I begin by examining Moore's notion of common sense because it is my contention that his work is not neatly separated; rather, his ethical and non-ethical philosophy have common sense as an underlying theme. For Moore, common sense was not reducible to indubitable, cracker-barrel wisdom; it is popularized science, what would be a matter of common sense if we were to take the trouble to learn. Moore's allegiance to science is the cord that connects his ethical and non-ethical work. In Principia Ethica, he attempts to introduce the spirit of scientific investigation into ethics. The 'naturalistic fallacy', to which special attention is given, is shown to be a guide to avoiding the error of essentialism, that is, of presuming that there is a unique good-making property or quality, common to all good things. Essentialism is rejected because it leads away from the open investigation characteristic of science, toward dogmatism. From this perspective, several popular criticisms of Moore's ethics are shown to be misguided. In the last chapter, an interpretation of Moore's non-naturalism based on my understanding of the naturalistic fallacy is given, that is quite different from the one most commonly accepted. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

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The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of the theories of selective perception and selective exposure among ethnic minority viewers of the satirical, ethnic humor of the television program, "All in the Family." This study statistically related the Dogmatism Scale responses to selected program opinions among Jewish and non-Jewish high school students. The results of this survey were inconclusive. None of the hypotheses presented were supported by the evidence of the study; however, unexpected data were found that suggests previously unexplored interpretations of the program.

Abstrakt Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda hur miniminivån, genom tidig markering av vissa företeelser som icke-vetenskapliga, kan bereda mark för en fullständig (eller åtminstone mer fullständig) lösning på demarkationsproblemet. I uppsatsen redogörs huvudsakligen för begreppet miniminivån samt ett förslag till ett kriterium som krävs för att uppnå miniminivån, nämligen kriteriet för taktisk skepticism. Miniminivån utgör ett nödvändigt villkor för att en företeelse ska klassas som vetenskap. Innan en företeelse kan mätas mot kriterier bortom miniminivån, som tillsammans med kriterierna på miniminivån utgör ett tillräckligt villkor, måste miniminivåns kriterier uppfyllas. Detta kombinerar en monokriteriell ansats tydlighet med den flexibilitet som multikriteriella ansatser/ klusteransatser innehar genom dessas större mängd kriterier. ”Vetenskap” definieras i uppsatsen som bredare än det engelska ”science” som i vanliga fall motsvarar naturvetenskaperna. Ett allvarligt argument mot miniminivån är att det finns en risk att alla rimliga vetenskaps- kriterier är lika lämpliga att ha där. Skulle detta vara fallet har miniminivån bara lyckats göra frågan onödigt komplex. Därför formuleras ett krav och två desiderata som ställs på förslag som utgår från Karl Popper, Imre Lakatos, Thomas S. Kuhn och Mario Bunge. Utifrån Mario Bunges resonemang formuleras kriteriet för taktisk skepticism som exkluderar förekomster av radikal dogmatism och radikal skepticism. Detta kriterium bedöms vara lämpligast av kandidaterna. En form av  kreationism utvärderas utifrån kriteriet för taktisk skepticism, och bedöms ej uppfylla kriteriet. Vid en korrekt förståelse av miniminivån försvagas förtroendet för den sortens kreationism kraftigt med avseende på dess roll som kunskapsförmedlare. Det tidigare nämnda motargumentet bedöms därmed vara bemött. Det konstateras att miniminivån har potential att tjäna ett praktiskt syfte både före och efter jakten på en lösning på demarkationsproblemet.

This study is an investigation of the general questions Is there a relationship or interaction between a subject's dogmatism score (as measured by the Dogmatism Scale) and his self-rating of the perceived stereotypical masculinity-femininity dimension (as measured by the abridged Mf scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)?

This research sought to find if a significant relationship existed between a factor of personality, authoritarianism, as measured on the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale, and perceived effectiveness of teaching as measured by ratings on the Purdue Rating Scale for Instruction.

The problem of this study was to investigate the relationship between the degree of authoritarianism expressed by pre-service secondary science teachers and the ways in which they spent their instructional time. This study was conducted on all students enrolled in the secondary science instructional methods course at a large North Texas area university for the fall semester of 1972 and the spring semester of 1973. The total population for the study was 55 students. To aid in resolution of the problem three purposes were formulated. The first purpose was to determine whether authoritarianism expressed by prospective science teachers was related to the ways they spent their instructional time. The second purpose was to determine if the authoritarianism expressed by prospective science teachers was related to their use of an indirect teaching style. The third purpose was to provide feedback to the prospective science teachers on the ways they spent their instructional time. It was concluded that teachers who were very authoritarian asked fewer questions and a different type of question than someone of lesser authoritarianism. The authoritarian asked questions that could be answered with a short answer such as yes or no, while the lesser authoritarian asked questions that allow the student to have more freedom in his response. Further studies of this type should focus on the teaching of questioning techniques to extreme authoritarians to establish whether they might learn to use divergent questions to teach science indirectly.

