Non-point source pollution is not generated from any single source, rather can arise from a mixture of agricultural, residential, and industrial activities. As a result of these activities millions of tons of chemicals enter into aquatic environments annually with the potential to disrupt the fragile ecosystems existing within. Common anthropogenic compounds most frequently seen in estuarine environments include pesticides, antifoulants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and industrial solvents. This dissertation examines the acute toxicity and sub-lethal effects of diuron, CuPT, B(a)P, and styrene in the mud snail, Ilyanassa obsoleta, the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, and/or the barnacle, Amphibalanus (= Balanus) amphitrite. In addition, the general effects of non-point source pollution within the Rachel Carson Estuarine Research Reserve (RCERR) were examined at six sites in order to gain a better understanding of the current health of this unique habitat. Of the four compounds tested, only the industrial solvent, styrene, resulted in an LC50 (1341 µg L-1, I. obsoleta) that was within the range of currently reported environmental levels. Diuron and CuPT did not elicit mortality at environmentally relevant concentrations, but did significantly reduce fecundity in I. obsoleta and C. virginica and fertilization success and larval development in L. variegatus. The only notable sub-lethal effect elicited by the PAH, benzo(a)pyrene, was a significant decrease in egg capsule production by I. obsoleta following exposure to concentrations as low as 50 µg L-1. Within the RCERR, animals from Sites 4, 5, and 6 were observed to have significant differences with respect to fecundity, condition index, and/or ECOD activity when compared to conspecific organisms from control Site 1. This is most likely a consequence of their proximity to anthropogenic sources. Large variation in mortality (15-98.9%) was observed when families of A. amphitrite from a single population where exposed to CuPT. It is often difficult to extrapolate data from laboratory findings into natural populations. Frequently the organisms used under laboratory conditions are genetically very similar, while field population can vary with anthropogenic exposure. Caution must be taken when developing protocols for risk assessment to ensure that actual environmental conditions are being represented. / Dissertation

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:09:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 egea_tc_me_sjrp.pdf: 1427713 bytes, checksum: d8f2e425f18704f4f7828a1c94ad86de (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Para o setor industrial, o isolamento e identificação de microrganismos com habilidade em produzir biocatalisadores é de grande importância para a apresentação de novas fontes de enzimas ao mercado. O isolamento é uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas na seleção de microrganismos, proporcionando o levantamento de espécies capazes de metabolizar compostos químicos potencialmente tóxicos, sendo essenciais na biorremediação, pois atuam como medida mitigadora para os problemas decorrentes do uso irracional de agrotóxicos. Neste trabalho, foram isoladas 75 linhagens fúngicas de solo de plantação de cana de açúcar, por diferentes fontes de carbono, em diferentes épocas do cultivo e em duas áreas de coleta – solo com e sem a queima da palha – para o estudo do potencial de produção enzimática e de degradação do herbicida diuron. Dentre os isolados, encontrou-se 10 gêneros diferentes, sendo a maioria referente ao gênero Trichoderma (40%), seguido de Fusarium (15%), Cunninghamella (13%) e Aspergillus (12%). Da quantidade total de fungos isolados, 56% foram oriundos do solo de queimada e 44% do solo sem queima. Os gêneros Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Fusarium e Trichoderma foram os gêneros encontrados em todos os meios de isolamento, como também os mais constantes, sendo os dois últimos, os únicos a serem encontrados em todas as coletas. Os isolados foram submetidos à fermentação do estado sólido, contendo bagaço de cana e farelo de trigo como substratos, para