之交互作用方面，分析結果顯示均未達顯著。在內外控此變項上，除發現其對公平知覺有顯著影響，即愈外控者之公平知覺愈低外，另亦顯示內外控與“相對親疏關係”具有交互作用，但與“決策控制力”、“同儕評量與自評之差異”之交互作用並不顯著，表示內外控只在“相對親疏關係”對公平知覺之影響上有調節效果。本研究最後對未獲驗證之部份加以討論，並依實驗所得結果，提出可能之貢獻、限制、對未來研究的建議及工商實務上之應用。 / This study, employing 96 undergraduates and 2×2×2 experimental design, examined the effects of “discrepancies between peer rating and self rating”, “ relative relationship” and “decision control (the influence of self rating on reward) ” to group members’ perception of fairness. The role of locus of control was also explored. When using the peer rating, subjects who received relative lower peer rating showed weaker perception of fairness, less satisfied with outcome, less attracted to other two coworkers and lower recooperative willing. Subjects perceived fairer when the relative relationship is equal (the familiarity within group members is the same). With the high decision control, subjects’ perception of fairness and recooperative willing were higher. No interaction effect of these three independent variables was found. Locus of control had moderating effect on the relation between relative relationship and perception of fairness. Implications for management and future research are discussed.

Die Dissertation besteht aus einem Einleitungsteil und drei empirischen Beiträgen. Die Einleitung gibt eine Einführung in das Themengebiet der Selbstwertschätzung und deren Erfassung mit indirekten Verfahren. Vor allem aber dient sie dazu, die empirischen Befunde der Beiträge zu integrieren. Die ersten beiden Artikel widmen sich der Überprüfung der psychometrischen Qualität indirekter Verfahren. Das Augenmerk des ersten Beitrags liegt auf der Prüfung, ob verschiedene indirekte Verfahren konvergieren und ob explizite und implizite Selbstwertschätzung korrespondieren, wenn implizite Selbstwertschätzung reliabel erfasst wird. Außerdem werden strukturelle Ähnlichkeiten der indirekten Verfahren in die Betrachtungen mit einbezogen. Der zweite Beitrag komplettiert die Untersuchungen zur Güte der Verfahren. Der Fokus dieses Beitrags liegt im Nachweis der prädiktiven Validität verschiedener indirekter Verfahren. Dabei werden Kriterien herangezogen, die nicht im Selbstbericht erhoben werden. Im Detail wird eine doppelte Dissoziation zwischen expliziter und impliziter Selbstwertschätzung geprüft. Der dritte Beitrag rundet diese Arbeit ab, da er sich auch einem anwendungsbezogenen Aspekt der Persönlichkeitspsychologie widmet. Untersucht wird der Zusammenhang zwischen defensiven Verhaltensweisen und Selbstwertdiskrepanzen, also der Kombination expliziter und impliziter Selbstwertschätzung. / The dissertation consists of an introduction and three empirical journal articles. The introduction gives the theoretical background about self-esteem and its assessment with indirect measures, and primarily, integrates the three journal articles. The first article investigates the reliability and convergent and discriminant validity of indirect measures of self-esteem. The second article complements the examination of the psychometric properties. It contributes evidence to the predictive validity of indirect self-esteem measures. With using non-self-reported criteria, a double dissociation between explicit and implicit self-esteem is tested. The third article brings into focus an applied aspect of personality psychology. It is analyzed how defensive reactions are related to self-esteem discrepancies, that are different combinations of explicit and implicit self-esteem.

