The present work aimed at assessing the dose emission and aerodynamic particle size characteristics of formoterol fumarate from Atimos Modullite, a metered dose inhaler (MDI) and Foradil Aeroliser, Easyhaler, and Oxis Turbuhaler dry powder inhalers (DPI) at different inhalation flow rates and volumes using in vitro methodology. Recognised methods have been adopted and validated to generate the results. The in vitro characteristics of formoterol were measured according to standard pharmacopeial methodology with adaptation to simulate routine patient use. The dose emission from the Atimos Modulite was determined using inhalation volumes of 4 and 2 L and inhalation flows of 10, 28.3, 60, and 90 L/min. The %nominal dose emitted was consistent between the various flow rates and inhalation volumes of 4 and 2L. The particle size distribution was measured using an Anderson Cascade Impactor (ACI) combined with a mixing inlet valve to measure particle size distribution at inhalation flow rates below 30 L/min. The particle size distribution of formoterol from Atimos Modulite was measured using inhalation flows of 15, 28.3, 50, and 60 L/min with and without different spacers, Aerochamber and Volumatic. The mean fine particle dose (%nominal dose) through an Atimos without spacer were 53.52% (2.51), 54.1% (0.79), 53.37% (0.81), 50.43% (1.92) compared to Aerochamber 63.62% (0.44), 63.86% (0.72), 64.72% (0.47), 59.96% (1.97) and Volumatic 62.40% (0.28),63.41% (0.52), 64.71% (0.61), 58.43% (0.73), respectively. A small decrease in the fine particle dose was observed as the inhalation flow increased, but this was not significant. The respective mean mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) increased as the flow rate was increased from 15 of 60 L/min. Results also suggests that the use of spacers provides better lung deposition for patients with problems using MDI. The dose emission from the Foradil Aeroliser was determined using inhalation volumes of 4 and 2 L, at inhalation flows of 10, 15, 20, 28.3, 60, and 90 L/min plus two inhalations per single dose. The %nominal dose emitted using 2 L inhalation volume was approximately half when compared to results obtained using inhalation volume of 4 L. A significantly (p<0.001) higher amount of drug was also emitted from Easyhaler® at inhalation volume of 4 L through flow rates of 10, 20, 28.3, 40, and 60 L/min compared 2 L. Similar results were observed through Oxis Turbuhaler at inhalation flow rates of 10, 20, 28.3, 40, and 60 L/min. Comparative studies were also carried out to evaluate the particle size distribution of formoterol through the DPIs. The nominal fine particle dose through Aeroliser using inhalation flows of 10, 20, 28.3, 60 and 90 L/min were 9.23%, 14.70 %, 21.37%, 28.93%, and 39.70% for the 4 L and 4.17%, 5.55%, 7.28%, 8.41%, and 11.08% for the 2 L, respectively. The respective MMAD significantly (p<0.001) decreased with increasing flow rates. Aeroliser performance showed significant (p<0.001) increase in the % nominal fine particle dose for two inhalations compared to one inhalation at both 4 and 2 L. The Easyhaler was measured using inhalation flows of 10, 20, 28.3, 40, 60 L/min. The nominal fine particle dose were 19.03%, 27.09%, 36.89%, 49.71% and 49.25% for the 4 L and 9.14%, 15.44%, 21.02%, 29.41%, 29.14% for the 2 L, respectively. The respective MMAD significantly (p<0.001) decreased with increasing flow rates. Easyhaler performance at both 4 and 2 L showed no significant differences between one and two inhalations at low flow rates (10, 20, 28.3), but this was significant (p<0.05) at higher flow rates (40 and 60 L/min). The Oxis Turbuhaler was also measured using inhalation flows of 10, 20, 28.3, 40, 60 L/min. The nominal fine particle dose were 12.87%, 24.51%, 28.25%, 34.61%, 40.53% for the 4 L and 8.55%, 15.31%, 21.36%, 19.53%, 22.31% for the 2 L, respectively. Turbuhaler performance showed significant (p<0.05) differences between one and two inhalations at varying flow rates 2 L inhalation volumes, but not at 4 L. The use of Foradil Aeroliser delivers small particles as the Oxis Turbuhaler using two inhalations hence delivering formoterol deep into the lungs. Also, this thesis shows that high flow resistance of Turbuhaler will indeed influence the ability of patients with severe asthma or children to use the system. Beside, Easyhaler produced the highest drug delivery to the lungs, thus, making it a more desirable system to use, especially for children and asthma sufferers.

