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Η λεκάνη του Αμυνταίου-Πτολεμαΐδας είναι μέρος μιας τεκτονικής τάφρου που εκτείνεται από την πόλη του Μοναστηρίου (FYROM) μέχρι την Κοζάνη, με μέσο απόλυτο υψόμετρο +600 m και με γενική διεύθυνση ΒΒΔ-ΝΝΑ. Η Νεογενής λεκάνη της Πτολεμαϊδας είναι το κύριο ενεργειακό κέντρο της Ελλάδας, φιλοξενώντας ένα από τα μεγαλύτερα λιγνιτικά κέντρα του κόσμου. Τα ιζήματα που μελετήθηκαν είναι από τα ορυχεία του Νότιου Πεδίου και του Τομέα 6. Ορυκτολογικές αναλύσεις πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε δείγματα λιγνίτη και εργαστηριακής τέφρας (350oC and 750oC). Τα δείγματα αναλύθηκαν σε διαφορετικές θερμοκρασίες,με σκοπό τον προσδιορισμό των πεδίων σταθερότητας των ορυκτών. Επιπλέον πραγματοποιήθηκαν γεωχημικές αναλύσεις στα δείγματα λιγνίτη και εργαστηριακής τέφρας 350,550,750,950οC για να μελετηθεί η κινητικότητα των ιχνοστοιχείων κατα την καύση. Προσδιορίστηκαν οι συγκεντρώσεις των στοιχείων Ag, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ga, Se, Sr, U, V, Zn, Hg και Hf με χρήση του ICP-MS. / The Amyntaion – Ptolemais basin is a NNW – SSE trending graben system that extends over a distance of 250km from Monastiri, in the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia to Servia, southeast of Kozani Greece. The Neogene basin of Ptolemais is the main energy centre of Greece, hosting one of the biggest lignite centers of the world. The sediments under study are from the areas Notio Field and Tomeas-6 open pits. Mineralogical analysis of lignite and ashed samples (350oC and 750oC) was carried out using Bruker D8 Advance x-ray diffractometer. Four samples (NP2,NP4, T6-2 and T6-4) analysed in different temperatures to carry out conclusions about the fields of stability of minerals. Geochemical analysis of the Notio – field and Tomeas -6 field were carried out in order to predict the mode of occurrence of trace elements and their mobility during coal combustion. The lignite and ash samples (350oC, 550oC, 750oC, 950oC) were digested in microwave furnace using acids. The concentrations of Ag, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ga, Se, Sr, U, V, Zn, Hg and Hf were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP – MS).

PEREIRA, Cieusa Maria Calou e. Análise da problemática do lixo nas romarias em Juazeiro do Norte - Ce. 2005. 164 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2005. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-04-27T16:34:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_cmcpereira.pdf: 2741667 bytes, checksum: 9c367fe5fd04f0f974b67d3df7085400 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-04-27T16:35:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_cmcpereira.pdf: 2741667 bytes, checksum: 9c367fe5fd04f0f974b67d3df7085400 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_cmcpereira.pdf: 2741667 bytes, checksum: 9c367fe5fd04f0f974b67d3df7085400 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / The present work analyzes, in Juazeiro do Norte – Ceará, waste sdid problematic during the pilgrimages’ days, with enphasis in: social, economical and environmental conditions. This city has a population of 214 thousand inhabitants, which is duplicated during the three religious parties at pilgrimages period. It causes an overload in public services, especially in appropriate waste solid management. The methodology dialectic was used in this research. Initially, this methodology made possible to do diagnosis of waste solid current situation. Moreover, the present research characterized and quantified the waste solid in the days of pilgrimages, identified the negative impacts of those residues and verified who are the produtors. As well as, it analyzed role and responsibility of environmental subject at Municipality of Juazeiro do Norte - Ceará. The deposits of recyclable materials were lifted up to verify the demand and to analyze the situation’s collectors of those materials. The Juazeiro do Norte’s landfill were identified through field research during the period of the municipal administrations between 1980 and 2005. The social actors and their respective educational actions in the city were considered to searching the problem’s solution. The studied subjects were analyzed with base in those elements to enhance that the city of Juazeiro do Norte needs to integrate actions for the administration of the solid residues. A well as, this City needs to act before the inefficiency of the public politics and to implement the Environmental Education as fundamental element in the learning of the ecocitizenship, with the inhabitants' participation and visitors. / O presente trabalho analisa, em Juazeiro do Norte – Ceará, a problemática do lixo durante os dias de romarias, enfocando as condições sociais, econômicas e ambientais do Município. A cidade possui uma população de 214 mil habitantes, a qual é duplicada durante as três festas religiosas que acontecem as romarias, ocorrendo uma sobrecarga nos serviços públicos, especialmente no manejo adequado do lixo. Durante a pesquisa, foi usada metodologia dialética, a qual possibilitou inicialmente fazer diagnóstico da situação atual do lixo, com caracterização e quantificação dos resíduos sólidos nos dias de romarias, identificando-se os impactos negativos desses resíduos e verificando-se quem são os produtores do lixo, seu papel e responsabilidade perante a questão ambiental na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte – Ceará. Além disso, fez-se um levantamento dos depósitos de materiais recicláveis para verificar a demanda e analisou-se a situação dos catadores desses materiais. Identificaram-se, por meio de pesquisa de campo, os lixões de Juazeiro do Norte, utilizando-se como referência às gestões municipais de 1980 até 2005. Consideraram-se também os atores sociais e suas respectivas ações educativas no Município na busca de mitigar o problema. Com base nesses elementos, analisaram-se as questões estudadas, realçando o fato de que a Cidade de Juazeiro do Norte necessita integrar ações para a gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos no Município, assim como, precisa agir diante da ineficiência das políticas públicas e implementar, com a participação dos habitantes e visitantes, a Educação Ambiental como elemento fundamental na aprendizagem do eco-cidadania.

