Background - Food waste is considered as a major sustainability concern as it has negative social, environmental and economic implications. Among various types of entrepreneurs, sustainable entrepreneurs are acting to resolve conjointly these three issues. Consequently, they should be willing to tackle food waste. An emerging belief in the literature is grounded on the statement that food waste can be a valuable resource and may represent opportunities for business. Despite this observation, just a few companies make use of food waste as a raw material. Purpose - The purpose of this thesis is to explore the drivers that lead to identify an entrepreneurial opportunity aiming to exploit food waste as a resource. Method - To fulfill the purpose, this thesis is of qualitative nature and follows an abductive approach. Primary data is collected through semi-structured interviews with ten entrepreneurs or intrapreneurs using food waste as a resource. Secondary data is obtained through scholarly articles, organizational reports or websites. For each of the cases, a within-case analysis is performed followed by a cross-case analysis. Conclusion - The analysis of the empirical findings resulted in the emergence of factors shared among the entrepreneurs of the sample. We recognized three drivers leading to the identification of an entrepreneurial opportunity aiming to use food waste as a resource: Awareness of the Food Waste Issue and its Potential Impact, Serendipity of Relationships and Motivate Societal Changes toward Environmental Transition. Additionally, it has been found that these drivers are moderated by two contextual factors, namely Entrepreneurial Curiosity toward Sustainability and Prior Knowledge linked to Sustainability.

No description available.

Orientador: Sérgio Tosi Rodrigues / Banca: Luis Carlos Paschoarelli / Banca: Paula Favaro Polastri Zago / Resumo: O uso de telefone celular durante a condução de automóvel é uma causa importante de risco aumentado de acidentes. Distratores, como conversar ao telefone celular no modo viva-voz ou segurando o equipamento na mão, interferem no mecanismo atencional, e tendem a perturbar o comportamento perceptual e motor dos motoristas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito distrator de usar o telefone celular (condições viva-voz e na mão) sobre o comportamento perceptivo-motor de motoristas durante a direção simulada de automóvel. Dez motoristas novatos e dez experientes tiveram a cinemática de olhos e cabeça mensurada enquanto dirigiam em um simulador de direção sob condições de 80-120 km/h de velocidade, luz do dia, trajetória linear e baixo nível de tráfego. De modo geral, os resultados mostraram que o número de fixações aumentou, o tempo relativo de fixação diminuiu, a variância horizontal e vertical do olhar, a variância da posição e da orientação da cabeça aumentou durante as condições de uso do celular viva-voz e na mão, comparadas à condição controle (sem conversa). Efeitos dos grupos de experiência não foram observados. Em suma, conversar ao telefone celular tende a perturbar a atenção devido à diminuição da estabilidade de olho e da cabeça; consequentemente, à obtenção de informação visual relevante para a segurança da direção. Áreas de estudo como o design ergonômico podem efetivamente auxiliar o planejamento de equipamentos e de aparelhos que atendem às demandas cognitivas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Using a mobile phone while driving a car is an important cause of increase ed risk of accidents. Distractors such as talking on a cell phone in speakerphone mode or holding the device in hand interfere in the attentional mechanism and tend to disrupt drivers' perceptual and motor behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distractor effect of using a cell phone (speakerphone mode and in hand conditions) on drivers' perceptual-motor behavior during simulated car driving. Ten novices and ten experienced drivers had eyes and head kinematics measured while driving in a driver simulator under conditions of 80-120 Km/h velocity, day light, linear trajectory, and low traffic level. Generally, results showed that number of fixations increased, relative fixation time decreased, horizontal and vertical gaze variance increased, and variance of head position and orientation increased during both speakerphone mode and in hand conditions of mobile phone use, as compared to the control (no talking) condition. Effects of experience group were not observed. In sum, talking on a mobile phone tend to disturb attention due to decrease in eyes and head stability and, consequently, pickup of relevant visual information for safety driving. Areas of study as ergonomic design can effectively help in the planning of equipment or devices that meet the cognitive, perceptual and motor drivers' demands, contributing to road safety. / Mestre

