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Health care for intimate partner violence : current standard of care and development of protocol managementJoyner, Kate 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The World Health Organisation recognises intimate partner violence (IPV) to be of major
consequence to women’s mental and physical health, yet in South Africa it remains a
neglected area of care. Within a professional action research framework, this study
implemented a previously recommended South African protocol for the screening and holistic
management of IPV in women in order to test its feasibility and to adapt it for use in the
primary health care (PHC) sector of the Western Cape. It also aimed to identify the current
nature of care offered to female survivors of IPV. Thirdly, it aimed to learn from the process
of training and supporting (nurse) researchers who were new to the action research paradigm
and methodology.
Successfully implementing and evaluating a complex health intervention in the current PHC
scenario required a flexible methodology which could enable real engagement with, and a
creative response to, the issues as they emerged. Guided by the British Medical Research
Council’s framework for development and evaluation of randomised controlled trials for
complex health interventions (Medical Research Council, 2000, p.3), this study was
positioned within the modelling phase. Professional action research used a co-operative
inquiry group process as the overarching method with the usual cycles of action, observation,
reflection and planning. Altogether five co-researchers were involved in implementing the
protocol and were members of the inquiry group. A number of techniques were used to
observe and reflect on experience, including participant interviews, key informant interviews,
focus groups with health care providers at each site, quantitative data from the medical
records and protocol, field notes and academic literature. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wêreld Gesondheidsorganisasie erken dat geweldpleging in intieme verhoudings
(“intimate partner violence”, of IPV) ‘n groot impak het op vroue se geestes- en fisiese
gesondheid, terwyl dit ʼn verwaarloosde area van sorg in Suid-Afrika is. Binne ‘n
professionele aksie-navorsingsraamwerk, implementeer hierdie studie ‘n voorheen aanbevole
Suid-Afrikaanse protokol vir die sifting en holistiese hantering van IPV by vroue om die
uitvoerbaarheid daarvan te toets en om dit aan te pas vir gebruik in die primêre
gesondheidsorgsektor (PGS) van die Wes-Kaap. Die projek poog ook om die huidige aard van
sorg wat aan vroulike oorlewendes van IPV beskikbaar is, te identifiseer. Derdens het dit ook
ten doel om te leer van die proses van opleiding en ondersteuning van (verpleeg-) navorsers
vir wie die aksie-navorsingsparadigma en methodologie nuut was.
Suksesvolle implementering en evaluering van ‘n komplekse gesondheidsintervensie in die
huidige PGS scenario vereis ‘n buigsame methodologie wat betrokkenheid met, en ‘n
kreatiewe respons tot, kwessies soos wat dit ontwikkel, moontlik maak. Gelei deur die Britse
Mediese Navorsingsraad se raamwerk vir die ontwikkeling en evaluering van ewekansige
gekontroleerde proewe vir komplekse gesondheidsintervensies (Mediese Navorsingsraad,
2000, bl.3), was hierdie studie binne die modelleringsfase geposisioneer. Professionele aksienavorsing
het ‘n gekoördineerde ondersoekgroep as die oorkoepelende metode - met die
normale siklusse van aksie, waarneming, reflektering en beplanning - gebruik. Altesaam vyf
mede-navorsers wat lede van die ondersoekgroep was, was betrokke in die implementering
van die protokol. ‘n Aantal tegnieke is gebruik om waar te neem en te reflekteer op ervarings,
insluitend deelnemersonderhoude, sleutel-informant onderhoude, fokusgroepe met
gesondheidsorgverskaffers by elke fasiliteit, kwantitatiewe data van die mediese verslae en
protokol, veldnotas en akademiese literatuur.
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An assessment of the extent of empowerment through community participation : a Kwazulu-Natal rural development comparisonGumbi, Themba Aaron Philemon 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to assess the extent of the relevance and success of the
empowerment model in facilitating and promoting rural development in South
Africa. The assumption was that through active participation communities are able
to gain control over their lives and are empowered to promote development
successfully.
In undertaking this study, the researcher initially reviewed literature on rural
development, and thereafter presented and discussed various development
methodologies used for realising community development, participation and
empowerment.
Three case studies selected for an indepth study were distinguishable as follows:
the first case that could be regarded as "finished and unsuccessful", the second one
that could be classified as "finished and successful", and the third one that could
be labelled as "new and ongoing" with respect to rural development projects in the
respective communities. A comparative analysis of the three case studies was
undertaken with the purpose of establishing the "success" and "failure" in the
projects designed to enhance community development and participation.
The study shows quite clearly that development projects do not operate in a
vacuum but are components of national, social and economic development policies, strategies and programmes for which governments often bear some
degree of final responsibility. The success of development projects depends to a
large extent on a number of issues, of which community participation and
empowerment are the most important. Unless the community actively identifies
itself with the project or at the least is involved from day one, in the decisionmaking
process of the proposed project, it will be very difficult, if not impossible
to achieve the project's developmental objectives.
On the basis of the empirical findings, it was revealed that the prerequisites for a
successful community development project depend on:
a) the encouragement of active involvement, community participation
and empowerment of communities for the purpose of enabling them to
meet their needs, problems and aspirations;
b) the completion in full of the cycle of the development methodology;
c) the identification and handling of obstacles in the development cycle
as the project unfolds to successful completion;
d) the promotion of a facilitative role with regard to capacity building
and skills transfer by development personnel; and
e) the development of capacity for communities to take control over
events influencing their lives (e.g. knowledge, skills, information,
networks and support structures to mention a few).
In conclusion, it is stressed that the development of people as individuals and as
collective groups was central to community development. In doing so, a shift
which placed heavy emphasis on resource management and service delivery to
capacity building and skills transfer has to take place in order to promote
development and social change, making communities progressively minded,
desirous of improving their living conditions and capable of doing so through
adopting a co-operative way of life for promoting group interests of the
community as a whole.