OBJECTIF : L’objectif de cette étude a été de valider le potentiel des méthodes de reconstruction itérative nouvellement développées en imageries CT à faisceau conique, afin de réduire la dose d’exposition dans le cadre des bilans de localisation des canines incluses. MÉTHODOLOGIE : Quarante examens par imagerie volumétrique à faisceau conique de canines incluses ont été reconstruits à pleine dose (D), demi-dose (D2) et quart de dose (D4). Ces examens ont été analysés par un radiologiste maxillo-facial et par un résident en orthodontie. La cohérence entre les évaluations des critères radiologiques retenus a été évaluée avec les tests de Kappa Cohen. RÉSULTATS : Les résultats de cette étude ont montré de fortes valeurs de Kappa concernant l'évaluation inter-examinateur de la position de la canine impactée avec des scores compris entre 0.606 – 0.839. Les valeurs de Kappa déterminées pour la résorption, l'ankylose et les lésions associées étaient beaucoup plus faibles avec des scores compris entre 0.000 et 0.529. CONCLUSION : Cette étude a permis de montrer que la localisation des canines incluses pourrait potentiellement être possible à faible dose (1/4 dose), comparativement à un dosage conventionnel. Toutefois, le diagnostic de la résorption, de l'ankylose ou encore de certaines lésions associées nécessitent de la haute résolution et donc des acquisitions à pleine dose. / AIM : The aim of this study was to validate the potential of newly developed iterative reconstruction methods in cone beam CT imaging to reduce the exposure dose for localization assessments of impacted canines. METHODS : Forty Cone beam CT examinations of impacted canines were reconstructed at full dose (D), half dose (D2) and quarter dose (D4). These examinations were analyzed by a maxillofacial radiologist and by an orthodontic resident. Consistency between the assessments of the selected radiological criteria was evaluated with Kappa Cohen tests. RESULTS : The results of this study showed high Kappa values regarding the inter-examiner assessment of the impacted canine position with scores ranging from 0.606 - 0.839. The Kappa values determined for resorption, ankylosis and associated lesions were lower with scores between 0.000 and 0.529. CONCLUSION : This study showed that the localization of impacted canines could potentially be possible at low dose (1/4 dose), compared to a conventional assay. However, the diagnosis of resorption, ankylosis or certain associated lesions requires high resolution and therefore full dose acquisitions.

Anti-inflammatory low-dose therapy is well established, whereas the immunomodulatory impact of doses below 0.1 Gy is much less clear. In this study, we investigated dose, dose rate and time-dependent effects in a dose range of 0.005 to 2 Gy on immune parameters after whole body irradiation (IR) using a pro-inflammatory (ApoE−/−) and a wild type mouse model. Long-term effects on spleen function (proliferation, monocyte expression) were analyzed 3 months, and short-term effects on immune plasma parameters (IL6, IL10, IL12p70, KC, MCP1, INFγ, TGFβ, fibrinogen, sICAM, sVCAM, sE-selectin/CD62) were analyzed 1, 7 and 28 days after Co60 γ-irradiation (IR) at low dose rate (LDR, 0.001 Gy/day) and at high dose rate (HDR). In vitro measurements of murine monocyte (WEHI-274.1) adhesion and cytokine release (KC, MCP1, IL6, TGFβ) after low-dose IR (150 kV X-ray unit) of murine endothelial cell (EC) lines (H5V, mlEND1, bEND3) supplement the data. RT-PCR revealed significant reduction of Ki67 and CD68 expression in the spleen of ApoE−/− mice after 0.025 to 2 Gy exposure at HDR, but only after 2 Gy at LDR. Plasma levels in wild type mice, showed non-linear time-dependent induction of proinflammatory cytokines and reduction of TGFβ at doses as low as 0.005 Gy at both dose rates, whereas sICAM and fibrinogen levels changed in a dose rate-specific manner. In ApoE−/− mice, levels of sICAM increased and fibrinogen decreased at both dose rates, whereas TGFβ increased mainly at HDR. Non-irradiated plasma samples revealed significant age-related enhancement of cytokines and adhesion molecules except for sICAM. In vitro data indicate that endothelial cells may contribute to systemic IR effects and confirm changes of adhesion properties suggested by altered sICAM plasma levels. The differential immunomodulatory effects shown here provide insights in inflammatory changes occurring at doses far below standard anti-inflammatory therapy and are of particular importance after diagnostic and chronic environmental exposures.