Reverse logistics has become a part of many governmental agendas in developed countries. It offers enormous opportunities in reducing the negative impact on the environment from industrialization and the enormous quantities of waste produced by industry and households, as well as saving material resources. The recovery of used products and materials is receiving growing attention as a result of limited landfill and incineration capacity. However, the evolution of reverse logistics initiatives in developing countries is relatively slow, indicating that there are still huge obstacles and concerns that need to be explored. The main aim of this study is to investigate the reverse logistics practices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The key forces of reverse logistics in more developed countries are compared with those in the KSA context. In particular, the current legislative framework and reverse logistics operations are evaluated against best practices in order to identify opportunities for KSA industries to improve their reverse logistics operations. For this purpose, qualitative research using a case study approach has been designed to collect data from different government agencies and thirteen organizations in KSA. These organizations were drawn from the oil, petrochemical and metal processing industries, all of which provide potential for the closed loop supply chain applications which are widely practiced outside KSA. Secondary data collection, direct observation and semi-structured interviews were conducted in order to facilitate comparison with the literature. A conceptual framework was developed from the literature. A template analysis approach was employed to analyze the gathered data. The framework was then applied to the research context to establish an overall view of the reverse logistics process as well as the key forces that influence the implementation of reverse logistics in KSA. The results revealed that the implementation of reverse logistics in KSA is at an early stage, with the exception of the oil processing industry. Applications of reverse logistics appear to be driven mainly by economic factors and are highly dependent on the capability provided by third-party logistics service providers. Supply chains tend to operate as open loops with recycled/reusable products being supplied to secondary markets and/or locations outside KSA. Furthermore, the adoption of best practice is hindered by the country's logistics infrastructure and by local legislation that does not appear to encourage waste recovery or promote the awareness or control of the reverse logistics process. Both government and industry need to collaborate to implement best practice in reverse logistics in KSA. Economic and environmental benefits can be achieved, especially through improved infrastructure provision, legislation and reverse logistics design. This study makes several contributions to knowledge. First, the framework and strategies will make an important contribution to the literature of reverse logistics by identifying the key forces, represented in a force field analysis diagram; and to general reverse logistics operations in developing countries in general and in Saudi Arabia in particular. Secondly, the findings identify further studies for reverse logistics in KSA and, possibly, for other emerging countries with a similar context. Thirdly, this study is distinguished from existing empirical work on reverse logistics in developed countries as it examines the framework in the context of KSA, and may be applicable to other developing countries. Fourthly, the study motivates changes in practice as it provides recommendations and guidance for practitioners and leaders on how to apply the best practices of reverse logistics in different sectors.

Introdução A presença de mulheres no transporte rodoviário de cargas tem sido cada vez mais crescente e as repercussões do trabalho na vida das motoristas de caminhão ainda são desconhecidas pela comunidade científica. Objetivo - Caracterizar e analisar o trabalho de mulheres motoristas de caminhão e suas repercussões sobre sua saúde, a partir do relato de homens e mulheres motoristas de caminhão. Metodologia - O estudo com abordagem qualitativa utilizou a técnica do grupo focal, entrevistas individuais e observação não participante. Os grupos focais foram realizados em uma empresa transportadora localizada no estado de São Paulo e as entrevistas individuais em evento realizado na cidade de Itupeva/SP. Em oito encontros, grupos de motoristas de caminhão, discutiram a temática trabalho e saúde conduzida por meio de questões semiabertas. As mesmas questões foram utilizadas para as entrevistas individuais. Os relatos foram gravados, sendo o conteúdo das gravações transcrito e analisado por meio da metodologia Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. A partir dos dados obtidos, construíram-se as seguintes categorias: A trajetória profissional de motoristas de caminhão; As mulheres no Transporte Rodoviário de Cargas; O trabalho; Um momento inesquecível na profissão e A saúde das mulheres motoristas na estrada. Resultados Tornar-se motorista de caminhão, para a maioria das mulheres, ocorreu por acaso, ou devido à uma necessidade financeira, ou a falta de perspectiva de emprego. Para as mulheres no Transporte Rodoviário de Cargas, o cotidiano de trabalho das profissionais está atravessado por aspectos como: a força física; dúvidas e preconceitos quanto à sua orientação sexual; o desafio em conciliar a vida dentro e fora do caminhão; conflitos na vida conjugal decorrentes da vida profissional; a discriminação sexual e a necessidade do reconhecimento no trabalho, bem como a falta de infraestrutura dedicada às trabalhadoras nas empresas e postos de parada nas rodovias brasileiras. O momento inesquecível nesta profissão, considerado por homens e mulheres, foi a primeira viagem. Os impactos do trabalho sobre a saúde das trabalhadoras recaíram sobre dores lombares e na coluna; problemas relacionados ao sono; necessidade de recorrer ao uso de drogas como anfetaminas e cocaína para manterem-se acordadas durante o trabalho; estresse; infecção urinária e uso ininterrupto de anticoncepcionais. Conclusões - A inserção das mulheres no