Background: Maternal mental health during pregnancy and its effects on offspring outcomes have received increased attention as a public health concern. This thesis aimed to examine and evaluate current research into the long term effects of maternal antenatal anxiety on offspring’s psychological development and markers of developmental psychopathology. This thesis also aimed to identify protective factors to parental distress during pregnancy. Self-compassion and adult attachment security have been found to be protective psychological factors for ameliorating stress in general adult samples. Therefore the empirical paper aimed to investigate the effect of these factors during the antenatal period. Method: A systematic literature review of prospective studies examining the effects of maternal antenatal anxiety on child psychopathology and neurodevelopment literature identified 16 relevant prospective studies. The empirical study recruited a general population sample of women and their partners during their second trimester of pregnancy. They completed self-report assessments of self-compassion, adult attachment security, mood and antenatal attachment. Neonatal birth outcome data was collected as follow-up data. Results: The systematic literature review results indicate that maternal antenatal anxiety can be measured and does have a negative impact on offspring development. The results also identified a broad risk phenotype, suggesting that interventions should not necessarily only be targeted at women reaching clinical caseness. The review highlighted a lack of specificity regarding possible psychological mechanisms of the relationship between maternal antenatal anxiety and offspring outcomes. The results of the empirical paper indicated that higher levels of self-compassion and attachment security were related to fewer self-reported symptoms of distress in mothers and their partners. Self-compassion was found to mediate the relationship between attachment security and distress in mothers. Neither antenatal attachment nor neonatal birth outcomes were significantly related to attachment security, self-compassion or levels of distress. Conclusions: The results of the systematic review should broaden public health concern. A need for future research is identified in terms of understanding the process of maternal-foetal programming, protective mediating factors and effective interventions. The role of self-compassion as a protective mediating factor is discussed in relation to identification and treatment of distress during the antenatal period.

South Africa is located in the sub tropics with an elevated plateau which is located approximately 1500 m above mean sea level (a.m.s.l). Every year, snow occurs on the mountains of Lesotho, but on occasions this snow descends to lower elevations which impacts on the livelihood of people. Severe weather originating from extra-tropical weather systems has been well documented in South Africa and yet very little research has been done to predict significant snowfall from these weather systems. The main aim of this research is to identify those weather systems responsible for snow and to understand the processes causing snow to form when these systems occur. A comprehensive database of significant snowfall events is supplied from 1981 to 2011. The database is subjectively classified into characteristic synoptic patterns. The snow cases are then objectively classified using self-organising maps (SOMs) to obtain synoptic configurations most typically associated with significant snowfall over South Africa. Case studies which aim to explain the synoptic conditions, formation mechanisms as well as critical surface temperature and relative humidity during snowfall events are described. This is done by analysing each case study with respect to synoptic circulations, surface observations, atmospheric soundings, satellite imagery as well as atmospheric thickness. Conclusions are drawn and critical threshold values of atmospheric thickness, surface temperature and humidity are identified when snowfall occurs. A methodical snow forecasting decision tree is devised. It takes the synoptic classification of circulation patterns during significant snowfall, atmospheric thickness, height of the freezing level, surface temperature, and relative humidity into account. This process is explained by case studies. It is recommended that results from this dissertation are made available to weather forecasters in South Africa and that the results are implemented in the operational forecasting environment. Further case study investigations are suggested, taking the mesoscale processes effects into account. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / am2013 / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / MSc / Unrestricted

The measurement of happiness has received increasing attention in behavior analytic literature. Happiness in individuals with developmental disabilities has been assessed by 1) counting a specific behavior, or 2) sampling constellations of behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the two approaches while observing nine child and teacher dyads at an autism treatment center. Results showed that, overall, a constellation of behaviors can yield similar patterns when compared to a specific behavior count. However, the affect of one person did not predict the affect of the other and similar instructional conditions did not predict affect either. The implications of these results and future directions are discussed.