estudo da produção de xilanase, CMCase e lacase. A atividade das enzimas pelos isolados fermentados foi bastante variada, com produção de xilanase atingindo valores máximos de 64,0 U/mL (Aspergillus) e 63,7 U/mL (Aspergillus), a produção de CMCase foi de 5,5 U/mL (Fusarium) e 4,2 U/mL (Aspergillus) e lacase de 0,50 U/mL (Verticillium) e 0,27 U/mL (Fusarium). Dos 74 isolados, 23 foram... / The isolation and identification of microorganisms with ability to produce biocatalysts is a great method for the presentation of new sources of enzymes to the industry. Isolation is one of the most used tools in the selection of microorganisms, providing a survey of species able to metabolize potentially toxic chemical compounds In this study, 75 fungal strains were isolated from soil of plant sugar cane from different carbon sources, at different times of cultivation and collecting in two areas - soil with and without straw burning - to study the enzyme activity and degradation of the herbicide diuron. Among the isolates, were found 10 different genres, mostly related to the genus Trichoderma (40%), followed by Fusarium (15%), Cunninghamella (13%) and Aspergillus (12%). Of the total isolates, 56% came from the soil of burned and 44% of the ground without burning. The genera Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Fusarium and Trichoderma were the genera found in all media of isolation, and the last two were the only ones to be found in all samples. The isolates were subjected to solid-state fermentation, containing sugar cane bagasse and wheat bran as substrates to study the production of xylanase, CMCase and laccase. The activity of enzymes by the fungus fermentation was quite varied, with xylanase production reached maximum values of 64.0 U/mL (Aspergillus) and 63.7 U/mL (Aspergillus), the production of CMCase was 5.5 U/mL (Fusarium) and 4.2 U/mL (Aspergillus) and laccase from 0.50 U/mL (Verticillium) and 0.27 U/mL (Fusarium). Of the 74 isolates, 23 were selected for verification of the potential degradation of the herbicide diuron. All selected microorganisms showed higher degradation of the herbicide in question, and the genus Aspergillus had the most promising degradation (47.7% for peak product and 67.1 per concentration) in the period studied

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 grassi_tf_dr_botfm.pdf: 2406422 bytes, checksum: 14575fe8c9692ee11119e80270b7322f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Not available.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-17T15:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-12. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-09-17T15:47:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000846941_20170112.pdf: 163516 bytes, checksum: 4ce30a0fdeac06cfebbb8131e5403824 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-01-13T11:40:16Z: 000846941_20170112.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-01-13T11:40:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000846941.pdf: 1511151 bytes, checksum: 290ab0e91f305496c3e95ec8ec96174e (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Bioprospectar microrganismos a partir de ambiente impactado por xenobiótico e expô- los a um contaminante alvo, sob condições controladas, proporciona um estudo detalhado da capacidade microbiana local em se adaptar, sobreviver e remediar o ambiente. A proposta do presente trabalho foi isolar bactérias com potencial em degradar o herbicida diuron de solo com histórico de cinco anos de aplicação desse herbicida, sendo o meio de isolamento composto por glicose (controle) e diuron (meio indutor), separadamente, como fonte de carbono. Foram isoladas 400 bactérias, sendo 68% gram-positivas e 32% gram-negativas. A maioria dos isolados mostrou potencial em degradar entre 10 a 30% do herbicida em cinco dias de cultivo em meio líquido, entretanto bactérias dos gêneros Stenotrophomonas e Bacillus foram capazes de degradar 87% e 68%, respectivamente. Variações no meio de cultivo mostraram a importância da presença de fonte de carbono mais facilmente assimilável para o desenvolvimento da habilidade bacteriana em degradar o diuron. Células bacterianas