transporte rodoviário de cargas desafia empresas e a infraestrutura existente nas rodovias do país a acompanharem as transformações sociais no mundo do trabalho, incluindo as demandas de um novo perfil de trabalhadoras. Descritores: trabalho, gênero, saúde, motoristas de caminhão. / Background - Women in the trucking freight has been increasingly growing and the implications of work on her lives are still unknown by the scientific community. Aim - To characterize and analyze the nature of work among truck drivers women and its impact on their health, based on the report of men and women truck drivers. Methods - The qualitative approach of this study has used the technique of focus groups, individual interviews and non-participant observation. The focus groups and the individual interviews were conducted at a transportation company, and in an event, respectively, at an event, both in São Paulo state. In eight meetings, truck drivers groups, discussed the theme \"Work and Health\" conducted through a semi-structured questions. The same questions was used for individual interviews. The reports were recorded, and their contents analyzed using Bardin\'s methodology. From the data obtained, we constructed the following categories: \"The professional career of truck drivers\"; \"Women in load road transport\"; \"The work\"; \"An unforgettable moment in the profession\" and \"Womens drivers health on the roads\" Results - Become a truck driver, for most women, happened \"by chance\", or because of financial need, or lack of employment perspective. For women in load road transport, the daily work is crossed by aspects such as physical strength; doubts and prejudices about their sexual orientation; the challenge of reconciling the life on and off the truck; conflicts in married life arising from professional life; sex discrimination and the need to recognize the work and the lack of infrastructure dedicated to working in companies and stop stations on Brazilian highways. The unforgettable moment in this profession, considered by men and women, was the first. The workers reported back pain and spine; sleep-related problems; need to use drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine to keep themselves awake at work; stress; urinary tract infection and uninterrupted use of contraceptives. Conclusions - The participation of women in the trucking loads challenges carriers and the entire existing infrastructure in the country\'s highways to monitor social changes in the world of work, including the demands of a new job profile.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leand.pdf: 1294573 bytes, checksum: d10eb21cbecb9685945b11331d660860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-08 / The production line concept introduction by Henry Ford, brought a great enhancement in the resource usage efficiency and transformation during the industrial process. Afterwards Ohno (1988) presented that during the industrial process all the waste should be removed from the process. Ohno also explains that waste is any activity that do not aggregate value in the final product. As a production test do not aggregate value, it simply ensure the product reliability, this paper has the purpose to develop a methodology to evaluate, identify and reduce the longest tests time of an electronic test sequence without decrease the product quality. Based on the instrument driver s utilization is possible to identify opportunities points to be executed concurrently (parallelism). The execution of two or more tests in parallel make possible the time reduction of the whole product test. One baseline of times and results were created to act as a benchmark and based on statistical process control indexes such as result mean and standard deviation and also the test acceptance limits cpk index, it will be possible to confirm the methodology efficacy and efficiency. Besides the methodology, the paper also refers the analysis and automation tools that were created during the time optimization project. / A introdução do conceito de linha de montagem por Henry Ford, trouxe um grande avanço à eficiência do uso dos recursos e transformações durante o processo fabril. Mais tarde com Ohno (1988), mostrou-se que durante o processo fabril, todo o desperdício deve ser removido do processo. Ohno ainda explica que desperdício é toda atividade que não agrega valor ao produto final. Como o teste de produção não agrega valor ao produto final, apenas garante a confiabilidade do mesmo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para identificar e reduzir os tempos de testes mais demorados de uma sequência de testes de produtos eletrônicos sem que seja diminuída a qualidade dos produtos. Baseado na análise da utilização dos instrumentos dos testes é possível a identificação dos pontos candidatos a serem executados concorrentemente (paralelismo). A execução de dois ou mais testes em paralelo nas sequências torna possível a redução do tempo total de testes do produto. Um histórico dos tempos e resultados foi catalogado para através da utilização de índices estatísticos como a média e o desvio padrão dos resultados, juntamente com o índice Cpk dos limites dos testes, poder comprovar não só a eficiência, mas também a eficácia da metodologia. Além da metodologia, o trabalho também cita as ferramentas de análise e automação de redução de tempos de testes que foram desenvolvidas ao longo do projeto. A metodologia se mostrou eficaz e não apenas os tempos de testes foram reduzidos, mas, também, os resultados se mostraram igualmente confiáveis.