This thesis adopts Gideon Toury’s model of “Problem of Translation” (2013: 38-45) as a framework of analysis in interpreting research, extrapolating the notion of “translation as process” to community interpreting. Thus, as an attempt to broaden the framework of analysis in community interpreting, this study aims to: 1) Register and classify conflicting situations and coping strategies that community interpreters find and use before, during and after assignments. 2) Understand the types of norms that govern community interpreters’ work. 3) Observe the interplay between institutional norms and interpreters’ actions and interactions. For these purposes, I conducted an exploratory study using Grounded Theory Methodology with 14 participants (9 community interpreters and 5 service providers) in the cities of Toronto, Ottawa, Gatineau, and Montreal. Interpreters’ accounts were triangulated with those of service providers and with institutional codes of ethics for community interpreting. The dialectical analysis carried out across this thesis allowed me to discover that participant interpreters’ coping strategies are twofold: rule bending and rule validating. The major findings shed light on technical aspects of conducting briefings, debriefings, and introductions. Another major finding is the concept of assertiveness, its relevance in the actions and interactions of interpreters, and its potential as a technical competence rather than a social talent. Finally, the challenges and coping strategies presented in the graphics may serve as guidelines for future research.

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AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Objective: To implement and evaluate training session related to smoking during pregnancy for baccalaureate nursing students in rural Southern Appalachia. Design: Nursing students attended training on dangers and intervention techniques related to smoking during pregnancy. Sample: Third year students beginning clinical rotations in obstetrics. Methods: One and one half hour training including pre‐ and post tests. Implementation Strategies: Four months later, a follow‐up survey assessed gains in knowledge, skill, comfort, and willingness to address smoking during pregnancy. Results: During seven semesters, 659 nursing students were trained. Substantial gains in knowledge of issues related to smoking during pregnancy were seen from pre‐ to post testing, and knowledge was retained at 4‐month follow‐up. The percentage of students who felt they lacked skills to intervene with pregnant smokers dropped from 39% at pretest to 6% at same day post test. In addition, the percentage who reported they would be uncomfortable talking with pregnant women about smoking dropped from 10% to 1%; the percentage who indicated they would always make time to address smoking with pregnant women increased from 54% to 87%. While most students did address smoking with multiple pregnant patients during clinicals, and more than half felt the patients benefited from their actions, only 58% were confident in their intervention skills at 4‐month follow‐up. Finally, 83% felt the training had been beneficial, and more than 90% committed to addressing smoking with pregnant patients once they graduated. Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice: Rates of smoking during pregnancy in the rural South are twice as great as national averages and contribute to poor birth and long‐term outcomes for affected women and children. Efforts to intervene during prenatal care with pregnant women have been hampered by lack of knowledge, skill, comfort, and commitment from prenatal providers and their nursing staff. Regional community providers and staff have been reluctant to participate in available trainings, and even those who do seldom exhibit attitude and practice change long term. Therefore, efforts to educate healthcare professionals on the dangers of smoking during pregnancy and to provide necessary skills for intervention efforts may need to occur before students enter practice, and ongoing education may be needed to promote skills and confidence long term. In the rural South, where smoking rates are high and provider efforts to address pregnancy smoking are inconsistent, educating future nurses could have substantial impact on rates of smoking during pregnancy and birth outcomes into the future.

AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Objective: To implement and evaluate training session related to smoking during pregnancy for baccalaureate nursing students in rural Southern Appalachia. Design: Nursing students attended training on dangers and intervention techniques related to smoking during pregnancy. Sample: Third year students beginning clinical rotations in obstetrics. Methods: One and one half hour training including pre‐ and post tests. Implementation Strategies: Four months later, a follow‐up survey assessed gains in knowledge, skill, comfort, and willingness to address smoking during pregnancy. Results: During seven semesters, 659 nursing students were trained. Substantial gains in knowledge of issues related to smoking during pregnancy were seen from pre‐ to post testing, and knowledge was retained at 4‐month follow‐up. The percentage of students who felt they lacked skills to intervene with pregnant smokers dropped from 39% at pretest to 6% at same day post test. In addition, the percentage who reported they would be uncomfortable talking with pregnant women about smoking dropped from 10% to 1%; the percentage who indicated they would always make time to address smoking with pregnant women increased from 54% to 87%. While most students did address smoking with multiple pregnant patients during clinicals, and more than half felt the patients benefited from their actions, only 58% were confident in their intervention skills at 4‐month follow‐up. Finally, 83% felt the training had been beneficial, and more than 90% committed to addressing smoking with pregnant patients once they graduated. Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice: Rates of smoking during pregnancy in the rural South are twice as great as national averages and contribute to poor birth and long‐term outcomes for affected women and children. Efforts to intervene during prenatal care with pregnant women have been hampered by lack of knowledge, skill, comfort, and commitment from prenatal providers and their nursing staff. Regional community providers and staff have been reluctant to participate in available trainings, and even those who do seldom exhibit attitude and practice change long term. Therefore, efforts to educate healthcare professionals on the dangers of smoking during pregnancy and to provide necessary skills for intervention efforts may need to occur before students enter practice, and ongoing education may be needed to promote skills and confidence long term. In the rural South, where smoking rates are high and provider efforts to address pregnancy smoking are inconsistent, educating future nurses could have substantial impact on rates of smoking during pregnancy and birth outcomes into the future.