From the lessons learned in this study it was shown that the process of rural
development can be promoted in a successful manner through the empowerment
model which stresses community involvement and participation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsingsprojek was om vas te stel wat die omvang van
toepaslikheid en sukses van die bemagtigingsmodel is, in die fasilitering en
bevordering van plattelandse ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika. Die veronderstelling
was dat deur aktiewe deelname gemeenskappe in staat sal wees om beheer oor
hulle lewe te verkry, en bemagtig sal wees om ontwikkeling suksesvol te
promoveer.
Met die aanvang van die navorsing, het die navorser eerstens relevante literatuur
oor die plattelandse ontwikkeling nagegaan en daarna is verskeie
ontwikkelingsmetodes (nasionaal en internasionaal), wat gebruik word vir die
realisering van gemeenskapsontwikkeling, betrokkenheid en bemagtiging,
aangebied en bespreek.
Die drie gevallestudies wat gekies is vir die indiepte ondersoek, word as volg
onderskei: die eerste geval kan beskou word as "voltooid en onsuksesvol", die
tweede een kan geklassifiseer word as "voltooid en suksesvol", en die derde een
kan beskou word as "nuut en in proses" met verwysing na plattelandse
ontwikkelingsprojekte in onderskeie gemeenskappe. 'n Vergelykende analise van
bogenoemde gevallestudies is onderneem met die doelom die sukses en
mislukking van projekte wat ontwerp is om die gemeenskapsontwikkeling en
deelname vas te stel.
Dit is gevind dat ontwikkelingsprojekte nie in 'n lugleegte geskied nie, maar
komponente is van nasionale, sosiale en ekonomiese ontwikkelingsbeleid,
strategiee en programme waarvoor die regering meestal 'n mate van finale
verantwoordelikheid dra. Die sukses van ontwikkelingsprojekte hang tot 'n groot
mate af van 'n aantal kwessies, waarvan gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid en
bemagtiging waarskynlik die belangrikste is, tensy die gemeenskap aktief
identifiseer met die projek, of ten minste betrokke is van die begin af in die
besluitnemingsproses van die betrokke projek, sal dit baie moeilik indien nie
onmoontlik, wees om die projek se ontwikkelingstellings te bereik.
Die literatuuroorsig het getoon dat die gebruik van ingevoerde westerse norme,
standaarde, ontwerpe, regulasies, ens. In die fasilitering van
gemeenskapsontwikkeling, in die besonder in plattelandse gebiede, dikwels tot
gevolg het dat die projek vervreemding by die plaaslike omgewing veroorsaak. Vir
die sukses van die fasiliteringsproses, was vasgestel dat klem op die aanmoediging
van, betrokkenheid en deelname by die gebruikers van 'n gevestigde fasiliteit,
bekwaamheid oordra en die onderskraging van die projekte inisieer.
Op grond van die empiriese bevindings is vasgestel dat vereistes vir 'n suksesvolle
gemeenskapsontwikkelingsprojek afhang van:
a) die aanmoediging van aktiewe betrokkenheid,
gemeenskapsdeelname en bemagtiging van gemeenskappe ten einde hulle in staat te stelom hul behoeftes, probleme en aspirasies te
volvoer;
b) die voltooiing van die siklus van die ontwikelingsmetodologie;
c) die identifisering en hantering van slaggate in die
ontwikkelingsiklus soos die projek ontvou tot die suksesvolle
voltooiing daarvan;
d) die promovering van 'n raadgewende rol ten opsigte van die
kapsiteit uitbouing en bemagtigingsoorplasing by die ontwikkelingspersoneel;
en
e) die ontwikkeling van kapasiteit vir gemeenskappe om beheer uit
te oefen oor gebeure wat hul lewens beinvloed (bv. kennis,
bemagtiging, inligtingnetwerke en ondersteuningstrukture, om maar
'n paar te noem).
Ten slotte is beklemtoon dat sentraal tot gemeenskapsontwikkeling, die
ontwikkeling van mense as individue en as kollektiewe groepe is. Daardeur vind
'n groot klemverskuiwing plaas vanaf hulpbronbestuur en dienslewering tot
kapasiteituitbouing en bemagtigingsoorplasing. Dit moet plaasvind ten einde
ontwikkeling en sosiale verandering te promoveer en gemeenskappe in 'n
vooruitstrewende gesindheid te plaas, begeerte na verbeterde
lewensomstandighede, en die vaardigheid om dit te doen deur aanvaarding van 'n
gemeenskaplike lewenswyse, vir bevordering van die groepsbelange van die gemeenskap as 'n geheel.
Wat uit hierdie studie geleer is, bevestig dat deur die bemagtigingsmodel wat
gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid en deelname beklemtoon, landelike ontwikkeling wel
ontwikkeling suksesvol kan promoveer.
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Crossing social boundaries and dispersing social identity : tracing deaf networks from Cape TownHeap, Marion 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The conciliatory discourse of the South African Deaf social movement claims a
commonality across South Africa's historical divides on the basis of a 'Deaf culture'. This
claim in view of South Africa's deeply entrenched 'racial' divisions triggered this study.
The study investigates the construction of Deaf identity and emphasizes the crossing of
social boundaries in Cape Town, a society with a long history of discriminatory
boundaries based on race. The study was carried out among adults who became deaf
as children, the group for whom deafness, commonly viewed as both sensory and social
deficit, is said to pose considerable linguistic, social and cultural challenges. It focused
on strategies that deal with being deaf in a predominantly hearing world. To identify
strategies, for this population without a geographical base, the study traced networks of
social relationships.
Fieldwork was carried out from September 1995 to December 2001. Between
September 1995 and December 1997 research included systematic participant
observation and informal interviews. Between January 1998 and December 2001 ,
continuing with participant observation and informal interviews, the study added formal
interviews with a sample population of 94 deaf people across Cape Town, collected by
the snowball method. The profile of this sample shows a relatively heterogeneous
population on the basis of demographic factors and residential area but similarity on the
basis of first language, Sign.
The study demonstrates that history imposed boundaries. It categorized the Deaf as
different from the hearing and in addition, in South Africa, produced further differentiation
on the basis of apartheid category, age, Deaf school attended, method of education and
spoken language. In this historical context the study identified a key strategy, 'Signing
spaces'. A Signing space, identifiable on the basis of Sign-based communication, is a
set of networks that extends from the deaf individual to include deaf and hearing people.
