Trade between the United States and Africa decreased 32% from US$125 billion, in 2011, to US$85 billion, in 2013; however, MNCs from other regions have continued to increase investments in Africa. Multinational corporations (MNCs) generate most of their return on investment (ROI) from the Western world. Globalization, increasing middle classes in emerging markets, and decreasing population in the Western world have lead to unsustainable ROI. Nigeria, the most populous and largest economy in Africa and the 27th largest economy in the world, offers new opportunities with an annual growth rate forecast of 6% to 8%. Utilizing the diamond theory of competitive advantage of nations, this single case study was an exploration of the strategies that managers of MNCs have used to optimize Nigeria's higher ROI. Interview questions on new entry challenges, operational obstacles, and strategies to mitigate the challenges contributed to answering the overarching research question related to the strategies that managers of MNCs have used successfully to take advantage of Nigeria's high ROI. The participants were 5 executives at the Nigerian operation of a global technology conglomerate with presence in 166 countries. Data collection included a series of semistructured face-to-face interviews. Data analysis using modified van Kaam method resulted in 5 themes: business environment, effective entry strategies, challenges in Nigeria, mitigating challenges in Nigeria, and volatility of Nigerian market and mitigation strategies. Findings may contribute to ROI optimization and influence social change by providing more jobs, thereby increasing standard of living in Nigeria.

This business plan will reveal the scalable business model that BizAbroad Xpress has devised, namely, by creating an online platform that brings together, on the demand side, entities that simply want to start a business (such as register a new company) in a foreign jurisdiction without the hassles that are traditionally associated with the processes involved, and, on the supply side, the carefully vetted top tier business service providers (such as lawyers) that desire to increase the number of their high value international customers. This business plan includes details on how the BizAbroad Xpress method is appealing enough to make the aforementioned entities and service providers to want to switch from the traditional ways of service engagement and provision to the BizAbroad Xpress way, as well as how this new way possesses sufficient competitive advantage to acts as a challenging barrier of entry to other potential competitors in the business service category.

The goal of this thesis is a description of accounting and tax environment for individuals doing business in the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. It provides readers information on the obligations that are applied to entrepreneurs while starting business activities, informs about the regulation of accounting and tax records in the Czech Republic in comparison with how are accounting and tax records regulated in the Federal Republic of Germany. The thesis also focuses on bookkeeping in accordance with Czech and German accounting regulations and as well on tax issues for individual entrepreneurs. The thesis then presents on a specific case the biggest differences for accounting and tax records in both chosen countries.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of conditions for establishing a company in the European Union. This work defines basic business terms and discusses the historical development of the business environment and conditions for establishing a company in the territory of today's European Union. Surveys the legal forms of businesses and analyzes the procedure of founding a company in Czech Republic, in selected EU member states and in the European Union. It deals with taxes and the impact of the tax policy on the establishment of companies. The work identifies and evaluates the criteria which determine conditions for starting up a business and their development in time. It compares the results of the EU member states and based on the analyzed data helps to decide whether it is better and for what kind of a company to establish a company in Czech Republic or in another country in EU.

No description available.

This thesis describes a business plan in an international environment. The work includes analysis of the international environment which an entrepreneur wants to enter, some risks to handle with, possibilities of entering foreign markets and options for types of a business entity. And the main part of the thesis presents a business plan.