imobilizadas em alginato-Ca não apresentaram aumento relevante na taxa de degradação de diuron. Entretanto, técnicas de microcosmos (solo) mostraram-se eficientes no aumento do potencial de degradação do herbicida. Condições de consórcio microbiano na presença de bactérias e fungos foram os ensaios que apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de degradação do herbicida diuron, tanto no cultivo de células em meio líquido, imobilizadas e microcosmo. A degradação do herbicida diuron pelas bactérias isoladas permitiu o estudo da via de degradação da molécula original no ambiente, destacando a formação dos metabólitos DCPMU, DCPU, 3,4-DCA, 3,4- CAC, 4-CA, 4-CAC e Anilina. O conjunto de dados obtidos neste trabalho sugere fortemente que as bactérias presentes em solos impactados com diuron possuem o potencial em degradar o herbicida, entretan / Bioprospection of microorganisms from impacted environment by xenobiotic and expose them to a target contaminant, under controlled conditions, provides a detailed study of the local microbial ability to adapt, survive and remediate the environment. The purpose of this study was to isolate bacteria with potential to degrade the diuron herbicide from soil with a diuron historical application of five years. The isolation media were composed by glucose (control) and diuron (inductor means) separately as a carbon source. A number of 400 bacteria were isolated, and they were classified as 68% gram-positive and 32% gram-negative. Most isolates showed potential to degrade diuron from 10 to 30%, into five days ofcultivation in liquid medium, however bacteria of the genera Stenotrophomonas and Bacillus were able to degrade 87% and 68%, respectively. Variations in the culture medium showed the importance of the presence of a carbon source easily assimilated to improve the bacteria development and ability to degrade diuron. Bacterial cells immobilized in Ca-alginate showed no significant increase in the rate ofdiuron degradation. However, microcosms techniques (soil) were effective in increasing the herbicidal degradation potential. Microbial consortium conditions in the presence of bacteria and fungi presented the highest herbicide diuron degradation percentages in liquid cultivation, cell immobilized and microcosm. The degradation of the herbicide diuron by bacteria allowed the degradation pathway of the parent molecule in the environment, highlighting the formation ofmetabolites DCPMU, DCPU, 3,4-DCA, 3,4-CAC, 4-CA, 4-CAC and aniline. The results obtained from this study strongly suggests that the bacteria present in soil impacted with diuron have the potential to degrade the herbicide, however completely mineralization is provided by the action of local microbial population.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000789911.pdf: 4430961 bytes, checksum: a8d7b6bf4c33af337660ca64c4555cba (MD5) / Diuron is a substituted urea herbicide, carcinogenic to the rat urinary bladder at high dietary levels (2500 ppm). Different scanning electron microscopy (SEM) processing methods resulted in differing observations of early urothelial changes induced by exposure to this herbicide. This study evaluated the influence of SEM processing methods on the detection of urothelial alterations induced by diuron. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (basal diet), 7.1% Sodium Saccharin (NaS) (positive control) and 2500 ppm diuron, and fed for 7 days or 15 weeks. Urinary bladders were fixed with Bouin’s or glutaraldehyde fixative and processed by critical point drying (CPD) or by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for comparison of the cytotoxic and proliferative changes induced by diuron in the urothelium. Histological and cell proliferation evaluations were also performed. After seven days, no differences in the incidence of histological urothelial lesions or labeling indices were detected among the groups; however, the incidence of urothelial lesions after 15 weeks was significantly increased in the animals fed diuron or NaS. After seven days or 15 weeks, the severity of urothelial alterations was significantly higher in animals fed with diuron. Both fixative and drying methods allowed for the identification of prenecrotic swollen superficial cells in the urothelium after seven days exposure to 2500 ppm diuron. Our results confirmed that the presence of prenecrotic swollen cells in the urothelium is an early key event due to diuron cytotoxicity and is not an artifact related to the processing methods used

