Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The nano-age is more about the mesoscopic phenomena, than those occurring at molecular and atomic level, which have been studied by chemists and physicists for more than a hundred years. Nanotechnology is currently one of the most active fields being explored in many different disciplines by many scientists across the world. In this research field, it is imperative to continually create more effective and superior methods to build smaller and smaller electronic devices, circuits and sensors. Technology is being improved continually and, specifcally at our university, there was a need to improve our device manufacturing facility. The aim of this work was to create a new sputtering system, build a dry etching system and to make modifications to upgrade existing equipment. This work has been done to produce nano structures or devices and, most importantly, to save costs. New systems and equipment have been built to keep up with the progress in this field. In order to understand the significance of the different types of equipment used in the fabrication of thin film superconductor layers, an overview will be given of the complete process of manufacturing a patterned Josephson junction. The apparatus used will be described and critically analyzed, whereby the shortfalls in design will be highlighted and improvements shown. Some of the equipment, such as the plasma laser deposition system, the lithography system and the test facility existed before and has been modified. Newly designed systems were built to further improve the quality of our thin film superconductors; these include the inverted cylindrical magnetron (ICM) sputtering system, the argon ion mill and the incandescent substrate heater. Finally, the results of the improved thin films and structures will be shown. To summarize: The entire process was analyzed and upgraded, resulting in an improved device manufacturing facility. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die nano-era het aangebreek en nanotegnologie is tans een van die mees aktiewe en diverse navorsingsvelde wat wetenskaplikes wêreldwyd ontgin - hoofsaaklik as gevolg van nuwe verskynsels op molekulêre en atomiese vlak. In die nanotegnologie-navorsingsveld is die vereiste dat daar voortdurend meer effektiewe metodes gevind moet word om die al hoe meer miniatuurwordende elektroniese meganismes met verbeterde energieverbruik, spoed en ruimtebesparende vermoëns tot stand te bring. Dit is duidelik dat in hierdie toonaangewende navorsingsveld, waar tegnologiese ontwikkeling voorturend en snelgroeiend is, dit dikwels vinniger is om reeds bestaande toerusting aan te pas en te moderniseer ten einde in pas te bly met nuutontwikkelde en ontwikkelende tegnologieë. Die doel van die werk verrig, wat hier beskryf word, was om 'n nuwe deponeerstelsel, sowel as 'n droogets stelsel te bou. Bestaande apparaat is opgradeer deur verandering aan te bring. Die uiteintelikke doel is die vervaarding van beter nano-strukture, en terselfde tyd om kostes te bespaar. Nuwe stelsels en toerusting is gebou om tred te hou met tegnologiese vooruitgang. Om die belangrikheid van die verskillende tipes toerusting wat in die vervaardiging van dunlaag- supergeleierlae gebruik word te verstaan, sal 'n oorsig van die volledige vervaardigingsproses van 'n Josephson-patroon gegee word. Die apparaat wat gebruik is, sal beskryf en krities ontleed word en die tekorte in ontwerp sal uitgelig word, terwyl verbeterings aangetoon sal word. Sommige van die toerusting het voorheen bestaan en is aangepas, byvoorbeeld die plasmalaser-neerleggingstelsel, die litografiestelsel en die toetsfasiliteit. Nuwe ontwerpstelsels is gebou om die gehalte van ons dunlaagsupergeleiers verder te verbeter. Dit sluit die silindriese plasma deponeer stelsel, die Argon-ioon bron en die substraatverwarmer in. In hierdie tesis word daar eerstens 'n oorsig gegee van die totstandkomingsproses van 'n supergeleier kwantum-interfensiemeganisme, beginnende met dunlaagneerslag van YBCO (Yttrium, Barium en Koperoksied). Die oorsig word gevolg deur 'n stap-virstap beskrywing van elke daaropvolgende proses wat lei tot die voltooiing van die meganisme. Daarna word die toetsprosedure van die dunlaag en instrumente verduidelik. Bykomende veranderinge wat aan bestaande instrumente aangebring is (ten einde die dunfilmlae te verbeter en die toetsfasiliteit op te gradeer) word ook bespreek. Daar sal ook verwys word na artikels wat in verskeie joernale verskyn het oor die vernuwende aanpassings en sisteme wat in hierdie tesis verduidelik word. Ten slotte sal die resultate van die verbeterde dunlae en strukture getoon word. Kortom: die hele proses is ontleed en opgegradeer om 'n verbeterde apparaatvervaardigingsfasiliteit tot gevolg te hê.