On analysis it comprises a Sign-hear and a Sign-Q.e.gfspace. In Sign-~ networks,
hearing people predominate. Relationships are domestic and near neighbourhood. In Sign-~ networks, deaf people predominate. Relationships are sociable and marked
by familiarity.
The study found that via the Signing space, the Deaf subvert deafness as deficit to
recoup a social identity that is multi-faceted and dispersed across context. Boundaries
crossed also vary by context and by networks. Sign-~ networks address the hearing
boundary. Limits could be identified in the public arena, when barriers to communication
and a poor supply of professional Sign language interpreters again rendered deafness
as deficit. The boundaries of the Sign-deaf networks were difficult to determine and
suggest the potential, facilitated by Sign language, to transcend South Africa's spoken
languages and the related historical divisions. Sign-~ networks also suggest the
additional potential, in sociable contexts, to transcend spoken language, trans-nationally.
But mutual intelligibility of Sign language and the familiarity, communality and
commonality it offered did not deny an awareness of historical differentiation and
discrimination, as a case of leadership succession presented as a 'social drama' shows.
However, the process of the 'social drama' also demonstrates that conflict, crises, and a
discourse that reflects South Africa's historical divisions need not threaten a broader
commonality. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oorsteek van maatskaplike grense en verbreiding van maatskaplike identiteit:
die nagaan van netwerke vir Dowes van Kaapstad
Die bemiddelende diskoers van die Suid-Afrikaanse maatskaplike beweging vir Dowes
maak op grond van 'n 'Dowe kultuur' aanspraak op 'n algemeenheid wat oor Suid-Afrika
se geskiedkundige verdeeldhede heen strek. Hierdie aanspraak het, in die lig van Suid-
Afrika se diepgewortelde 'rasseverdelings' , tot hierdie navorsing aanleiding gegee. Die
navorsing ondersoek die vorming van 'n Dowe identiteit en beklemtoon die oorsteek van
maatskaplike grense in Kaapstad, 'n gemeenskap met 'n lang verlede van
diskriminerende grense wat op ras gebaseer is. Die navorsing is gedoen onder
volwassenes wat as kinders doof geword het. Vir hierdie groep, waar dit gewoonlik as 'n
sensoriese en sosiale gebrek beskou word, hou doofheid aansienlike linguistiese,
sosiale en kulturele uitdagings in. Die navorsing fokus op strategieë wat te make het
met doof wees in 'n oorheersend horende wêreld. Om vir hierdie bevolking sonder 'n
geografiese basis strategieë te identifiseer, het die navorsing maatskaplike
verhoudingsnetwerke nagegaan.
Veldwerk is tussen September 1995 en Desember 2001 gedoen. Tussen September
1995 en Desember 1997 het die navorsing stelselmatige waarneming van die
deelnemers en informele onderhoude met hulle behels. Hierdie waarneming en
informele onderhoude is tussen Januarie 1998 en Desember 2001 voortgesit, maar die
navorsing het nou ook formele onderhoude met 'n steekproefbevolking van 94 dowe
mense van regoor Kaapstad ingesluit. Hiervoor is van die sneeubalmetode gebruik
gemaak. Die profiel van hierdie steekproef toon 'n relatief heterogene bevolking op
grond van demografiese faktore en woongebied, maar ooreenkoms op grond van eerste
taal, naamlik Gebaretaal.
Die navorsing toon aan dat grense deur die geskiedenis opgelê is. Dit het Dowes as
verskillend van horendes gekategoriseer, en het daardeur in Suid-Afrika tot verdere
differensiasie op grond van die apartheidskategorie, ouderdom, watter doweskool
bygewoon is, wyse van onderrig en gesproke taal aanleiding gegee. In hierdie
geskiedkundige konteks het die navorsing 'n belangrike strategie, 'Gebare-ruimtes',
geïdentifiseer. 'n Gebare-ruimte wat uitgeken kan word op grond van Gebaar-gebaseerde kommunikasie, is 'n stel netwerke wat van die dowe individu af uitbrei om
dowe en horende mense in te sluit. Uit 'n analise blyk dit dat dit 'n Gebaar-horende en
Gebaar-dowe ruimte behels. In Gebaar-horende netwerke oorheers horende mense.
Verhoudinge word in die huis en met die naaste bure aangegaan. In Gebaar-dowe
netwerke oorheers dowe mense. Verhoudings is gesellig van aard en word deur
ongedwongenheid gekenmerk.
Die navorsing het bevind dat die Dowe doofheid as gebrek deur middel van die Gebaarruimte
omkeer om 'n veelvlakkige maatskaplike identiteit wat dwarsoor die konteks
versprei is, te behels. Grense wat oorgesteek word, varieer ook in konteks en ten
opsigte van netwerke. Gebaar-horende netwerke fokus op die horende grens.
Beperkinge kon in die openbare arena geïdentifiseer word in gevalle waar hindernisse
ten opsigte van kommunikasie en gebrekkige voorsiening van Gebaretaal-tolke weer
doofheid as 'n gebrek voorgestel het. Dit was moeilik om die grense van die Gebaar-
~ netwerke te bepaal en dit suggereer die potensiaalom, gefasiliteer deur
Gebaretaal, Suid-Afrikaanse tale en die gepaardgaande geskiedkundige verdelings te
transendeer. Gebaar-dowe netwerke suggereer ook die addisionele potensiaal om
gesproke taal, in gesellige kontekste trans-nasionaal te transendeer. Maar onderlinge
verstaanbaarheid van Gebaretaal en die ongedwongenheid, gemeenskaplikheid en
algemeenheid wat dit gebied het, het nie 'n bewustheid van geskiedkundige
differensiasie en diskriminasie ontken nie, soos 'n geval van opvolging van leierskap,
wat as 'n 'sosiale drama' aangebied is, getoon het. Die proses van die 'sosiale drama'
toon ook dat konflik, krisisse en 'n diskoers wat Suid-Afrika se geskiedkundige
verdelings weerspieël, nie 'n wyer algemeenheid hoef te bedreig nie.