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-03Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000791226.pdf: 1902973 bytes, checksum: 9927a38cc35b88c72a4837a5f9faedd4 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A utilização do praguicida Diuron na agricultura e a sua metabolização no ambiente em compostos potencialmente tóxicos pode comprometer a saúde dos ecossistemas aquáticos e de organismos não alvo ali presentes. O objetivo principal deste estudo avaliou se os metabólitos 3-(3,4-diclorofenil)-3-metilureia (DCPMU), o 3,4-diclorofenilureia (DCPU) e o 3,4- dicloroanilina (DCA) gerados a partir da biotransformação do diuron, geram mais ou menos efeitos que o próprio diuron em parâmetros genotóxicos e bioquímicos em peixes Astyanax sp. Foram realizados testes de toxicidade com o diuron e os metabólitos a fim de obter a CL50 de cada composto. Foi visto que o diuron e o DCA possuem semelhante toxicidade a lambaris, uma vez que seus valores de CL50 foram muito próximos (0,75 e 0,89 mg/L, respectivamente). O valor de CL50 para o DCPMU foi duas vezes maior (1,42 mg/L) e para o DCPU foi de três vezes maior que a do diuron (>3,0 mg/L), o que indica ser o metabólito de menor potencial tóxico. A partir do valor de CL50, realizou-se a exposição dos lambaris a concentrações subletais (CL1= 0,015 mg/L e CL10=0,15 mg/L do diuron) por dois e sete dias para avaliar os parâmetros bioquímicos e genotóxicos desses compostos. A genotoxicidade foi avaliada pelo método do cometa e foi visto que a metabolização do diuron não minimiza os efeitos genotóxicos em lambaris uma vez que os metabólitos DCA, DCPMU e DCPU são capazes de causar lesões no DNA dos peixes. Parâmetros bioquímicos foram avaliados pela medida da atividade de enzimas de biotransformação (EROD e GST), de defesa antioxidante (SOD, GPx e CAT) e ocorrência de peroxidação lipídica (MDA). A atividade da EROD aumentou pela exposição dos lambaris aos três metabólitos em brânquias e fígados. A GST foi inibida pela exposição ao DCA, nas brânquias e pela exposição ao DCPMU e DCPU em brânquias e fígado. A atividade da GST aumentou no fígado de lambaris expostos ao ... / Diuron is a pesticide used in the agriculture and its transformation in potential toxic compounds can be harmful to aquatic ecosystem and animals. This work had as main objective discover if the metabolites 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-methylurea (DCPMU), 3,4- dichlorofhenylurea (DCPU) and 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) produced in the diuron degradation may cause more or less effects than the pesticide in genotoxic and biochemistry parameters in fish. Toxicity tests were performed with the diuron and its metabolites to obtain the LC50. We observed that the diuron and the DCA have similar toxicity to fish observed by the low values of LC50. The DCPMU LC50 is twice higher and DCPU is three times higher than diuron and DCA. It indicating that these metabolites can be less toxic than the others compounds. From LC50 values, fish exposures were performed at LC1 (0.015 mg/L) and LC10 (0.15 mg/L) of diuron concentration by two and seven days. The genotoxicity was measured by comet assay and we observed that the degradation of diuron increase the genotoxic effects, whereas the DCA, DCPMU and DCPU are able to promote DNA damage. Biochemistry parameters were measured by analysis of biotransformation enzymes (EROD and GST), antioxidant defenses (SOD, GPx and CAT) and lipid peroxidation (MDA). EROD activity is increased after all metabolites exposure in both tissues. GST activity is inhibited after DCA gill exposure and DCPMU and DCPU gill and liver exposures. GST activity also is increased after DCA exposure in liver. SOD is induced in all metabolites treatment and GPx to DCPMU and DCPU exposure. CAT activity is increased