A presente pesquisa objetiva identificar a natureza jurídica do instituto do consentimento do ofendido para o direito penal brasileiro atual, evidenciando o papel da vítima. Para tanto, inicia-se a pesquisa com uma análise sobre o ofendido, estabelecendo sua evolução histórica, seu conceito atual, bem como os conceitos de vitimologia e vitimodogmática. Logo, aborda-se o consentimento propriamente dito, determinando seu histórico, seu conceito, seu objeto (bem jurídico disponível), seus requisitos e diferenças em relação à autocolocação da vítima em risco. Em seguida, verifica-se o estado atual da questão da natureza jurídica do consentimento. Parte-se da legislação brasileira e do entendimento doutrinário atual. Em razão da predominância do entendimento pela causa de justificação, os fundamentos histórico dogmáticos do conceito material de antijuridicidade são verificados. Ainda no campo da análise da natureza jurídica, fundamental a análise da questão da tipicidade (formal e substancial) pressuposto da antijuridicidade. Assim, analisa-se o consentimento do ofendido como causa de exclusão da tipicidade material. Tendo em vista a teoria unitária, busca-se afastar a diferenciação entre o consentimento e o acordo. Na sequência, trata-se do direito comparado. Assim, torna-se possível a análise do consentimento do ofendido no direito penal brasileiro, tendo em vista a legislação penal em vigor. / This paper aims to identify the legal institute of the need for the offended persons consent for the current Brazilian criminal law, highlighting the role of the victim. To this effect, the study begins with an analysis of victims rights, establishing their historical evolution, the current concept, as well as the concepts of victimology and victim dogmatism (a branch that studies the behavior of crime victims and their contribution to the occurrence of the event, as well as the repercussion of that participation on setting the penalty imposed on the perpetrator). Then it examines consent itself, determining its history, concept, object (alienable rights), the requirements and differences in relation to the victims self-exposure to risk. Next it describes the current state of the legal nature of the consent question based on Brazilian legislation and the interpretation of legal scholars. Because of the predominant position regarding cause for justification, dogmatic historical foundations of the material concept of material illegality are addressed. Still in the field of the legal nature, it is fundamental to analyze the question of classification of the crime (formal and substantive), which is a presupposition for illegality. Therefore, consent of the offended person is analyzed as cause to exclude the classification of the act as a crime. Based on unitary theory, I argue against the distinction between consent and concurrence. Finally, the matter is examined from the perspective of comparative law, to analyze the issue of victims consent in current Brazilian criminal law.

<p>Vissa människor har mer bestämda åsikter eller radikala övertygelser än andra. Den här studien belyser om fenomenet skiljer sig mellan olika grupper och om det har att göra med personlighet. Totalt 90 personer ur grupperna kristna, kriminella och en kontrollgrupp undersöktes avseende dogmatism och Big Five teorins personlighetsfaktorer. En one-way ANOVA visade att gruppen kriminella var signifikant mer dogmatiska än kontrollgruppen och tenderade att vara mer dogmatiska än kristna personer. En regressionsanalys visade att Big Five teorins personlighetsfaktorer predicerar dogmatism och att känslomässig instabilitet (N) är den enda signifikanta prediktorn med störst vikt. Utbildningsnivå kombinerat med känslomässig instabilitet (N) visades öka prediktionen av dogmatism och utbildningsnivå hade den största prediktionsbetydelsen. En one-way ANOVA relaterade låg utbildningsnivå till dogmatism. Motsatt tidigare forskning hittades även höga värden av vänlighet för gruppen kriminella.</p>

Vissa människor har mer bestämda åsikter eller radikala övertygelser än andra. Den här studien belyser om fenomenet skiljer sig mellan olika grupper och om det har att göra med personlighet. Totalt 90 personer ur grupperna kristna, kriminella och en kontrollgrupp undersöktes avseende dogmatism och Big Five teorins personlighetsfaktorer. En one-way ANOVA visade att gruppen kriminella var signifikant mer dogmatiska än kontrollgruppen och tenderade att vara mer dogmatiska än kristna personer. En regressionsanalys visade att Big Five teorins personlighetsfaktorer predicerar dogmatism och att känslomässig instabilitet (N) är den enda signifikanta prediktorn med störst vikt. Utbildningsnivå kombinerat med känslomässig instabilitet (N) visades öka prediktionen av dogmatism och utbildningsnivå hade den största prediktionsbetydelsen. En one-way ANOVA relaterade låg utbildningsnivå till dogmatism. Motsatt tidigare forskning hittades även höga värden av vänlighet för gruppen kriminella.