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Poverty and dependency in Cape Town : a sociological study of 3,300 dependents receiving assistance from the Cape Town General Board of AidWagner, O. J. M. (Oloff Jacobus Marais),1904- January 1936 (has links)
Thesis (D. Phil.)--University of Stellenbosch, 1936. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming beskikbaar nie
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Local responses to a travelling model of crime prevention and crime management : community policing in Stellenbosch, South AfricaPfigu, Tinashe 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The mention of any form of crime in South Africa for the most part invokes fear of both an unknown or known perpetrator who may strike at any time and inflict harm to one’s body and property. Through ethnographic work that generated qualitative data, the study explores, interprets and analyses what community policing is in practice from three selected localities: Die Boord, Kayamandi and Kylemore in the Stellenbosch Municipality of the Western Cape. This is illustrated throughout the thesis by the descriptions and analysis of processes, ideas and performances of community policing from the local level. Therefore, the important issues the thesis brings out centre on how people define and perform community policing and their perceptions of it.
In light of the above statements, how people understood community policing and how they created local sensibilities about community policing as a response to crime informs the discussion and analysis in the thesis. In the process, I bring out what informed people’s perceptions of community policing, how people talked about crime or conceived of security. In so doing, the study aims to use local examples to reveal the at times muted and ignored responses to not only community policing, but also to broader issues around crime prevention and crime management policy and practice.
Moreover, the thesis illustrates the numerous ways in which local experiences and constructions of crime shape the practice of community policing. Through the use of ethnography, the study analyses the notion of security in terms of local perspectives, local history and local security needs. The study further explores the relevance of the ‘racialised’ and class experiences of crime and security, as well as social divisions of age and gender in order to understand the differences in perceptions and reactions to community policing at the local level.
The notions of the ‘travelling model’ and ‘translation’ provide theoretical constructs to examine how community policing is conceived of in policy at the national and provincial levels in South Africa and the links with the constant changes in the international discourse of crime prevention and crime management. The thesis concludes by illuminating the complexities involved in reforms to crime prevention and crime management in South Africa in response to changing patterns of crime and to criminals who have become ever bolder in their endeavours. In the process, the thesis offers a critique of and sheds light on, to what extent the realities of crime and its related problems in South Africa inform the re-reading of community policing and broader issues around crime prevention and crime management. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die noem van enige vorm van misdaad in Suid-Afrika roep ’n vrees van beide ’n onbekende of bekende oortreder op wat op enige oomblik kan toeslaan en skade aan ’n mens se liggaam en eiendom kan aanrig. Deur die gebruik van etnografiese werk wat kwalitatiewe data opgelewer het, verken, interpreter en analiseer hierdie studie die praktyk van gemeenskapspolisiëring in drie geselekteerde woonbuurte: Die Boord, Kayamandi en Kylemore in die Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit van die Wes-Kaap. Dit word in die proefskrif geïllustreer deur die beskrywings en analise van prosesse, idees en opvoerings van gemeenskapspolisiëring op die plaaslike vlak. Die belangrike kwessies wat die proefskrif dus na vore bring, sentreer rondom mense se definisies van gemeenskapspolisiëring, hoe hulle dit opvoer en hul persepsies daarvan.
Die bespreking en analise in die tesis word, in die lig van die bogenoemde stellings, ingelig deur hoe mense gemeenskapspolisiëring verstaan en hoe hulle plaaslike denkbeelde oor gemeenskapspolisiëring as ’n antwoord op misdaad geskep het. Ek bring in hierdie proses na vore wat mense se persepsies van gemeenskapspolisiëring ingelig het, sowel as die manier waarop mense oor misdaad gepraat het of oor sekuriteit gedink het. Die studie probeer om op hierdie wyse plaaslike voorbeelde te gebruik om die somtyds onderdrukte en geïgnoreerde reaksies, nie slegs op gemeenskapspolisiëring nie, maar ook op wyer kwessies rondom misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur, in beleid en praktyk, te onthul.
Die tesis illustreer verder die verskeie maniere waarop plaaslike ervarings en konstruksies van misdaad die praktyk van gemeenskapspolisiëring vorm. Deur die gebruik van etnografie analiseer die studie die begrip sekuriteit in terme van plaaslike perspektiewe, plaaslike geskiedenis en plaaslike sekuriteitsbehoeftes. Die studie verken verder die relevansie van ’rasiale’ en klaservarings van misdaad en sekuriteit, sowel as sosiale verdelings van ouderdom en geslag om sodoende die verskille in persepsies en reaksies op gemeenskapspolisiëring op die plaaslike vlak te verstaan.
Die opvattings rondom die ‘reisende model’ en ’vertaling’ bied teoretiese konstrukte om ondersoek in te stel na hoe gemeenskapspolisiëring in beleid op nasionale en provinsiale vlakke in Suid-Afrika verstaan word en die skakels met konstante veranderings in die internasionale diskoers oor misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur. Die tesis sluit af deur die kompleksiteite wat by misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur in Suid-Afrika betrokke is, te belig, in antwoord op veranderende patrone van misdaad en op misdadigers wat steeds meer vrypostig geword het. In die proses bied die tesis ’n kritiese blik op en belig dit die mate waartoe die realiteite van misdaad en verwante probleme in Suid-Afrika die herlees van gemeenskapspolisiëring, sowel as wyer kwessies rondom misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur, inlig.
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Churches as providers of HIV/AIDS care : a normative and empirical studyFerreira, Clive J. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is, as yet, no cure for HIV/AIDS, a disease that has affected South African
society profoundly. While antiretrovirals (ARVs) are now available and have
stemmed the tide of AIDS deaths, medicines alone cannot be seen as a long-term
solution. Treatment costs, finite resources, limited health-care capacity, morbidity and
the unpleasant side-effects of ARVs, make treatment an untenable solution.