after DCA exposure and it is inhibited after DCPMU and DCPU exposures in both tissues. CAT is also inhibited after diuron exposure in the liver. The exposure of diuron and its three main metabolites can change biochemistry parameters indicators of oxidative stress in Astyanax sp. in the conditions tested in this study. In general, the ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 domingues_a_me_botfm.pdf: 594143 bytes, checksum: 583e125c7a9e0c3c3a4f6516dabc6d61 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Escassas informações são encontradas na literatura a respeito do potencial imunotóxico do Diuron, um herbicida derivado da uréia, utilizado no Brasil e no mundo nas lavouras de café, cana-de-açúcar, algodão, abacaxi, citros, alfafa e trigo. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a toxicidade do Diuron sobre o sistema imunológico. Para isso, foram avaliados parâmetros gerais de toxicidade, bioquímicos, hematológicos, histopatologia de órgãos linfohematopoiéticos e fenotipagem de linfócitos T CD4, T CD8 e B de ratos Wistar machos. Foram utilizados dois protocolos experimentais: I - toxicidade aguda (28 dias) e II - toxicidade subcrônica (90 dias) sendo os animais expostos ao Diuron por via oral (adicionado à ração), nas concentrações de 125, 1250 e 2500 ppm. A exposição ao Diuron resultou em diminuição do ganho de peso corpóreo médio nos grupos 1250 e 2500 ppm aos 28 e 90 dias acompanhada pela redução do consumo de ração. O peso relativo do baço e dos rins foi maior nas três concentrações de Diuron aos 28 dias, e apenas em 2500 ppm, aos 90 dias. O peso relativo do fígado foi maior em 1250 e 2500 ppm aos 28 dias e apenas em 2500 ppm aos 90 dias. Aos 28 dias, os níveis de albumina e proteína total foram maiores nos três grupos expostos e os níveis de creatinina e uréia aumentaram apenas no grupo 2500 ppm. A análise histológica revelou que o Diuron, especialmente na maior concentração levou à depleção de polpa branca no baço, associada a redução do número de linfócitos T CD4+ e aumento de hematopoiese extramedular, deposição de hemosiderina e hiperplasia eritróide na polpa vermelha. Não foram observadas alterações hematológicas importantes. Com relação à análise fenotípica das subpopulações de linfócitos, observamos uma redução de células CD4+... / Few information is available regarding immunotoxic potential of Diuron, a phenylurea herbicide widely used in Brazil and around the world on sugar cane, cotton, coffee, pineapple, citros, alfafa and wheat crops.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of Diuron in the immune system. General parameters of toxicity were evaluated and biochemistry, hematology, histologic aspects of lymphohematopoietic organs and CD4+, CD8+ and CD45RA+ splenic lymphocytes subpopulations of male Wistar rats. Two experimental protocols were used: I Acute toxicity (28 days) and II Sub-Chronic toxicity (90 days) and the animals were treated with 125 ppm, 1250 ppm and 2500 ppm of Diuron by feeding. The experimental groups treated with Diuron at 1250 ppm and 250o ppm, showed decreased body weight gain after 28 and 90 days of treatment, corresponding with the reduced food intake. The relative weight of the spleen and kidneys were higher at the three concentrations in the end of 28 days, and only at 2500 ppm after 90 days. The relative weight of the liver was higher at 1250 ppm and 2500 ppm to the 28 days, and only at 2500 ppm to the 90 days of treatment. After 28 days, the albumin and total protein serum levels were higher at the three treated groups and the creatine and urea higher only at 2500 ppm of Diuron. The treatment with Diuron at higher doses causes the depletion of the lymphoid white pulp and increases the hemosiderin deposition in the red pulp. We didn't observed significant hematological alterations between the treated and control groups. Regarding fenotipic analysis of splenic lymphocytes, it was observed a decrease in CD4+ subpopulations at 1250 ppm and 2500 ppm in the end of 28 days, and only at 2500 ppm after 90 days of treatment compared with the control groups values. Concluding, Diuron had a systemic toxic effect and also on lymphohematopoietic organs.