No description available.

<p>This thesis describes an analysis of the influence of dose and dose rate from low LET radiation on the induction of a cytotoxic bystander effect. The general direction was as follows:</p> <p>a) Utilize a well – established reporter cell line with two types of low – LET radiation across varying dose and dose rates in order to assess the possibility of a dose rate effect. These results identified the recovery of bystander cell survival to control levels after high dose treatment. Additionally, dose rate effects were seen at high dose treatments following electron irradiation as well as between similar low – LET sources.</p> <p>b) Apply aggressive radiation treatment for toxic medium production in order to elicit a bystander cell death response in a cell line with no previous observed effect. Results indicated a similar response to a reporter line including an increase in cell survival at high doses. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was identified as necessary to the observed effect.</p> <p>c) Develop a dosimetry model for <em>in vitro</em> bystander studies following toxic medium production with a β-emitting radiopharmaceutical. Furthermore, use this model to re-examine survival fraction data in comparison with traditional external beam treatment. A code-base and application were developed. Comparison between treatments indicated a similar survival curve shape with differences in the magnitude of the response. This is possibly the result of cell response to low – dose rates from radiopharmaceutical treatment.</p> <p>The overall conclusion points to the importance of dose rate in observed bystander cell death as well as the differentiating response at high doses. Additionally, the similarity in survival curve behaviour across differing cell type's further points to common underlying critical mechanisms. However, it is believed that further data acquisition and aggregation is required in order to build a robust model for the influence of these factors.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

La spectrométrie γ dose en une seule mesure tous les émetteurs γ dans un échantillon. L’auto-absorption des rayonnements γ dans des échantillons se manifeste par des pertes ou des gains d'impulsions. Pour caractériser une nouvelle géométrie de comptage, des améliorations du dispositif existant ont été apportées par des simulations MCNPX. Avec ce nouveau dispositif nous avons pu spécifier les doses absorbées et efficaces annuelles ainsi que les facteurs de conversion de dose des radioisotopes naturels pour des matériaux de construction et des prélèvements de sols. Des simulations ont montré l’influence des seuils de détection des rayonnements γ donc sur les facteurs de conversion de dose et la nécessité d’une mise à jour de ces facteurs. L’analyse par spectrométrie γ in situ du sol fait appel à des efficacités de détection simulées par MCNPX pour une source aux dimensions semi-infinies. Une application a été réalisée autour d’une centrale nucléaire et une autre pour une société. / Γ-ray spectrometry enables determining all γ-ray emitters in a sample with a single measurement. Self-absorption of γ-rays in samples is manifest by a loss or a gain of pulses that results in a poor estimation of the counting efficiency. To characterize a new counting geometry improvements of the existing set-up were made with MCNPX simulations. With the new geometry we could specify absorbed and annual effective doses as well as dose conversion factors for the natural radioisotopes of several building materials and soil samples. Simulations show the influence of detection limits of γ-radiation on dose conversion factors and the need for updating these factors. γ-ray measurements of soil in situ require different counting efficiencies simulated by MCNPX for a semi-infinite source. Two in-situ soil analyses were made, one around a nuclear power and the other for a private company.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This PhD thesis, addresses the issue of evaluation of cone beam computed tomography, CBCT, scanning protocols, was introduced in dental radiology at the end of the 1990s, and it quickly became a fundamental examination for various procedures. Its main characteristic, the difference of medical CT is the beam shape. This study aimed to calculate the absorbed dose in eight tissues / organs of the head and neck, and to estimate the effective dose in 13 protocols and two techniques (stitched FOV e single FOV) of 5 equipment of different manufacturers of cone beam CT. For that purpose, a female anthropomorphic phantom was used, representing a default woman, in which were inserted thermoluminescent dosimeters at several points, representing organs / tissues with weighting values presented in the standard ICRP 103. The results were evaluated by comparing the dose according to the purpose of the tomographic image. Among the results, there