Introdução A presença de mulheres no transporte rodoviário de cargas tem sido cada vez mais crescente e as repercussões do trabalho na vida das motoristas de caminhão ainda são desconhecidas pela comunidade científica. Objetivo - Caracterizar e analisar o trabalho de mulheres motoristas de caminhão e suas repercussões sobre sua saúde, a partir do relato de homens e mulheres motoristas de caminhão. Metodologia - O estudo com abordagem qualitativa utilizou a técnica do grupo focal, entrevistas individuais e observação não participante. Os grupos focais foram realizados em uma empresa transportadora localizada no estado de São Paulo e as entrevistas individuais em evento realizado na cidade de Itupeva/SP. Em oito encontros, grupos de motoristas de caminhão, discutiram a temática trabalho e saúde conduzida por meio de questões semiabertas. As mesmas questões foram utilizadas para as entrevistas individuais. Os relatos foram gravados, sendo o conteúdo das gravações transcrito e analisado por meio da metodologia Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. A partir dos dados obtidos, construíram-se as seguintes categorias: A trajetória profissional de motoristas de caminhão; As mulheres no Transporte Rodoviário de Cargas; O trabalho; Um momento inesquecível na profissão e A saúde das mulheres motoristas na estrada. Resultados Tornar-se motorista de caminhão, para a maioria das mulheres, ocorreu por acaso, ou devido à uma necessidade financeira, ou a falta de perspectiva de emprego. Para as mulheres no Transporte Rodoviário de Cargas, o cotidiano de trabalho das profissionais está atravessado por aspectos como: a força física; dúvidas e preconceitos quanto à sua orientação sexual; o desafio em conciliar a vida dentro e fora do caminhão; conflitos na vida conjugal decorrentes da vida profissional; a discriminação sexual e a necessidade do reconhecimento no trabalho, bem como a falta de infraestrutura dedicada às trabalhadoras nas empresas e postos de parada nas rodovias brasileiras. O momento inesquecível nesta profissão, considerado por homens e mulheres, foi a primeira viagem. Os impactos do trabalho sobre a saúde das trabalhadoras recaíram sobre dores lombares e na coluna; problemas relacionados ao sono; necessidade de recorrer ao uso de drogas como anfetaminas e cocaína para manterem-se acordadas durante o trabalho; estresse; infecção urinária e uso ininterrupto de anticoncepcionais. Conclusões - A inserção das mulheres no transporte rodoviário de cargas desafia empresas e a infraestrutura existente nas rodovias do país a acompanharem as transformações sociais no mundo do trabalho, incluindo as demandas de um novo perfil de trabalhadoras. Descritores: trabalho, gênero, saúde, motoristas de caminhão. / Background - Women in the trucking freight has been increasingly growing and the implications of work on her lives are still unknown by the scientific community. Aim - To characterize and analyze the nature of work among truck drivers women and its impact on their health, based on the report of men and women truck drivers. Methods - The qualitative approach of this study has used the technique of focus groups, individual interviews and non-participant observation. The focus groups and the individual interviews were conducted at a transportation company, and in an event, respectively, at an event, both in São Paulo state. In eight meetings, truck drivers groups, discussed the theme \"Work and Health\" conducted through a semi-structured questions. The same questions was used for individual interviews. The reports were recorded, and their contents analyzed using Bardin\'s methodology. From the data obtained, we constructed the following categories: \"The professional career of truck drivers\"; \"Women in load road transport\"; \"The work\"; \"An unforgettable moment in the profession\" and \"Womens drivers health on the roads\" Results - Become a truck driver, for most women, happened \"by chance\", or because of financial need, or lack of employment perspective. For women in load road transport, the daily work is crossed by aspects such as physical strength; doubts and prejudices about their sexual orientation; the challenge of reconciling the life on and off the truck; conflicts in married life arising from professional life; sex discrimination and the need to recognize the work and the lack of infrastructure dedicated to working in companies and stop stations on Brazilian highways. The unforgettable moment in this profession, considered by men and women, was the first. The workers reported back pain and spine; sleep-related problems; need to use drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine to keep themselves awake at work; stress; urinary tract infection and uninterrupted use of contraceptives. Conclusions - The participation of women in the trucking loads challenges carriers and the entire existing infrastructure in the country\'s highways to monitor social changes in the world of work, including the demands of a new job profile.