The Christian church in South Africa continues to retain a powerful position; it has a
significant affiliation; it is present in most geographic areas and inspires trust and
confidence. Furthermore, in my view, the church, by its very nature and calling, is
mandated not only to demonstrate and provide care, but also to inspire care-giving.
In the light of HIV/AIDS, what does care mean? Can it only mean rendering care that
is welfarist in nature? Or does the church have the mandate to look beyond immediate
suffering, to examine and address those issues that lie at the core of suffering?
Research has demonstrated that issues such as poverty, injustice, stigma,
discrimination, gender inequality and patriarchy fuel the pandemic. Ultimately, it is
the “othering” of people; the failure not to recognise God in another person and our
common humanity, that lie at the heart of the problem. These then, I suggest, are the
very reasons why the church must address these areas.
But that is not all: if HIV/AIDS care is to be rendered in a developmental way, then
there must be a thorough understanding of the disease: how is the virus transmitted,
how can it be prevented and treated? It is also important to understand that there is not
a single global epidemic but many local epidemics; the determinants and risk-factors
of these need to be recognised, as must the cultural, economic, political and social
contexts that fuel the spread of the disease. The changing nature of society, the effects
of globalisation, the evolving nature of care owing to biomedical advances and even
the “privatisation” of sex all need to be comprehended. Furthermore, any meaningful rendering of care requires the churches to examine why
they should be giving it and the values that underpin such care-giving. I make the case
that the churches are required to do nothing less than drive social change in situations
of suffering, injustice and abuse. An examination of the history of HIV/AIDS in
South Africa illustrates that the churches have often failed to meet up to this calling. An empirical study was conducted as to how the churches render care at a more
micro, grassroots level, using a framework propounded by David Korten, who
suggests that authentic development must be people-centred, rather than growthcentred.
Essentially, development must seek to increase personal and institutional
capacities, guided by principles of justice, sustainability and inclusiveness. In these
respects, I argue, it accords very strongly with the Christian message. Korten suggests
that there are four orientations (or generations) of rendering help but it is only the
fourth generation that is truly developmental.
Through the use of case study methodology, I sought to examine the manner in which
the churches render care, in a region of the Western Cape, outside Cape Town, known
as the Helderberg Basin. The area is representative of many peri-urban areas in the
Cape: it is predominantly Christian, with a mix of different denominations and racial
and socio-economic groupings. It allowed for an assessment of care initiatives
afforded by mainline, charismatic and African Independent Churches and in
particular, sought to answer the question of whether churches engage with HIV/AIDS
in a way that Korten would identify as developmental.
From the research, it is clear that the church is hampered by its inability to talk of sex
and sexuality; its knowledge of the issues surrounding HIV/AIDS is limited; it has not
done a sufficient amount to conscientise its followers; the church has yet to learn to
utilise its networks; it lacks technical know-how and is unwilling to engage in the
political sphere.
Social change is only possible if the church embraces a new vision of how to create a
better world. Additionally, I recommend that the church looks to the emerging church
movement to achieve radical transformation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV/VIGS is ‘n siekte wat Suid-Afrika onmeetbaar beїnvloed en waarvoor daar tot
op hede geen genesing is nie. Antiretrovirale middels (ARVs) is weliswaar beskikbaar
en het die gety van VIGS sterftes gestuit maar medisyne kan nie alleen as die
langtermyn oplossing gesien word nie. Behandelingskoste, beperkte hulpbronne en
vermoë om gesondheidsorg te lewer, morbiditeit en die negatiewe newe-effekte van
ARVs bring mee dat slegs mediese behandeling ‘n onhoudbare oplossing is.
Die Christelike kerk in Suid-Afrika behou steeds ‘n magsposisie; dit het ‘n
beduidende lidmaatskap asook ‘n teenwoordigheid in meeste dele van die land en
boesem vertroue en sekerheid in. Dié kerk is na my mening gemandateer deur haar
besondere aard en roeping om nie alleen sorg te bewys en te voorsien nie maar ook
om versorging aan te moedig.
Maar wat beteken sorg, gegewe die aard van MIV/VIGS? Kan dit slegs die lewering
van welsyngerigte sorg beteken? Of sou die kerk die mandaat hê om verder as
onmiddellike lyding te kyk en ondersoekend die kwessies wat aan die wortel van
lyding lê, aan te spreek? Navorsing het aangetoon dat kwessies soos armoede, onreg,
stigma, diskriminasie, geslagsongelykheid en patriargie die epidemie aanvuur.
Uiteindelik is dit die objektivering (“othering”) van mense - dit is die onvermoë om
God nie in ‘n ander persoon en ons gemeenskaplike mensheid te herken nie - wat die
hart van die probleem is. Ek betoog dat hierdie die redes is waarom die kerk hierdie
kwessies moet aanspreek.
Om ondersoek in te stel of en tot watter mate die kerk sorg verskaf in verband met
MIV/VIGS het ek die raamwerk van David Korten gebruik. Dié raamwerk stel voor
dat outentieke ontwikkeling mensgesentreerd eerder as groeigesentreed sal wees.
Ontwikkeling moet essensieel streef na ‘n toename van persoonlike en institusionele
vermoë, gerig deur beginsels van geregtigheid, volhoubaarheid en inklusiwiteit. Ek
toon aan dat hierdie beginsels baie sterk ooreenkom met die Christelike boodskap.
Korten stel vier hulplewerende oriëntasies (ook genoem generasies) voor maar dit is
eintlik slegs die vierde generasie van hulp wat werklik ontwikkelingsgerig is. Maar dit is nie al nie. Indien MIV/VIGS versorging ontwikkelingsgerig gaan wees,
moet dit gegrond wees op ‘n diepgaande verstaan en kennis van die siekte soos onder andere, hoe die virus versprei word en hoe die siekte voorkóm en behandel kan word?
Dit is ook belangrik om te verstaan dat daar nie slegs ‘n enkele globale epidemie is
nie maar verskeie lokale epidemies. Die veroorsakende en risiko faktore van hierdie
epidemies moet daarom geїdentifiseer word en so ook die kulturele, ekonomiese,
politieke en sosiale konteks wat die verspreiding van hierdie siekte aanhelp. Die
veranderende aard van gemeenskappe, die effek van globalisering, die ontwikkelende
aard van gesondheidsorg vanweë die vooruitgang in die mediese wetenskap en die
“privatisering” van seks moet alles in ag geneem word.