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Orientador: Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Conceição Aparecida Cossa / Resumo: A Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britt & Wilson é uma importante espécie medicinal de uso popular conhecida como erva cidreira brasileira. Trata-se de um arbusto, cujas folhas frescas ou secas e inflorescências são utilizadas na forma de chás, macerados, compressas, pomadas, banhos e extratos alcoólicos. Suas folhas apresentam ação antiespasmódica, moluscicida, fungicida, calmante e digestiva. Considerando, a) a inexistência de estudos sobre a L. alba em hidroponia b) a utilização de solução nutritiva para atender as necessidades da espécie, fornecendo nutrientes de maneira balanceada e possibilitando a produção de plantas com adequada qualidade e em menor espaço de tempo, c) a necessidade de produção de matéria prima para uso medicinal popular e farmacêutico, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento e as trocas gasosas de L. alba submetida à variação das concentrações dos nutrientes a partir da diluição da solução nutritiva de Hoagland e Arnon (1950). Assim, as plantas foram cultivadas em quatro tratamentos, constituídos pela variação de nutrientes na solução nutritiva n°2 de Hoagland e Arnon (1950), ou seja, em solução completa (100%) e diluída à 80%, 60% e 40% em relação à completa. As variáveis avaliadas foram área foliar, massas secas dos diferentes órgãos, razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE), razão de massa foliar (RMF), taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa de assimilação de CO2 (A, mmolCO2 m-2 s-1), condutância estomática (gs, mol m-2s-1), transpiração (E, mmol H2O m-2 s-1), concentração intercelular de CO2 na folha (Ci, mmolCO2 mol-1ar) e eficiência de uso da água (EUA). Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que: 1. As concentrações dos nutrientes na solução nutritiva, de maneira geral, foram excessivas para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britt & Wilson is a native species popular known as "erva-cidreira brasileira". It is a shrub who's fresh or dried leaves and flowers are used as teas, macerated, bandages, ointments, baths and alcoholic extracts. Its leaves have an antispasmodic, molluscicidal, fungicidal, sedative and digestive. Considering a) the lack of studies about L. alba in hydroponic cultivation b) the use of nutrient solution to meet the needs of the species, providing nutrients in a balanced manner and enabling the production of plants with adequate quality and in shortest time, c) the need for production of raw materials for folk medical and pharmacist, the present study evaluate the development and gas exchange of L. alba subjected to varying concentrations of nutrients from the dilution of Hoagland and Arnon (1950). Thus, plants were grown in four treatments, consisting by variation of nutrients in the nutrient solution No 2 of Hoagland and Arnon (1950), full solution (100%), diluted to 80%, 60% and 40% compared to the full. Variables evaluated were leaf area, dry masses of different organs, leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass ratio (LMR), absolute growth rate (AGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), rate relative growth (RGR), rate of CO2 assimilation (A, molCO2 m m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (gs, mol m-2s-1), transpiration (E, mmol H2O m-2 s -1), intercellular CO2 concentration in the leaf (Ci, molCO2 m mol-1AR) and efficiency of water use (USA). The results showed that: 1. The concentrations of nutrients in the nutrient solution, in general, were excessive for the development and gas exchange of Lippia alba, 2. The cultivation of the species with a dilute solution of 80% resulted in higher total dry matter in the shortest time possible, which, however, was highest among the various treatments, 3. Diluted solutions at 60 and 40% ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Ciniro Costa / Resumo: Esta pesquisa avaliou os efeitos dos processamentos ensilagem, extrusão e secagem do milho e de sorgo sem tanino e com tanino sobre a composição química e a cinética de digestão ruminal da matéria seca e da proteína bruta. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 3 X 3, sendo três tipos de grãos (milho, sorgo sem tanino e sorgo com tanino) e três processamentos (seco, ensilado e extrusado). Para a avaliação da composição química e do tanino e para o experimento de degradabilidade utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, em um esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 3, sendo três tipos de grãos (milho, sorgo com tanino e sorgo sem tanino), três formas de processamentos (moído seco, ensilagem e extrusão) e três blocos (animais) com a técnica de degradação ruminal in situ. Os valores encontrados para os teores de proteína bruta estiveram entre 8,7 e 10,7% para o milho e entre 9,9 e 11,1% para o sorgo. Os teores de extrato etéreo sofreram modificações com o processamento nos três tipos de grãos, onde se constatou redução significativa com a secagem, a ensilagem e a extrusão em relação ao material úmido nos três grãos. Para os teores de fenóis, tanino total e tanino condensado houve efeito de híbrido, de processamento e da interação entre eles. O sorgo com tanino apresentou teores mais elevados de fenóis, tanino total e tanino condensado do que o sorgo sem tanino. Embora a composição do milho e dos dois híbridos de sorgo tenha sido similar a interação desses ingredientes no ambiente ruminal associada a presença do tanino, proporcionou diferenças na degradabilidade da matéria seca. Conclui-se que o sorgo sem tanino deve ser ensilado ou extrusado, enquanto o sorgo com tanino deve ser extrusado por melhorar a degradabilidade e a disponibilidade de nutrientes no rúmen. / Abstract: This research evaluated the effects of the high moisture silage processing, extrusion and drying of corn and of sorghum with and without tannin on the chemical composition and dry matter degradability ruminal. The assay design was entirely randomized arranged in a factorial (3x3), with three types of grains (corn, sorghum without tannin and sorghum with tannin) and three types of processing (dry, high moisture silage and extruded). Tannin chemical evaluation and the degradability were evaluated in a blocks randomized design. The treatments were arranged in a factorial (3x3x3), with three types of grains (corn, sorghum with tannin and sorghum without tannin), three forms of processing (dry, high moisture silage and extrusion) and three animals. Degradation ruminal in situ technique was used. The values crude protein ranged between 8,7 and 10,7% for corn and between 9,9 and 11,1% for sorghum. The ethereal extract values of the three types of grains changed with the processing. Significant reduction was verified, in the three grains, with drying, high moisture silage and extrusion correlated to the moisture material. Phenol values, total tannin and condensed tannin was affected by the hybrid, processing and by the interaction among them. Sorghum with tannin showed elevated phenol values, total tannin and condensed tannin than sorghum without tannin. Although the composition of corn and the two hybrid of sorghum it has been similar, the interaction of those ingredients in the ruminal ambient associated with the presence of tannin provided differences in dry matter degradability. It is ended that sorghum without tannin should be ensiled or extruded, while sorghum with tannin should be extruded for improving degradability and readiness of dry matter in the rumen. / Doutor

Les filières avancées CMOS et photonique nécessitent des procédés d’implantation utilisant des conditions beaucoup plus agressives en terme de dose et d’énergie que pour les générations de dispositifs précédentes. Cela n’est pas sans conséquences sur les étapes technologiques suivantes notamment l’étape de retrait de la résine implantée par plasma. En effet, pendant l’implantation, la résine subit le bombardement des ions et une couche modifiée appelée « croûte » se forme à la surface. Il est difficile de retirer cette couche sans laisser de résidus et sans consommer les matériaux en présence avec les procédés de retrait actuels et les chimies conventionnelles. Ce travail de thèse se concentre dans un premier temps sur la caractérisation de la résine implantée afin de comprendre les modifications induites par l'implantation dans la résine et la mise en place d’un protocole expérimental pour étudier ces résines. Le phénomène prépondérant observé est la réticulation de la résine ainsi qu’une diminution de la quantité d’oxygène et d’hydrogène contenus dans la résine ce qui a pour conséquence une augmentation de sa densité et de sa dureté. Fort de cette compréhension, les procédés de retrait de la résine plasma par les chimies conventionnelles ou de nouvelles chimies ont été étudiés, le but étant de ne pas laisser de résidus, d’avoir le minimum d'impact sur les substrats et d’atteindre une vitesse de retrait la plus rapide possible. Les chimies oxydantes ont montré les plus grandes vitesses de retrait mais des résidus de SiO2 provenant de la pulvérisation du substrat sont toujours présents. Au contraire, les chimies réductrices sont efficaces pour retirer les résidus mais ont une vitesse de