Modalités de gestion du milieu temporel dans une conduite de processus multiples en situation dynamique :une recherche dans des entreprises horticoles. Cette recherche porte sur les modalités de gestion temporelle, dans des situations professionnelles tendues entre les nécessités d’une production engageant des phénomènes dynamiques multiples et une rationalisation du travail supposée faire face aux besoins économiques de l’entreprise, en l’occurrence, dans le secteur de l’horticulture. La thèse soutenue est que les travailleurs, et en particulier des chefs de culture en tant qu’encadrants intermédiaires, assurent une gestion de leur milieu temporel de travail, dans la dynamique de leur activité. Cette gestion est active dans le sens où elle intègre des cadres temporels. Ceux-ci peuvent être analysés à la fois comme des ressources et des contraintes dans leur activité. La gestion du milieu temporel peut être entravée par certaines configurations de ces cadres, qui ne permettent pas aux chefs de culture d’intégrer les risques pour la production, pour eux-mêmes ou pour les autres travailleurs. Nous proposons une structure de formalisation des cadres temporels et de leurs interrelations dans la dynamique du milieu temporel. Elle est issue d’une démarche de « dépliage » des temporalités, fondée sur une analyse ergonomique de l’activité. La modélisation des cadres et de la gestion du milieu temporel est une conceptualisation fonctionnelle pour analyser les conditions temporelles du travail en tant que ressources pour un agir temporel pragmatique dans l’activité. / Terms of environment temporal management in a conduct of multiple processes, in dynamic situations : A research in horticulture production. This research focuses on how to manage temporalities in professional situations strained between the needs of a multiple dynamics production and a rationalization of work supposed to meet the economic needs of the company. The thesis is that workers, especially in this case middle managers in horticulture production, manage their temporal work environment in the dynamics of their activity. This management is active in the sense that it integrates timeframes, which are both resources and constraints in their activity. Temporal environment management can be hampered by some configurations of timeframes, which do not enable these workers to masterise production risks, and risks for themselves or other workers.We propose a formalization of timeframes and their relationships in the dynamics of the temporal environment. The methodology consists in a process of “unfolding” temporalities. It is based on ergonomic activity analysis. Modeling timeframes and temporal environment management is a functional conceptualization to analyze the temporal conditions of work as resources for pragmatic temporal acting, in work activity.

Die Dissertation besteht aus einem Einleitungsteil und drei empirischen Beiträgen. Die Einleitung gibt eine Einführung in das Themengebiet der Selbstwertschätzung und deren Erfassung mit indirekten Verfahren. Vor allem aber dient sie dazu, die empirischen Befunde der Beiträge zu integrieren. Die ersten beiden Artikel widmen sich der Überprüfung der psychometrischen Qualität indirekter Verfahren. Das Augenmerk des ersten Beitrags liegt auf der Prüfung, ob verschiedene indirekte Verfahren konvergieren und ob explizite und implizite Selbstwertschätzung korrespondieren, wenn implizite Selbstwertschätzung reliabel erfasst wird. Außerdem werden strukturelle Ähnlichkeiten der indirekten Verfahren in die Betrachtungen mit einbezogen. Der zweite Beitrag komplettiert die Untersuchungen zur Güte der Verfahren. Der Fokus dieses Beitrags liegt im Nachweis der prädiktiven Validität verschiedener indirekter Verfahren. Dabei werden Kriterien herangezogen, die nicht im Selbstbericht erhoben werden. Im Detail wird eine doppelte Dissoziation zwischen expliziter und impliziter Selbstwertschätzung geprüft. Der dritte Beitrag rundet diese Arbeit ab, da er sich auch einem anwendungsbezogenen Aspekt der Persönlichkeitspsychologie widmet. Untersucht wird der Zusammenhang zwischen defensiven Verhaltensweisen und Selbstwertdiskrepanzen, also der Kombination expliziter und impliziter Selbstwertschätzung. / The dissertation consists of an introduction and three empirical journal articles. The introduction gives the theoretical background about self-esteem and its assessment with indirect measures, and primarily, integrates the three journal articles. The first article investigates the reliability and convergent and discriminant validity of indirect measures of self-esteem. The second article complements the examination of the psychometric properties. It contributes evidence to the predictive validity of indirect self-esteem measures. With using non-self-reported criteria, a double dissociation between explicit and implicit self-esteem is tested. The third article brings into focus an applied aspect of personality psychology. It is analyzed how defensive reactions are related to self-esteem discrepancies, that are different combinations of explicit and implicit self-esteem.

No description available.

The overarching question of the study was how common mutual love is, and to what extent attachment relates to relationship asymmetries. Four research questions and four hypotheses were posed and explored using a cross-sectional survey design with data analyzed using quantitative methods. Instruments were employed to measure passionate love, companionate love, partner value, emotional involvement and attachment. All four hypotheses found partial support. The main result show that a) asymmetries are relatively common on all scales b) mutual love means increased satisfaction, but mainly for women c) for most couples partners take turn at being the strong link, and this fluctuating dynamic leads to increased satisfaction c) attachment anxiety is related to asymmetries in romantic obsession rather than general passion d) avoidance in men relate to asymmetries in passionate love whereas avoidance in women relate to asymmetries in companionate love e) it seems common to have some form of positive illusions about whether one’s relationship is mutual or not. Finally, disagreeing about emotional involvement affects satisfaction more than actual asymmetries in love. The conclusion drawn is that honest communication is more important than mutual love.