Betekenisvolle versorging vereis dat kerke ondersoek instel na waarom die versorging
aangebied word en die waardes onderliggend daaraan. Ek stel die saak dat daar van
kerke verwag word om sosiale verandering te stuur waar mense swaarkry,
onregverdig behandel en misbruik word. ‘n Ondersoek na die geskiedenis van
MIV/VIGS in Suid-Afrika illustreer dat kerke dikwels misluk het om aan hierdie
roeping gehoor te gee.
In opvolging van die bostaande argumente het ek navorsing uitgevoer oor hoe kerke
sorg op ‘n mikro of voetsool-vlak aanbied. Hiervoor het ek die genoemde mensgesentreerde
ontwikkelingsraamwerk van David Korten gebruik. ‘n Gevalstudie
benadering is gevolg in die Helderbergkom wat geleë is in ‘n streek van Wes-
Kaapland buite Kaapstad. Hierdie gebied is verteenwoordigend van baie
buitestedelike gebiede van die Kaap: dit is oorwegend Christelik en sluit ‘n
verskeidenheid van denominasies, rasse en sosio-ekonomiese groeperings in. Die
gebied maak ‘n oorsig moontlik van die sorg-inisiatiewe van hoofstroom,
charismatiese en Afrika onafhanklike Kerke, en in die besonder van ‘n identifikasie
daarvan of kerke betrokke by MIV/VIGS dit doen op ‘n wyse wat Korten sou tipeer
as ontwikkelingsgerig. Uit hierdie navorsing het dit duidelik geword dat die kerk gekniehalter word deur ‘n
onvermoë om oor seks en seksualiteit te praat; die kerk se kennis beperk is wanneer
dit kom by kwessies wat handel oor MIV/VIGS; dit nie genoeg doen om lidmate
bewus te maak van VIGS kwessies nie; dit nog veel te leer het oor hoe om netwerke
aan te wend; dit tegniese kennis kort en onwillig is om met sake van politieke belang
om te gaan. Sosiale verandering is alleen moontlik indien die kerk ‘n nuwe visie voorhou oor hoe
om ‘n beter wêreld te skep. Ek beveel ten slotte aan dat die kerk let op die ontluikende
kerkbeweging om radikale transformasie te verwesenlik.
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Theory-based evaluation, logic modelling and the experience of SA non-governmental organisationsWildschut, Lauren Patricia 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examined the origins and development of theory-based evaluation (TBE) and the logic models associated with this approach. This was done in order to better understand the roots and evolution of these models which are currently used by donor agencies both nationally and internationally. It was found that logic models, which are used for both project management and evaluation, had their origins in a range of domains including management, education and curriculum design from as early as 1909. Early evaluators from the education, training and health sectors as well as contextual factors such as the professionalization of evaluation and an ever- increasing demand for accountability contributed significantly to the development of both TBE and its associated models.
A systematic review of a large sample of logic models and logical frameworks was conducted in order to bring some order and clarity to the plethora of models facing stakeholders in the field of evaluation. It was discovered that four key types of logic models and two key types of logframes face developers and users of models but that the "branding" of donors of their particular demand for accountability, obscures this fact. In order to understand the experience of South African Non-Governmental Organisations when engaging with donors and their demands for accountability a survey was carried out of those organisations which were utilising a specialised form of planning tool. The findings of this study show that South African donors, like their international counterparts, mainly use the models associated with TBE to obtain standardised and focused evidence of results from projects albeit with a distinct scepticism about the actual necessity of some of the donor requirements. Most Non-Governmental Organisations view the donor requirements, such as the logic model and logical framework, as necessary in the funding relationship despite indicating that they find the models inflexible.
The study not only makes a contribution to an under-researched area in programme evaluation, it also provides insights into an under-researched area of the South African Non-Governmental sector. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om 'n in-diepte begrip van die ontwikkeling van logika modelle ("logic models") en logika raamwerke ("logical framework") te ontwikkel ten einde die ervarings van Suid-Afrikaans nie-regeringsorganisasies met donateurs beter te begryp. In besonder was die doel om vas te stel hoe sodanige organisasies die vereistes rondom projekbeplanning, monitering, evaluasie en rapportering ervaar. Die studie het gevind dat die oorspronge van hierdie modelle, wat beide vir projekbestuur en evaluasie gebruik word, te vinde is in verskeie areas insluit bestuur, opvoedkunde and kurrikulumontwerp. Die eerste generasie evalueerders in opvoedkunde, opleiding en gesondheid sowel as kontekstuele faktore soos die professionalisering van evaluasie en die immer-toenemende vereistes van rekenpligtigheid het alles beduidend bygedra tot die ontwikkeling van logika modelle.
'n Sistematiese oorsig en ontleding van 'n beduidende steekproef van logika modelle en raamwerke is uitgevoer ten einde meer helderheid en sistematiek te kry in 'n domein waar daar uiteenlopende benaderings en modelle is. Daar is gevind dat vier sleuteltipes logika modelle en twee sleuteltipes logika raamwerke deur die meeste organisasies gebruik word maar dat verskillende befondsingsagentskappe en organisasies hul eie betekenis en inhoud aan hul logika modelle gee. Ten einde die ervarings van Suid-Afrikaanse nie-regerings organisasies te begryp is 'n opname uitgestuur aan alle organisasies wat hierdie raamwerke gebruik. Die resultate van die opname wys dat Suid-Afrikaanse befondsagentskappe, soos hulle internasionele vennote, veral modelle gebruik wat geasosieer is met teorie-gebaseerde evaluasie ten einde gestandaardiseerde en gefokusde getuienis van projektesultate te genereer. Die meerderheid Suid-Afrikaanse nie-regeringsorganisasies aanvaar die vereistes van donateurs alhoewel hierdie "aanvaarding" gepaardgaan met 'n duidelike skeptisisme oor die absolute noodsaaklikheid van somige van hierdie vereistes. Die meerderheid organisasies beskou donateur vereistes, veral wat betref die logika model en die logika raamwerk, as noodsaaklik binne die konteks van die befondsingsverhouding ten spyte van persepsies dat sodanige modelle some uiters rigied kan wees.