retrait plus faible. Avec ces chimies contenant de l’hydrogène, deux phénomènes ont pu être observés : le popping et le blistering qui correspondent respectivement à la formation de bulles dans la résine et dans le substrat. Ces phénomènes ont été étudiés et des solutions ont été apportées. / Stripping photoresist after High Dose Implantation (HDI) is becoming a critical step with the increase of both implantation acceleration energy and dose. During this step, the photoresist is bombarded by the ions and a modified layer called “crust” is formed at the surface. This layer is difficult to remove with current processes and plasma chemistries without leaving residues and damaging the materials in presence. This study focuses first on the implanted photoresist characterization to understand the photoresist modifications induced by the implantation on the setting of robust experimental protocols. The major phenomenon observed is the resist crosslinking with a decrease of the oxygen and hydrogen content which results in an increase of photoresist density and hardness. Thanks to this understanding, the dry strip process using standard or alternative chemistries has been studied in terms of residues removal efficiency, impact on substrate and ashing rate. The oxidative chemistries allow to achieve the highest ashing but some SiO2 residues coming from substrate sputtering remain. On the contrary, the reductive chemistries are efficient to remove residues but the ashing rate is lower. Besides with such chemistries containing hydrogen, two phenomena are observed: photoresist popping and blistering in the silicon substrate. These issues are studied and solutions are proposed.

Submitted by Francisco das Chagas Santos de Oliveira (francisco.oliveira63@hotmail.com) on 2018-07-02T21:50:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DEFINITIVA.pdf: 1020140 bytes, checksum: 23a863728dda618ce113cd0231e93e4c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-07-03T13:18:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_fcs_me_jabo.pdf: 1020140 bytes, checksum: 23a863728dda618ce113cd0231e93e4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T13:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_fcs_me_jabo.pdf: 1020140 bytes, checksum: 23a863728dda618ce113cd0231e93e4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-06 / A cultura do milho verde é importante fonte de renda para pequenos agricultores no estado do Maranhão com o consumo in natura das espigas durante o ano todo, no entanto, ainda é pouco o que se sabe sobre a interferência das plantas daninhas nesta cultura, bem como o período adequado de controle. Desta forma, objetivou-se identificar as principais plantas daninhas e determinar os períodos de interferência na cultura do milho verde variedade Al Bandeirante. O experimento foi realizado no ano de 2017 no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de 11 períodos crescentes de controle e convivência com as plantas daninhas a partir do plantio: (0, 0-7, 0-14, 0-21, 0-28, 0-35, 0-42, 0-49, 0-56, 0-63, 0-70). Nestes períodos foram realizadas a identificação das plantas daninhas e a avaliação da produtividade da cultura para determinação do período anterior à interferência (PAI), do período total de prevenção a interferência (PTPI) e do período crítico de prevenção a interferência (PCPI). As plantas daninhas mais importantes identificadas na cultura do milho verde foram Cyperus spp, Panicum trichoides, Spermacoce latifolia, Mitracarpus hirtus. O PAI foi aos 16 DAE, o PTPI ocorreu aos 6 DAE, não havendo PCPI. Portanto, o controle das espécies identificadas neste estudo dever ser realizadas a qualquer tempo compreendido entre a emergência e os 16 dias do ciclo do milho no município de São Luís, estado do Maranhão. / Maize crop is the most important income source to small farmers in Maranhão state due to natural consumption of spikes during whole year. However, there is few information about of weeds interferences in corn, as well as appropriate period of control. The aim of this study was to identify main weeds and to determine periods of interference in culture of green corn Al Bandeirante. The experiment was conduct in randomized complete block design with four replications in 2017. The treatments consisted of 11 growing periods of control and coexistence with weeds from planting: (0, 0-7, 0-14, 0-21, 0-28, 0-35, 0-42, 0-49, 0-56, 0-63, 0- 70). During this periods were identified and analized crop productivity and its interference (FATHER), total period of interference prevention (PTPI), also critical period of interference prevention (PCPI). Thus, the most important weeds identified in green corn crop were Cyperus spp, Panicum trichoides, Spermacoce latifolia, Mitracarpus hirtus. As a result, the FATHER was at 16 DAE, PTPI occurred at 6 DAE, and there was no PCPI. Therefore, control of species identified in this study should be performed in any time, between emergency and 16 days of corn cycle in São Luís city, Maranhão state.