is a difference up to 325% in the effective dose in relation to protocols with the same image goal. In relation to the image acquisition technique, the stitched FOV technique resulted in an effective dose of 5.3 times greater than the single FOV technique for protocols with the same image goal. In the individual contribution, the salivary glands are responsible for 31% of the effective dose in CT exams. The remaining tissues have also a significant contribution, 36%. The results drew attention to the need of estimating the effective dose in different equipment and protocols of the market, besides the knowledge of the radiation parameters and equipment manufacturing engineering to obtain the image. / Na presente tese de doutoramento foi abordada a temática da avaliação de protocolos de exame de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico - TCFC, que foi iniciada na radiologia odontológica no fim da década de 1990 e rapidamente tornou-se um exame fundamental para diversos procedimentos. Sua principal característica, que a diferencia da tomografia computadorizada médica, é a forma do feixe. Assim, este estudo objetivou calcular a dose absorvida em 8 tecidos/órgãos da cabeça e pescoço e estimar a dose efetiva em 13 protocolos e duas técnicas (stitched FOV e single FOV) de 5 equipamentos diferentes fabricantes de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Para isto, foi utilizado um simulador antropomórfico feminino, representando uma mulher padrão, onde foram inseridos dosímetros termoluminescentes em diversos pontos, representando órgãos e tecidos com valores de ponderação apresentados na norma ICRP 103. Os resultados foram avaliados, comparando-se a dose de acordo com o objetivo da imagem tomográfica. Dentre os resultados, observou-se uma diferença de até 325 % de dose efetiva em relação a protocolos com o mesmo objetivo de imagem. Em relação à técnica de obtenção de imagem, a técnica stitched FOV resultou em uma dose efetiva até 5,3 vezes maior que a single FOV para protocolos com o mesmo objetivo de imagem. Na contribuição individual, as glândulas salivares são responsáveis por 31% da dose efetiva, nos exames tomográficos. Os tecidos restantes também apresentaram uma contribuição significativa, 36 %. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de se estimar a dose efetiva nos diversos equipamentos e protocolos presentes no mercado, além de conhecer os parâmetros de radiação e a engenharia de fabricação dos equipamentos para a obtenção da imagem.

Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-08-26T12:45:07Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-26T12:45:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Medidas de espectroscopia gama de alta resolução têm diversas aplicações. Aplicações envolvendo medidas de radioisótopos de meia-vida curta podem apresentar problemas de baixa precisão nas contagens quando a fonte radioativa está distante do detector e de perda de acurácia por efeitos de tempo morto e empilhamento de pulsos em situação de altas taxas de contagens. Um modo de minimizar esses problemas é alterando a posição da fonte radioativa durante o processo de medição, aproximando-a do detector conforme sua atividade diminui e assim maximizando o número de contagens medidas. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido o Movimentador de Amostras Radioativas Automatizado (MARA), um aparato de baixo custo, feito com materiais de baixo número atômico e leve, projetado e construído para auxiliar nas medidas de espectroscopia gama, capaz de controlar a distância entre a fonte e o detector, permitindo inclusive que ocorra alteração dessa distância durante o processo de medição. Por ser automatizado ele otimiza o tempo do operador, que tem total liberdade para criar suas rotinas de medidas no dispositivo, além de evitar que o mesmo tome uma parcela da dose radioativa. Foi também feita uma interface que permite controle do MARA e a programação do sistema de aquisição de dados. Foram realizados testes para otimização da operação do sistema MARA e foi verificada a segurança de operação do MARA, não apresentando nenhuma falha durante seus testes. Foi aplicado o teste de repetitividade, por meio de medições com uma fonte calibrada de 60Co, e verificou-se que o sistema de movimentação de prateleiras automatizado reproduziu os resultados do sistema estático com confiabilidade de 95%. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Diagnostic radiology plays an important role in the assessment and treatment of neonates, mainly premature, requiring intensive care in the Special Baby Care Unit (SBCU), because they have highly mitotic state of their cells and thus they are more radiosensitive. It is often necessary to perform a large number of X-ray examinations depending upon the infant's birth-weight, gestational age and respiratory problems. It is therefore important to ensure that radiation doses from radiographic examinations carried out in neo-natal units are kept to a minimum while maintaining the quality of radiographic images in a high level. An optimization study on radiation dose and image quality in neonatal radiography is presented. Our sample consists of 135 neonatal radiographic examinations, which performed on 54 neonates. All examinations were performed using the same mobile unit and under manual exposure control. Neonates were categorized into four groups depending on birth-weight. ESD was estimated from the exposure parameters (kVp, mAs) and tube output and also with using of Dose-Area Product (DAP). For the evaluation of image quality, our sample consists of 195 images (75 screen film images, 60 CR images in printed form and 60 CR images in electronic form) were assessed by two observers and were based on the visibility of certain anatomical features using a five-grade scale. ESDoutput values increased with increasing weight and ranged from 16.8 μGy to 64.7 μGy, with a mean value of 36 μGy for all radiographs. Similarly, ESDDAP values ranged from 14.8 μGy to 48.5 μGy with a mean of 29 μGy. Analyzing, the mean ESD for CR images was found 34.8 μGy and for screen film images 36.9 μGy. ESD values for CR images have the same behavior as ESD values for SF images. However, the majority of the acquired values are lower than the proposed Dose Reference Levels by Commission of European Communities (CEC: 80 μGy) and National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB: 50 μGy). Image quality evaluation revealed the feasibility of achieving a diagnostically satisfactory image using both low and high tube voltage techniques, with the latter resulting in reduced ESDs. The results suggest that the use of high tube voltage techniques could result in further reductions in neonatal dose, without image quality degradation, underlying the requirement for establishing standard examination protocols for neonatal radiography with respect to neonatal weight. / Η Διαγνωστική ακτινολογία παίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στην αξιολόγηση και τη θεραπεία των νεογνών, κυρίως των πρόωρων, καθώς απαιτείται η εντατική φροντίδα τους στην Ειδική Μονάδα Φροντίδας Νεογνών, λόγω της μεγάλης μιτωτικής δραστηριότητας των κυττάρων τους και κατα συνέπεια της ακτινοευαισθησίας τους. Είναι συχνά απαραίτητο να πραγματοποιηθεί ένας μεγάλος αριθμός ακτινογραφικών εξετάσεων που εξαρτώνται από το βάρος γέννησης, την περίοδο κύησης και τα αναπνευστικά προβλήματα. Επομένως, είναι σημαντικό να εξασφαλιστεί ότι οι δόσεις ακτινοβολίας από ακτινογραφικές εξετάσεις που πραγματοποιούνται σε μονάδες νεογνών περιορίζονται στο ελάχιστο, ενώ η ποιότητα των ακτινογραφικών εικόνων διατηρείται σε υψηλά επίπεδα. Μια μελέτη για τη βελτιστοποίηση της δόσης της ακτινοβολίας και της ποιότητας της εικόνας σε ακτινογραφίες νεογνών παρουσιάζεται παρακάτω. Το δείγμα μας αποτελείται από 135 ακτινογραφικές εξετάσεις νεογνών, οι οποίες πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε 54 νεογνά. Όλες οι εξετάσεις πραγματοποιήθηκαν χρησιμοποιώντας την ίδια φορητή ακτινογραφική μονάδα και με χειροκίνητο έλεγχο έκθεσης. Τα νεογνά ταξινομήθηκαν σε τέσσερις ομάδες ανάλογα με το βάρος γέννησης. Η Επιφανειακή δόση (ESD) εκτιμήθηκε από τις παραμέτρους της έκθεσης (kVp, mΑs), αλλά και με τη χρήση του DAP. Για την αξιολόγηση της ποιότητας της εικόνας, το δείγμα αποτελούνταν από 195 εικόνες (75 συμβατικές, 60 ψηφιακές (CR) σε έντυπη μορφή και 60 ψηφιακές εικόνες (CR) σε ηλεκτρονική μορφή) οι οποίες αξιολογήθηκαν από δύο παρατηρητές και βασίστηκαν στην ορατότητα ορισμένων ανατομικών χαρακτηριστικών χρησιμοποιώντας μια πενταβάθμια κλίμακα. Οι ESDoutput τιμές αυξάνονται με την αύξηση του βάρους και κυμαίνονται από 16.8μGy σε 64.7μGy, με μέση τιμή 36μGy για όλες τις ακτινογραφίες. Ομοίως, οι ESDDAP τιμές κυμαίνονται από 14.8 μGy σε 48.5 μGy, με μέση τιμή 29 μGy. Αναλυτικά, η μέση τιμή ESD για τις ψηφιακές (CR) εικόνες βρέθηκε 34.8μGy και για τις συμβατικές 36.9μGy. Η ESD για CR εικόνες έχει στατιστικά την ίδια συμπεριφορά με την ESD για SF εικόνες. Η πλειοψηφία των αποκτηθέντων τιμών είναι χαμηλότερες από τα Διαγνωστικά Επίπεδα Αναφοράς που έχουν προταθεί από την Επιτροπή της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (CEC: 80μGy) και το National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB: 50μGy) για προσθοπίσθιες ακτινογραφίες θώρακος νεογνών. Η αξιολόγηση της ποιότητας της εικόνας αποκάλυψε την δυνατότητα επίτευξης μιας διαγνωστικά ικανοποιητικής εικόνας χρησιμοποιώντας τόσο χαμηλές όσο και υψηλές τάσεις, με τις τελευταίες να οδηγούν σε μείωση των επιφανειακών δόσεων (ESDs). Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι η χρήση τεχνικών υψηλής τάσης μπορούν να οδηγήσουν σε περαιτέρω μείωση των δόσεων στα νεογνά, χωρίς να υποβαθμίζεται η ποιότητα της εικόνας, τα οποία βασίζονται στην απαίτηση καθορισμού τυποποιημένων πρωτοκόλλων εξέτασης για ακτινογραφίες σε νεογνά σε σχέση με το βάρος τους.