Resumo

Submitted by BIANCA CAMARGO PENTEADO SALES null (bianca.cp.sales@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-21T17:42:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bianca C P Sales dissertação.pdf: 2161210 bytes, checksum: 81d8c087a65ae9b8745ff11c63af3b96 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-03-22T14:23:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sales_bcp_me_bot.pdf: 2161210 bytes, checksum: 81d8c087a65ae9b8745ff11c63af3b96 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-22T14:23:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sales_bcp_me_bot.pdf: 2161210 bytes, checksum: 81d8c087a65ae9b8745ff11c63af3b96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Ratos Wistar expostos por dois anos ao diuron (3-(3,4-diclorofenil)-1,1-dimetilureia) produto técnico (PT) à 2500ppm pela ração desenvolveram alta incidência de tumores uroteliais, sendo esse herbicida classificado pela U.S. Environmental Protection Agency como "provável cancerígeno para o homem''. Durante a última década, nosso laboratório tem realizado estudos sobre a toxicidade urotelial do diuron PT fornecido pela ração a ratos Wistar machos. Porém, o diuron na forma de produto formulado (PF) ou comercial, composto por 50% de diuron PT e 50% de ingredientes inertes, não tem sido avaliado em ratos. Em lagartos P. sicula machos expostos ao diuron PF à 50% na concentração de 1100ppm na ração ou na água de beber, durante 3 semanas, houve toxicidade direta no sistema reprodutivo com alteração na espermatogênese, morfologia do epidídimo e diminuição dos níveis plasmáticos dos hormônios sexuais, sendo os efeitos mais severos nos grupos que receberam diuron na água de beber. O presente estudo objetivou comparar o potencial tóxico do diuron PF ou PT à 1250ppm oferecido pela ração ou água de beber no urotélio e nos parâmetros reprodutivos de ratos. Cinquenta ratos Wistar machos de seis semanas de idade foram distribuídos em cinco grupos (ração basal, ração com PF, água de beber com PF, ração com PT, água potável com PT) e expostos ao diuron à 1250ppm por 13 semanas. Na eutanásia foram avaliados a morfologia, concentração, motilidade e viabilidade dos espermatozoides. Os rins, fígado, baço, testículos e epidídimos foram retirados e pesados; os rins e testículos processados para histologia. A bexiga foi seccionada ao meio e processada para análise histológica e para microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Todos os grupos expostos ao diuron tiveram diminuição do peso corpóreo superior a 10%, comparados ao controle, indicando que a máxima dose tolerada (MDT) foi excedida. O consumo de ração e de água foi menor em todos os grupos expostos ao diuron. Não houve diferença nos pesos absolutos e relativos de órgãos entre os grupos. Em todos os grupos expostos ao diuron, os achados microscópicos incluíram hiperplasia urotelial simples (HS) na pelve renal e na bexiga à MEV. Diuron PF e PT induziram alterações na morfologia do esperma e diminuição da motilidade, concentração e viabilidade dos espermatozoides. Esse estudo mostrou que o diuron é nocivo ao urotélio e aos parâmetros reprodutivos de ratos Wistar machos, independentemente de estar na forma técnica (PT) ou formulada (PF) ou se administrado pela ração ou pela água de beber. / Wistar rats exposed during two years to 2500ppm dietary diuron technical product (TP) (3-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) developed high incidence of urothelial tumors, being classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as a ‘‘known/likely human carcinogen’’. During the last decades our laboratory conducted studies on the urothelial toxicity of the diuron (TP) provided through diet to male Wistar rats. The diuron formulated product (FP) composed by 50% diuron TP and 50% inert ingredients, has not been evaluated in rats. The diuron (FP) was harmful to reproductive system of male P. sicula lizards exposed to 1100ppm during 3 weeks; the toxic effects were more prominent in the groups receiving diuron FP in drinking water. This study aimed to compare the potential toxicity of diuron TP or FP 1250ppm offered through diet or drinking water on the urothelium and reproductive parameters of rats. Fifty six-week old Wistar male rats were allocated to five groups (basal diet, FP diet, FP drinking water, TP diet, TP drinking water) and exposed to 1250ppm diuron for 13 weeks. At the end, body weight and weight of kidneys, liver, spleen, testes and epididymis, histopathology of the kidneys and testes and sperm parameters were evaluated. Urinary bladders were bisected and processed for histologic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses. At the end of the study, all groups exposed to diuron had decreased body weight gain compared to control greater than 10%, indicating that for this experiment the dose exceeded the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Food and drinking water consumption was lower in the groups exposed to diuron. There were no differences in the absolute and relative organ weights among the groups. In all groups exposed to diuron, microscopic findings included simple urothelial hyperplasia (SH) in the kidney pelvis and in the urinary bladder. By SEM, the urinary bladder had superficial cytotoxicity in all groups exposed to diuron. Diuron FP and TP induced changes in the sperm morphology and concentration, and decreased sperm motility and viability. This study showed that diuron FP as well as diuron TP is harmful to the urothelium and to the reproductive parameters of male Wistar rats, regardless of whether in a diet or drinking water.