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-16T13:14:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KátiaTLL_DISSERT.pdf: 805960 bytes, checksum: 7a77076eaccd692a619d926c4395a939 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-16T13:14:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KátiaTLL_DISSERT.pdf: 805960 bytes, checksum: 7a77076eaccd692a619d926c4395a939 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective was to evaluate the ruminal degradability of dry matter, and physicochemical parameters of the rumen fluid of sheep fed with bagasse pseudofruit cashew dehydrated replacing sorghum silage. Were used four crossbred sheep of Santa Inês x Morada Nova, fistulated in the rumen with na average weight of 30 ± 0.5 kg. Experimental tests were composed of four treatments, representing increasing levels of substitution of (BPCD) in sorghum silage, consisting of the levels of 0%, 8%, 16% and 24%, based on natural matter. We evaluated the potential degradability (PD) and effective (ED) of dry matter and the physical and chemical characteristics of rumen fluid (pH, temperature, ammonia nitrogen, methylene blue reduction time, flotation and sedimentation time, color, smell and consistency). The experimental design was a Latin square 4x4, with four substitution levels and four collection periods of rumen fluid after feeding, and the data submitted to analysis of variance and regression testing. The pH did not differ between treatments (P> 0.05). The temperature there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) on the basis of replacement levels of assessed BPCD, however, differed in terms of collection times. The ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) presented significant difference (P <0.05); (P <0.01) according to the replacement levels BPCD and the rumen fluid sampling times after feeding. The methylene blue reduction time and flotation and sedimentation time significant differences (P <0.05); (P <0.01). The physical characteristics of rumen fluid were within the normal patterns. The potential degradability of dry matter with the addition of 24% of the cashew bagasse, has obtained value near of sorghum silage with 0% of cashew bagasse. The effective degradability of dry matter increased with the addition of BPCD, reaching higher values in the level of 24%. Results showed that the substitution of bagasse pseudofruit cashew dehydrated in sorghum silage did not affect the rumen environment, with potential degradability of dry matter silage next to the pure and higher effective degradability and can be used in up to 24% in diets for sheep / Objetivou-se avaliar a degradabilidade da matéria seca e as características físicoquímicas do ambiente ruminal de ovinos alimentados com bagaço do pseudofruto do caju desidratado em substituição a silagem de sorgo. Foram utilizados quatro ovinos mestiços de Santa Inês x Morada Nova fistulados no rúmen, com peso médio de 30 ± 0,5 kg. Os ensaios experimentais foram compostos por quatro níveis de substituição do bagaço do pseudofruto do caju desidratado (BPCD) na silagem do sorgo, constituído pelos níveis de 0%, 8%, 16% e 24%, com base na matéria natural. Foram avaliados a degradabilidade potencial (DP) e efetiva (DE) da matéria seca e as características físico-químicas do líquido ruminal (pH, temperatura, nitrogênio amoniacal, tempo de redução do azul de metileno, tempo de sedimentação e flotação, cor, odor e consistência). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4x4, com quatro níveis de substituição do BPCD e quatro períodos de coleta do líquido ruminal após a alimentação, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância e teste de regressão. O pH não apresentou diferença entre os níveis de substituição (P>0,05). A temperatura não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) em função dos níveis de substituição do BPCD avaliados, no entanto, diferiu em função dos tempos de coleta. O nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) apresentou diferença significativa (P<0,05); (P<0,01) em função dos níveis de substituição do BPCD e dos tempos de coletas do líquido ruminal após a alimentação. O tempo de redução do azul de metileno e o tempo de sedimentação e flotação apresentaram diferenças significativas (P<0,05); (P<0,01). As características físicas do líquido ruminal se mostraram dentro dos padrões normais. A degradabilidade potencial da matéria seca com a substituição de 24% do bagaço de caju desidratado, obteve valor próximo ao da silagem de sorgo com 0% de bagaço de caju. A degradabilidade efetiva da matéria seca aumentou com o acréscimo do BPCD, atingindo valores superiores no nível de 24%. Os resultados demostraram que a substituição do bagaço do pseudofruto de caju desidratado na silagem de sorgo não comprometeu o ambiente ruminal, apresentando degradabilidade potencial da matéria seca próxima à da silagem de sorgo pura e degradabilidade efetiva superior, podendo ser utilizado em até 24% em dietas para ovinos / 2017-03-14