隨著新興國家金融管制的鬆綁，國際間銀行業併購的標的已逐漸由美國、歐洲等已開發國家延伸至拉丁美洲、東南亞等新興國家。本論文以事件研究法對2005年到2014年，已開發國家銀行跨國併購新興國家金融產業的併購活動，共49個樣本進行分析，藉由迴歸分析的結果去觀察目標國家的經商環境對於併購績效的影響。 本研究的立論在於，過去文獻表示銀行跨國併購的主要動機之一為追隨客戶，而如今許多銀行的客戶為了降低勞動成本，紛紛前往新興國家設廠，而新興國家相較於已開發國家的其中一個特點為，其經商環境尚未發展健全，不如已開發國家穩定，故目標國的經商環境好壞很可能是影響主併銀行客戶決定是否進入或擴大投資的因素，進而成為影響主併銀行跨國併購的成敗因素之一。 而本論文的結果可分為三個層級。第一層是各別經商環境指標對主併銀行宣告效果的影響；第二層逐漸收斂為企業創立、企業擴建與企業經營三組指標對主併銀行宣告效果的影響；第三層則收斂為綜合性經商環境指標對主併銀行宣告效果的影響。在第一層級中發現：目標國家開辦企業程序的便利簡潔度、取得信貸的流程明確度與能否有效執行合約等排名，在事件窗口(-1,+1)呈現顯著負相關，亦即此三項經商環境指標排名越高（數字越小）對主併銀行的宣告效果有正面影響。在第二層級中則觀察到企業擴建層面的指標對主併銀行宣告效果的解釋力是最大的、其次是企業創立，最後為企業經營。在第三層面中發現收斂後的綜合經商環境指標確實對銀行的宣告效果1%的顯著水準，亦即當主併銀行選擇經商環境較佳的目標國家進行跨國併購時，市場的反應會較為正面。 / Prompted by financial liberalization and the expansion into emerging market economies (EME) by corporate customers, international banks increasingly penetrated EME. This research uses 49 cross-border M&A samples between 2005 and 2014 in which the acquiring banks is in developed countries and the targets is the financial industry of emerging countries. Using event study methods, the study establish whether the business environment of target countries explain returns to shareholders in acquiring banks from cross-border M&A. From the past study, we observe that one of the main motivations for the banks to cross-border M&A is following customers to new markets. Recently, in order to reduce labor costs, the customers of bank have more FDI in emerging countries. However, the feature of emerging countries is that the business environment is not as stable and clear as the developed countries. Therefore, the business environment will affect the customers of banks decide whether to enter or expand investment in EME and further affect the acquiring banks. The results of this research can be divided into three levels. (1) in the individual business environment indicators level, the study find when the target countries are easier starting a business, getting credit or enforcing contracts, the CAR of acquiring banks will significant negative in event window (-1, +1); (2) in the group of business environment indicators level, the study observe the explanatory power of the business expansion group is larger than the group of start-up and operations; (3) the composite business environment indicator have significant negative affect to the CAR of acquiring banks.

The unemployment is an important economic as well as social problem which has a negative influence on not only the unemployed and their family but also our society. The society is trying to face up to the unemployment through a lot of ways. Measures of the active politics of employment are one of the possibilities of an increase in the employment rate. One of the tools of the active politics of employment is a contribution toward the creation of a socially efficient self-employment job. The purpose of this thesis was to conduct a survey of problems of the tools of the active politics of employment related to a support of beginning entrepreneurs. The first partial aim was to analyse the beginning entrepreneurs supported by these tools in South Bohemia. The second partial aim was to get a feedback from the beginning entrepreneurs supported by these tools of the active politics of employment in the Pisek District in the years 2007 through 2011 about how this support from the Employment Office helped them at the start of a business. The research part first included a secondary analysis of data related to the provision of the contribution toward the creation of the socially efficient self-employment job in South Bohemia. Then the data from the respondents who had received the given contribution were gathered through the qualitative research. The research included 11 participants who concluded a contract concerning the support given to the beginning entrepreneurs in the Pisek District after 2007. The findings result in the fact that some unemployed people can assert themselves at the market only if they start a business. All respondents agreed that this contribution had helped them at the start of their business even though the amount had not been large enough for many of them. The findings of the thesis bring information on the contribution toward the creation of the socially efficient self-employment job and the analysis of the information within South Bohemia. The findings can become a base for other researches related to the tools of the active politics of employment and they can also be used as a feedback for the Employment Office of the Czech Republic.