Estágio realizado na Sonae MC, e orientado pela Dr. Ana Cristina Leandro / Tese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia Industrial e Gestão. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012

Collision warning systems represent a promising means to reduce rear-end crash involvement. However, these systems experience failures in the real-world that may promote driver distrust and diminish drivers' willingness to comply with warnings. Recent research suggests that not all false alarms (FAs) are detrimental to drivers. However, very few studies have examined how different alarms influence different driving populations. The purpose of this research was to examine how younger, middle-aged, and older drivers (with and without UFOV impairments) evaluated and responded to four different alarm contexts - false alarm (FA), nuisance alarm (NA), unnecessary alarm (UA) and true alarm (TA) - when they did and did not receive warnings. FA contexts represent out-of-path conflict scenarios where it is difficult for the driver to identify the source of the alarm. NA contexts represent out-of-path conflict scenarios that occur in a predictable manner that allows drivers to identify the source of the alarm. UA contexts are transitioning host conflict scenarios where the system issues an alert but the situation resolves itself before the driver needs to intervene. TA contexts represent in-host conflict scenarios where the situation requires the driver to intervene to avoid a collision. The results suggest that alarm context does matter. Compared to response data that differentiates FA and NA from UA and TA, subjective data shows greater sensitivity and differentiates between all four alarm contexts (FA Younger drivers indicated a high degree of confidence in their own ability across the different conditions. While they adopted a similar response pattern as middle-aged drivers during the TA contexts, these drivers responded less frequently than middle-aged and older drivers during the UA context. Diminished hazard perception ability and the tendency to consider these situations less hazardous likely account for the fewer responses made during these situations by younger drivers. Older drivers with and without UFOV impairments indicated similar hazard ratings for UA and TA contexts, yet drivers with UFOV impairments responded less frequently in both alarm contexts. Diminished hazard perception ability, slower simple response times, and degraded contrast sensitivity likely account for the fewer and slower responses. Interestingly older drivers with impairments did respond more frequently when warned during the TA context. They also rated FAs and NAs more positively than the other driver groups. The results of this study suggest applying signal detection theory without concern for the alarm context and driver characteristics is insufficient for understanding how different alarms influence operators and that subjective data can inform design. Researchers are encouraged to combine multiple perspectives that incorporate of both an engineering and human perspective.

Context: This study was founded on the notion that opportunities for individuals to improve their knowledge of and appreciation for design should be accessible to a broad population. If design is considered a driver in the development of environments that people encounter as part of their everyday activities, they may learn about design from those encounters. With a visual database of environments that include positive design examples, the population will benefit. Firstly, they have the capacity to use their informed encounters to contribute with some authority to discourse that shapes the future of their individual and collective surroundings. Secondly, they hold a greater expectation for design which can increase economic activity through design-related industry. Aim: The Australian post office (PostShop) was chosen as an example of an everyday environment that has the capacity to capture a large audience, due to an ever-increasing and proven catchment of the population-currently one in eighteen Australians will visit each day. To understand the role of design in the PostShop environment it is essential to understand the process through which the environment is developed, and those criteria that drive the final outcome. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which the key development drivers of the PostShop influence the inclusion of design as a driver. Background: To enable this investigation to take place within an established context, a review of background literature was undertaken. This included themes supporting design literacy; the history of the PostShop built environment; brand; fitout and landlord guidelines for the built environment; global postal models; organisational behaviour; the development process; and the role of design in improving economic growth. / Methodology: The qualitative approach was used during the research undertaken in this study. Semi-structured interviews were held with participants from Australia Post and other (external) organisations to capture data relating to the development process of the Postshop, and the role of design in that process. This data was categorised and coded according to themes that emerged from the interview data. This allowed the reduction of data for analysis and presentation. The presentation is primarily rich narrative descriptions and includes responses from interview participants. Key findings: The data uncovered thirty-three individual drivers that have contributed to the development of the postal environment over time. These drivers were presented to illustrate their changing importance over time, from early traditional post offices through to the current PostShop. Seventeen drivers were considered to be relevant today. These were distilled to four chief driver groups that influence the current PostShop. In rank order, these are : financial motivation: including minimisation of rental outgoings, capital fitout costs and business downtime during refurbishment; and queue operation organisational behaviour: including authority of internal opinion: and competition and personal imprimatur brand strategy: including the desire to be a modern retailer; national and tiered fitout standards; and measurement of the built environment as a brand medium external authority: including postal and other industry models; government pressure; and landlord guidelines. / Conclusions: The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the key development drivers of the PostShop influence the inclusion of design as a driver. It was concluded that: all chief driver groups limit opportunities for design to contribute as a driver towards enhanced PostShop success. Despite being one of the leading international postal providers in terms of economic results, the chief drivers fail to embrace further potential for economic growth. The chief drivers also prevent the PostShop acting as an everyday environment that could successfully enhance the design literacy of the one million Australians that visit each day.