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-23T19:49:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DayanneTSN_DISSERT.pdf: 1338268 bytes, checksum: 2ceb62e733ae7b4bf23609d3ab99716a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T14:44:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DayanneTSN_DISSERT.pdf: 1338268 bytes, checksum: 2ceb62e733ae7b4bf23609d3ab99716a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T14:44:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DayanneTSN_DISSERT.pdf: 1338268 bytes, checksum: 2ceb62e733ae7b4bf23609d3ab99716a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-13T14:45:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DayanneTSN_DISSERT.pdf: 1338268 bytes, checksum: 2ceb62e733ae7b4bf23609d3ab99716a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / During the process of germination, water absorption by the seeds is crucial in the recovery of metabolic activity, and all the factors that control the physiological events involved in the germination process are influenced by temperature. This process is also worth noting the degree of tolerance of seeds to salinity, and contaminants such as oil. Poincianella pyramidalis is endemic to the Caatinga and commonly indicated for recovery of degraded areas. This work aims to analyze the tolerance of this species to different electrical conductivities and temperatures during their soaking process water and germination, as well as their tolerance for different times of immersion in oil. The experiment absorption was developed under a completely randomized design in a factorial 5 x 7 x 3, 5 salinities, temperatures 7 and 3 repetitions. The seeds were weighed at various periods of time until the stabilization of the absorption curve. The germination experiment was conducted using the seeds from the water absorption test, developed under a completely randomized design in a factorial 5 x 5 x 3, 5 salinities, temperatures 5 and 3 repetitions. The germination evaluations were performed daily until the stabilization of the same. The experiment oil was developed under a completely randomized design in a factorial 5 x 4, 5 treatments and 4 repetitions. The periods of immersion times oil employed were 0; 5; 60; 720 and 1440 minutes. During the process of water absorption, the increase of EC caused a reduction of AAmax and TAAmáx, and the temperature increase caused reduction only tAA50%. In the process of germination, the increase of EC resulted in decreased Gmáx and increased TG50%, while increasing temperature had a positive influence to 27°C at Gmax and TGmax, however, reduced the TG50%, and t.TGmax. The oil seed negatively impacts, reduced Emax and TEmax, while t.E50% and t.TEmax were prolonged / Durante o processo de germinação, a absorção de água pelas sementes é fundamental na retomada das atividades metabólicas, e todos os fatores que controlam os eventos fisiológicos envolvidos no processo germinativo sofrem influência da temperatura. Nesse processo também é válido observar o grau de tolerância das sementes à salinidade, e à contaminantes como o petróleo. Poincianella pyramidalis é endêmica da Caatinga e comumente indicada para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a tolerância dessa espécie à diferentes condutividades elétricas e temperaturas durante seu processo de embebição de água e germinação, bem como sua tolerância a diferentes tempos de imersão em petróleo. O experimento de absorção foi desenvolvido sob o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 7 x 3, sendo 5 salinidades, 7 temperaturas e 3 repetições. As sementes foram pesadas em diversos períodos de tempo até a estabilização da curva de absorção. O experimento de germinação foi desenvolvido utilizando as sementes provenientes do teste de absorção de água, desenvolvido sob o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 5 x 3, sendo 5 salinidades, 5 temperaturas e 3 repetições. As avaliações da germinação foram efetuadas diariamente até a estabilização da mesma. O experimento com petróleo foi desenvolvido sob o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, sendo 5 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os períodos de tempos de imersão em petróleo empregados foram de 0 ; 5 ; 60; 720 e 1440 minutos. Durante o processo de absorção de água, o aumento da CE ocasionou a redução da AAmáx e da TAAmáx, e o aumento da temperatura provocou redução apenas no tAA50%. No processo de germinação, o aumento da CE ocasionou decréscimo na Gmáx e aumento no tG50%, enquanto que o aumento da temperatura interferiu positivamente até 27°C na Gmáx e na TGmáx, porém, reduziu o tG50%, e o tTGmáx. O petróleo afetou negativamente as sementes, reduziu a Emáx e a TEmáx, enquanto que o t.E50%, e o t.TEmáx foram prolongados / 2017-03-23