Au Québec, l’abattage des poulets se fait entre 33 et 40 jours. Pour permettre cet abattage, les poulets devront être vaccinés en présence d’anticorps maternels puisque la période d’attente après la vaccination est de 21 jours. L’objectif de cette étude a été de déterminer l’efficacité d’une forte dose de vaccin et de vitamine E à contourner les anticorps maternels et à vacciner par contact les poulets non vaccinés. Des vaccins à dose normale de 104,35 TCID50/ml/oiseau et à forte dose de 105,35 TCID50/ml/oiseau ont été utilisées sur 1200 poulets repartis en 4 groupes; (1) FD100%, groupe dans lequel tous les oiseaux ont été vaccinés, (2) FD10%, groupe dans lequel 10% des oiseaux ont été vacciné à forte dose, (3) DN100%, groupe dans lequel tous les oiseaux ont été vacciné à dose normale et (4) Contrôle, groupe dans lequel aucun oiseau n’a été vacciné. Chaque groupe a été divisé en 2 sous-groupes ; un a été supplémenté en vitamine E de 50 à 100UI/kg d’aliment et l’autre de 20 à 27 UI/kg. Les résultats de la présente étude ont montré que le virus vaccinal est capable de surmonter les anticorps maternels, qui ont persisté jusqu’à 20 jours d’âge, et à provoquer une réponse immunitaire humorale. Cette étude a aussi montré que le virus est capable de se transmettre par contact direct dans un même parquet et par contact indirect d’un parquet à l’autre. Aucun retour à la virulence ni une mutation du nucléotide VP2 n’a été observé au niveau des oiseaux vaccinés par contact. Cette étude a aussi montré qu’une amélioration de l’apport de vitamine E augmente la réponse humorale après vaccination avec un vaccin vivant contre la maladie de Gumboro. / In Quebec, Canada, broilers chickens are slaughtered from 33 to 40 days of age depending on the targeted market. Considering the withdrawal period of 21 days following vaccination, chickens would have to be vaccinated in the presence of maternally derived antibodies (MDA). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of high dose of vaccine and high dietary concentration of vitamin E in circumventing the MDA. A normal dose vaccine containing 104.35 TCID50/ml/bird and a higher dose containing 105.35 TCID50/ml/bird were used on 1200 chickens, which were divided into 4 groups housed in 8 pens: a high dose of vaccine in which all chickens were given 105.35 TCID50/ml (HD100%), a high dose in which 10% of the birds were vaccinated (HD10%), a normal dose as prescribed by the manufacturer in which all birds received 104.35 TCID50/ml (ND100%), and unvaccinated control groups. Each group was divided into 2 sub-groups; one was supplemented with 50 to 100 IU/kg of vitamin E and the other was supplemented with 20 to 27 IU/kg. The result of this study showed that the vaccine virus was able to circumvent the MDA, which persisted until 20 days of age, and to initiate a high antibody response. The study also showed that the vaccine virus was able to spread by direct and indirect contact within the pen and to the next pens. No reversion to the virulence or mutation of VP2 nucleotide was detected from the contact vaccinated birds. Vitamin E at the concentration of 50 to 100 IU/kg of the diet induced significantly elevated antibody response against IBDV.