Die studies maak 'n bydrae, nie alleen in area in programevaluasie waar daar weinig navorsing is nie, maar dit bied ook insig in die gedrag en persepsies van die Suid-Afrikaanse nie-regeringsektor wat programevaluasie praktyke betref.
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The dynamics of Francophone African migration to Cape Town after 1994Lekogo, Rodolf E. 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DPhil (Sociology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate a group of Francophone African migrants in
Cape Town during the decade following the end of the apartheid era. The focus of the
thesis, however, is on the reasons why French-speaking Africans leave their countries of
origin, the reasons for coming to South Africa, and finally the reasons why within South
Africa, they decide to settle in Cape Town, with a particular accent put on the integration
of these migrants into the local society. The thesis considers legal migrants, students,
refugees and extra-legals as the four categories of migrants according to theoretical
frameworks.
A brief overview of selected theories of international migration is considered to provide a
framework for the Francophone African migration to Cape Town. The theoretical causes
of Francophone African migration are viewed through both theories on the initiation of
migration and theories of the perpetuation of migration. Apart from the theoretical
synopsis, the data on which this study is based are derived from both qualitative and
quantitative methodological approaches. Alongside secondary sources, a series of
interviews, based on categories of migrants and gender, were conducted in Cape Town,
Johannesburg and Pretoria in South Africa, as well as in Libreville in Gabon. In-depth
interviews and focus-groups aimed at collecting information concerning the three main
questions of the study.
The reasons for the departure of Francophone Africans from their countries of origin are
complex and mainly depend on the categories of migrants. As far as legal migrants and
students are concerned, economic, political, social and academic paralysis, career
prospects and the desire to pursue studies are the main reasons. As for refugees and extralegals,
armed conflicts, environmental catastrophes, economic and social deterioration
and social capital seem to be the main causes. Since 1994, South Africa has claimed a
strong leadership role on the continent because of its economic and political strengths.
Educational infrastructure, the language factor and social capital are also reasons why
migrants choose South Africa as a host country. The settlement in Cape Town depends
on various factors, including the consideration of the city as first choice, safety concerns
in other South African cities, the inability to settle in other cities, particularly
Johannesburg, and social networks.
French language seems to be a common language identity linking various ethnic groups
residing in Francophone Africa. However, once migrants have established themselves in
Cape Town, their ethnic, religious or political identities prevail. The thesis analyses the
settlement of migrants in Cape Town by pointing out the complexities of migrant life in a
case study of each category considered. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis het ten doel om ‘n groep Franssprekende Afrika migrante in Kaapstad, in
die dekade wat direk op die einde van die apartheidsera gevolg het, te ondersoek. Die
tesis fokus op die redes waarom Franssprekende Afrikane hulle land van oorsprong
verlaat, die redes waarom hulle na Suid-Afrika kom en, laastens, die redes waarom hulle
in Suid-Afrika besluit om in Kaapstad te bly – die klem is spesifiek op die integrasie van
die migrante binne die plaaslike gemeenskap. Na aanleiding van die teoretiese raamwerke
wat vir die studie oorweeg word, neem die tesis wettige migrante, studente, vlugtelinge
en onwettige migrante as die vier kategorieë van migrante, in ag.
’n Bondige oorsig van uitgesoekte teorieë vir internasionale migrasie word as raamwerk
vir die Franssprekende Afrikane se migrasie na Kaapstad oorweeg. Die teoretiese oorsake
vir Franssprekende Afrikane se migrasie word deur beide die teorieë vir die inisiasie vir
migrasie en die teorieë vir die bestendiging vir migrasie beoordeel. Naas die teoretiese
sinopsis, word die data waarop hierdie studie gebaseer is, van beide kwalitatiewe en
kwantitatiewe metodologiese benaderinge afgelei. Aanvullend tot die sekondêre bronne,
is daar ook ‘n reeks onderhoude, gebaseer op kategorieë van migrante en geslag, in
Kaapstad, Johannesburg en Pretoria in Suid-Afrika asook in Libreville in Gabon, gevoer
– in diepte onderhoude en fokusgroepe met die doel om inligting rakende die drie
hoofkwessies van die studie in te win.
Die redes vir die emigrasie van Franssprekende Afrikane uit hulle oorsprongsland is
kompleks en hang grotendeels saam met die kategorieë van migrante. Wat die wettige
migrante en studente aanbetref is ekonomiese, politieke, sosiale en akademiese
magteloosheid, loopbaan vooruitsigte en die begeerte vir die nastreef van studies, die
hoofredes. Vir vlugtelinge en onwettige migrante blyk die hoofoorsake dié van
gewapende konflik, natuurrampe, ekonomiese en sosiale agteruitgang en sosiale kapitaal
te wees. Sedert 1994, het Suid-Afrika, weens haar ekonomiese en politieke vermoëns, ’n sterk leierskapsrol op die kontinent uitgeoefen. Opvoedkundige infrastrukture, die
taalkwessie en sosiale kapitaal is nog redes waarom migrante Suid-Afrika as gasheerland
uitsonder. Vestiging in Kaapstad hang van verskeie redes af, insluitende die inagneming
van die stad as eerste keuse, veiligheidsaspekte in ander Suid-Afrikaanse stede en die
onvermoë om in ander stede gevestig te word. Die klem in hierdie verband rus veral op
Johannesburg en sosiale netwerke. Frans as taal skyn ‘n algemene identiteit te wees wat verskeie etniese groepe in Franssprekende Afrika met mekaar verbind. Tog is dit hulle etniese, godsdienstige en politieke identiteit wat gehandhaaf word sodra migrante hulself in Kaapstad gevestig het. Die tesis analiseer ook die vestiging van migrante in Kaapstad deur die kompleksiteite binne die leeftydsmigrasie van ’n gevallestudie vir elke kategorie in ag te neem.