I industrilokaler består golven i många fall av betong. Det är ett problem när dessa golv spricker på grund av krympning eller temperaturvariationer. Idag finns tekniker som på ett bra sätt förklarar orsaker till dessa sprickor och om dessa tekniker kombineras på ett korrekt sätt skulle sprickbildningen kunna förutses och undvikas. Behovet att utveckla ett pålitligt och användarvänligt system för beräkning av sprickrisken i industrigolv är därav stort. Att ta fram en metod för avgörande av sprickbildning på grund av krympning är syftet med detta arbete. Krympning är definierat som reduktionen i volym av en obelastad betongyta som befinner sig under konstant temperatur och anges som en töjning, ߝ ௌு . Det orsakas främst av den förminskning av vatten i betongen som sker under betongens härdningstid. Krympning kan ske antingen helt autogent genom att försegla betongen eller kombinerad autogen- och uttorkningskrympning då betongprovet tillåts torka fritt utåt i en eller flera riktningar. Det finns programvaror som kan beräkna temperaturförloppet i en torkande betong och även fukthalten och spänningarna. Dessa programvaror kommer att utnyttjas i detta arbete för att utveckla en metod för bedömning av sprickrisken. Utgångspunkten är laboratoriemätningar på krympning för åtta olika betongrecept samt beräkningar för ett typfalls förångningsbara vattenhalt genom hela tvärsnittet. Anpassningar till dessa görs med hjälp av minstakvadratmetoden och problemlösaren i Excel som använder sig av icke-linjär regressionsanalys GRG. Utgångspunkten för att ta fram de nödvändiga krympparametrarna: ultimat referenskrympning, den empiriska konstanten som avgör krökningen av krympningsutvecklingen samt en empirisk parameter som representerar tiden då lutningen på krympningen förändras i tid, är en funktion för att beräkna töjningen i betongprovet som uppstår på grund av krympningen. Viktigt för beräkningar av krympningen är den temperaturekvivalenta tiden som dock inte har någon inverkan på de beräkningsfall där betongen härdar inomhus i 20°C. Krympparametrarna kan införas i olika vertikala punkter i en betonggjutning i programvaran ConTeSt som sedan kan beräkna temperatur- och spänningsutvecklingen i betongen. Dessa jämförs med betongens hållfasthet och ett resultat om utnyttjandegraden uttryckt som spänning/hållfasthetskvot uppnås. Alla analyserade recept och fall i detta arbete får resultatet att de spricker på grund av krympningen. Dock är dessa resultat inte korrekta då fel mekaniska materialegenskaper var tvunget att användas. Om de testade fallen spricker eller inte är dock inte syftet med arbetet. Beräkningarna gick igenom och ett resultat åstadkoms vilket var det som behövde undersökas. Metoden fungerar men är inte användarvänlig. Det är mycket manuell inmatning och det vore av stor betydelse för framtida användning av denna metod att en förbättrad och enklare programvara med de rätta funktionerna finns tillgänglig.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate and compare production of biomass and dry matter of silage corn hybrids with different time of earliness - Ronaldinio (Z 240/S 250), Agro Vitallo (Z 270/S 280) and Balasco (Z 370/S 380). This experiment was realized on a field near České Budějovice ( 400 m.a.s.l.) and the resuls were compared to results of a pilot plant experiment realised by KWS OSIVA s.r.o. in ZOD Podhradí Choustník ( 562 m.a.s.l.). All startings of phonological phases were studied according to BBCH-scale in the course of vegetation period. Samples were taken before the harvest to test for contents of dry matter in biomass. They were used to determine the optimal harvest period. These parametres were observed during the harvest : plant height, biomass yield, dry matter of biomass, corncobs yield, share of corncobs, dry matter of corncobs, dry matter yield. The resuls showed succesful use of corn hybrids with higher FAO number (Balasco) in areas of less favourable conditions. Corn is one of the plants very dependent on the course of the year.