Submitted by Francisco Soares Bianchi (francisco.bianchi@gmail.com) on 2018-10-31T14:47:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WCLOF_ TA_MPGC_Francisco Soares Bianchi_20181025_com_ficha_catalografica.pdf: 1012788 bytes, checksum: c60e0c9c6bf13a1fb94f02363d455009 (MD5) / Rejected by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Francisco, Recebemos seu trabalho na biblioteca digital, mas será necessário efetuar alguns ajustes que encaminharei por e-mail. Por favor, faça as alterações e submeta novamente o trabalho na biblioteca digital. Atenciosamente Simone on 2018-10-31T20:39:06Z (GMT) / Submitted by Francisco Soares Bianchi (francisco.bianchi@gmail.com) on 2018-11-02T18:41:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WCLOF_ TA_MPGC_Francisco Soares Bianchi_20181025_com_ficha_catalografica.pdf: 1018750 bytes, checksum: ad80fbb76fea674ff9d1f1a5132bbe5d (MD5) / Rejected by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br), reason: Boa Tarde Francisco, Ainda há duas alterações necessárias: 1º Traduzir a palavra Data da aprovação. 2º Resumo precisa estar em folha separada. Por favor, faça as alterações e submeta o trabalho novamente na biblioteca digital. Atenciosamente, Simone on 2018-11-05T16:26:13Z (GMT) / Submitted by Francisco Soares Bianchi (francisco.bianchi@gmail.com) on 2018-11-05T20:09:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WCLOF_ TA_MPGC_Francisco Soares Bianchi_20181025_com_ficha_catalografica.pdf: 1017500 bytes, checksum: 3467f9f9a3cf66b21bc9868994b203d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-11-06T16:29:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 WCLOF_ TA_MPGC_Francisco Soares Bianchi_20181025_com_ficha_catalografica.pdf: 1017500 bytes, checksum: 3467f9f9a3cf66b21bc9868994b203d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-11-07T12:09:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 WCLOF_ TA_MPGC_Francisco Soares Bianchi_20181025_com_ficha_catalografica.pdf: 1017500 bytes, checksum: 3467f9f9a3cf66b21bc9868994b203d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T12:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WCLOF_ TA_MPGC_Francisco Soares Bianchi_20181025_com_ficha_catalografica.pdf: 1017500 bytes, checksum: 3467f9f9a3cf66b21bc9868994b203d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-25 / Purpose: To provide propositions regarding how juxtaposing two well-known and established theories might impact the way firms venture when entering into new international markets. Design/Methodology/Approach: Building on exploratory and inductive research and on multiple cases and on work in related disciplines and on 18 field interviews with managers and C-level executives in diverse functions and organizations. Findings: Provide empirical support from interviews on the case studies to corroborate with the three propositions and compare amongst the observed practices what could be done differently to mitigate WCLOF (Working Capital Liability of Foreignness). The first proposition is presented regarding how the Liability of Foreignness (LOF) plays a role when international firms are managing their Working Capital (WC) of a subunit in a host market, using six qualitative case studies from three international players and three local competitors; the second proposition is related to if firms overcome LOF over time when, using the same three international players in qualitative case studies to observe how they have been evolving is the new host market regarding their WC improvement and; the third proposition is whether the international players might carry an advantage when establishing a subunit in a new host market, considering again the same three international players in qualitative case studies. Research Limitations: Further research is necessary into different markets other than Brazil and / or different industries other than the apparel / fashion retailing. Broader survey, with statistical generalization, might validate the propositions presented. Practical Implications: The propositions could serve as a managerial tool for identifying WCLOF, thus also for assisting to overcome it. Originality/value: given the novelty in bringing these two existing theories juxtaposed in academic literature, it demanded inductive research to assist uniqueness findings. / Propósito: Prover proposições a respeito de como duas conhecidas and estabelecidas teorias justapostas poodem impactar as firmas ao entrar em novos mercados internacionais. Design / Metodologia / Abordagem: a partir de pesquisa exploratória e indutiva e em casos múltiplos, em temas relacionados e em 18 entrevistas de campo com gestores e executivos em diversas funções e organizações. Resultados: prover base empírica a partir de entrevistas sobre os estudos de caso para corroborar com as três proposições e comparar, entre as práticas observadas, o que poderia ser feito de forma diferente para mitigar o WCLOF (Working Capital Liability of Foreignness). A primeira proposição é sobre o papel que Liability of Foreignness (LOF) desempenha quando as firmas internacionais gerenciam seu Capital de Giro (WC) de uma subunidade em um mercado estrangeiro, a com base em seis estudos de caso qualitativos de três competidores internacionais e três pares locais; a segunda proposição é a se as empresas superam o LOF ao longo do tempo, com base nos mesmos pares internacionais em estudos de caso qualitativos para observar como eles, no novo mercado estrangeito em relação ao aprimoramento de seus WC; a terceira proposição é se as firmas internacionais podem trazer uma vantagem ao estabelecer uma subunidade em um novo mercado estrangeiro, considerando novamente as mesmos três firmas internacionais em estudos de casos qualitativos Limitações de pesquisa: Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias em diferentes mercados, exceto no Brasil e / ou em diferentes indústrias, além do varejo de vestuário / moda. Um levantamento mais amplo, com testes estatísticos, pode validar as proposições apresentadas. Implicações Práticas: As proposições poderiam servir como uma ferramenta gerencial para identificar o WCLOF, assim também para ajudar a superá-lo. Originalidade / valor: dada o ineditismo em avaliar essas duas teorias existentes justapostas na literatura acadêmica, foram requeridas pesquisas indutivas para auxiliar a novidade das descobertas.

The thesis focuses on a Mexican business environment analysis which is subsequently used for creating the concrete business plan - establishing Czech restaurant in Mexico. The thesis provides analysis of essential differences, barriers and opportunities of Mexican market and it exposes complexity of doing business by Czech entities in the mexican area. Based on the analysis the business plan for purpose of establishing typical Czech restaurant in Mexico City is presented. The plan reflects entire specifics of a different market with regard to the relating branch. The essential steps and necessary activities are identified in the plan. They expose the difficulty of making this plan real. The thesis draws the conclusion that the business plan has a chance to succeed and its realization is meaningful.