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Craft and poverty alleviation in South Africa : an impact assessment of Phumani Paper : a multi-site craft-based poverty alleviation programmeCohn, Taryn Claire 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The cultural industries have been identified by the South African government as
having significant potential to generate employment and hence alleviate the wide
spread poverty suffered by many in the country. They have invested in the
cultural industries with a view to developing SMMEs that have the potential to
generate sustainable livelihoods. Craft, in particular is seen as an ideal vehicle
through which poverty alleviation can take place, due to the combination of low
technology requirements with high levels of manual labour.
This study looks at one such multi-site craft-based poverty alleviation
programme, Phumani Paper, and assesses the impact that it has had on the
poverty of its participants (so far). Drawing on relevant theory “poverty” is defined
as a deficiency with regard to three aspects of people’s lives: income, “human
development” and capacity building.
The results of the study indicate that the program did contribute to human
development, but that income generation was less successful. In this regard
success seems to depend on conditions at three levels of a programme: the
programme management, the project model and the individual participants.
Strategic intervention on these three levels will ensure that the impact of craft on
poverty is more effective. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kulturele nywerhede is deur die Suid-Afrikaanse regering geïdentifiseer as ‘n
potensiële bron van werkskepping om te help om wydverspreide armoede in die
land aan te spreek. Die regering het op kulturele terrein belê in klein- en medium
sakeondernemings met die hoop dat hulle kan bydra tot die skepping van
volhoubare bestaansgeleenthede. Kunsvlyt word as ‘n ideale roete tot armoede
verligting gesien a.g.v. die kombinasie van lae tegnologie vereistes en intensiewe
handearbeid.
Die studie kyk na een sodanige kunsvlyt-gebaseerde programme vir armoedeverligting,
nl. Phumani Paper, en meet die impak wat dit (tot dusver) op die
armoede van diegene gehad het wat aan die program deelneem. Gebasseer op
relevante teorie word “armoede” in hierdie studie gedefinieer as 'n gebrek op drie
terreine van mense se lewens: inkomste, “menslike ontwikkeling” en
kapasiteitsbou.
Die resultate van die studie toon aan dat die program bygedra het tot menslike
ontwikkeling, maar dat die skepping van inkomste minder suksesvol was. Sukses
in hierdie verband blyk af te hang van kondisies op drie vlakke van 'n program:
die programbestuur, die projek-model en die individuele deelnemers. Strategiese
intervensie op hierdie drie vlakke sal verseker dat die impak van kunsvlyt op
armoede meer effektief is.
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"Acts of disclosing" : an enthnographic investigation of HIV/AIDS disclosure grounded in the experiences of those living with HIV/AIDS accessing Paarl Hospice House seeking treatmentLe Roux, Rhonddie 10 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Paarl, in the Western Cape, has been identified as one of the 15 national sites where
antiretroviral treatment (ARVs) would be made available to people living with
HIV/AIDS. Paarl Hospice initiated a support group for people to deal with this
disease in 2003.
Since February 2004 Paarl Hospice has been recruiting people from the surrounding
informal settlements for ARVs. By means of participant observation I explored how
HIV/AIDS-related disclosure experiences unfolded in places, spaces and events
associated with the support group in the context of factors enabling and preventing
people from accessing Hospice House. I did this by considering the insights drawn
from an anthropological approach. I found the meanings of disclosure in the majority
of studies to be limited and restricted. Available studies approached disclosure in a
top-down fashion by regarding the definition of disclosure as the announcement of
HIV-positivity at the time of diagnosis only. These studies have not considered social
differences relating to disclosure neither did they focus on the actual process of
disclosure.
By means of a constructivist approach to grounded theory I seek to broaden the
definition of disclosure to account for the range of ways in which disclosure practices
take place. I found that disclosure could not be separated from the situational context
in which it occurs and that it can only be understood in relation to the circumstances
and relationships in which it takes place. In this study, disclosure was an ongoing
process, situated somewhere between active, public announcement of an HIV-status
and complete secrecy and somewhere between voluntary and involuntary revealing of
the disease. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Paarl in die Wes-Kaap is geïdentifiseer as een van die 15 nasionale areas waar
antiretrovirale medikasie beskikbaar gestel sou word aan mense wat leef met
MIV/VIGS. Paarl Hospice het gedurende 2003 ʼn ondersteuningsgroep geїnisieer om
aan MIV/VIGS aandag te gee.
Sedert Februarie 2004 is Paarl Hospice in die proses om mense te werf uit die
omliggende informele behuisingsgebiede vir antiretrovirale behandeling. Met behulp
van antropologiese insigte en deelnemende waarneming kon ek nagaan hoe
verskillende maniere van MIV/VIGS-verwante bekendmaking ontvou in plekke,
ruimtes en gebeurtenisse wat verband hou met die ondersteuningsgroep. MIV/VIGSverwante
bekendmaking is ondersoek te midde van inhiberende en fasiliterende
faktore wat mense verhoed of aanhelp om Paarl Hospice te besoek. Ek het bevind dat
die definisie van bekendmaking in die meeste navorsing gebrekkig is. Beskikbare
navorsing het bekendmaking volgens ‘n bo-na-onder-wyse benader as die openbare
bekendmaking van ‘n MIV-status na afloop van diagnose alleenlik. Met behulp van
‘n konstruktiewe benadering van die begronde teorie het ek gepoog om die definisie
van bekendmaking uit te bou om sodoende die verskeidenheid maniere waarop
bekendmaking plaasvind te akkommodeer. Ek het vasgestel dat bekendmaking
onlosmaakbaar deel is van die situasionele konteks waarin dit plaasvind en dat dit
slegs begryp kan word in verband tot die verhoudings en omstandighede waarin dit
plaasvind. In hierdie studie was bekendmaking ʼn voortdurende proses, gesitueer
tussen aktiewe openbare bekendmaking en volledige geheimhouding van ʼn MIVstatus,
asook tussen volkome vrywillige en onvrywillige bekendmaking van ʼn MIVstatus.
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