Products, throughout their life cycle from production to waste management, create emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). This leads to environmental impacts on the climate (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). The consumed products from households are increasing (World Wildlife Fund, 2008) and so is the waste generated from them (Avfall Sverige, n.d.). A more sustainable development generating from circular economy should be focused on to increases the reuse of products and by so reduce the amount of waste generated (Göteborgs Stad, n.d.a.) This study have examined if the use of Free Shops can help the city of Gothenburg to reach higher up the waste management hierarchy towards reuse and prevention, and if carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) can be avoided by using Free Shops.    Two Free Shops with the purpose to increase reuse in Gothenburg have been studied and their effect on GHG emissions, presented as CO2e, have been analysed. A Life Cycle Inventory Study (LCI) has been conducted on all, but two, different materials entering the Free Shops for four weeks, including the production, waste management, transportation and storage. The result of the study shows that a mean of 10 ton CO2e per Free Shop per year can be avoided when reusing at a Free Shop instead of buying new products. This equals leaving a low energy lamp on for approximately 590 years (World Wildlife Fund, 2009) based on a low energy lamp using 0,007 kWh (Eon, 2007). To examine if the Free Shops can reduce the amount of waste disposed of by households in Gothenburg the material entering the Free Shops was weight and analysed to estimate how it corresponded to the amount of waste disposed of. The result shows that the material entering a Free Shop only corresponds to 0.0025 percent of the household waste disposed of in the city. This indicates that Free Shops by themselves will not solve the problem with increasing amounts of waste and emissions from increasing production. However, they can help in a small scale. / <p>20180625</p>

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo levantar dados básicos para posterior composição de indicadores de sustentabilidade, em postos de combustíveis, funilarias e estabelecimentos de lavagem automotiva no município de São Carlos, tendo em vista a busca de soluções para questões sociais, ambientais e econômicas que garantam sustentabilidade nesses tipos de empresas. Foram feitas visitas com entrevistas e aplicação de questionários em cada estabelecimento, coletados resíduos sólidos industriais em quatro estabelecimentos de cada tipo de empresa e em seguida caracterizados esses resíduos. Para a classificação de resíduos foram feitos ensaios de lixiviação e solubilização. Os produtos mais utilizados nas empresas estudadas foram classificados como classe I-perigosos. Apesar disso, os resíduos coletados foram classificados como não perigosos, classe II A - não inertes, possivelmente devido à dissolução dos produtos perigosos. Com base no tratamento dos dados obtidos determinaram-se alguns indicadores que, por vezes, mostraram-se mais eficientes quando analisados em conjunto com outros. Ao se confrontar Indicadores de Consumo com Indicadores de Produção, por exemplo, pôde-se prever a dimensão de lucros e prejuízos sociais, financeiros e, sobretudo ambientais do empreendimento. Constatou-se a partir da análise de indicadores estudados que nas empresas em questão, existe falta de investimentos em pesquisas e tecnologias que garantam desenvolvimento sustentável das mesmas. Existe também carência de investimentos em capacitação de funcionários que busque melhorias na qualidade, no meio ambiente, sociais e na segurança dos trabalhadores, e assegure assim o desempenho sustentável das empresas em foco. / The aim of this research was to raise basic data for composition of Sustainability Indicators in gas stations, car body repair and painting shops and car wash establishments in São Carlos city, in order to find solutions to social, environmental and economical issues. This would ensure sustainability in these businesses. Visits were made with interviews and questionnaires application in each establishment, industrial solid wastes were collected in four establishments of each type of enterprise and then these wastes were characterized. The wastes classification was made by chemical tests. Most products used in studied enterprises were classified as class l-hazardous products. Nevertheless, the collected wastes were classified as non-hazardous waste, class II A- non inert, possibly due to the dissolution of hazardous products. Some indicators have been developed from processing of obtained data. Sometimes indicators proved more efficient when examined together with others. When Consumption Indicators are worked with Output Indicators, for example, the dimension of profits and losses from social, financial and above all environmental area can be provided to the venture. Indicators showed investment in researches and technologies, as well as in training for improvements in quality, environment, social and workers safety would ensure sustainable development in the enterprises.

Proposed office and apartment building is situated in the north-west area of the city of Jihlava. Office and apartment building is designed as four-storey detached house, flat roof with a single casing. There are three shops and common area in the 1st floor. In the second floor there are situated 4 apartments consisting of two rooms and a house cellar in the centre of the house. The third floor is of the same pattern as the second one. In the fourth floor there are 4 apartments consisting either of one room or three rooms and a house cellar in the centre of the house as well. The total number of the apartments is 12. The house is made of building system VELOX.

The subject of this diploma thesis is preparation of design documentation for the execution of the "Polyfunctional building" according to applicable standards and regulations. Roof building is flat single casingroof. This is a "Polyfunctional building" fulfilling the function of a residential and sales. In the underground floor are public garages on the first floor there are shops and accessories for the residential part of the house. The other floors are residential units. All floors are connected by a separate stairs and lift.

Proposed office and apartment buildings are situated in the south-east area of the city of Jihlava Handlovy dvory. Office and apartment buildings are designed as three-storey detached house, flat roof with a single casing. Buildings have rectangle layouts. The Objects are called Object A and Object B. Object A: There are four shops and exchange station in the 1st floor. In the second floor there are situated 4 apartments consisting of two rooms and a house cellar. The third floor is of the same pattern as the second one (again 4 apartments consisting of two rooms and a house cellar). In the object there are 8 apartments altogether. Object B: There are gym, one shop and exchange station in the 1st floor. In the second floor there are situated 4 apartments consisting of three rooms. The third floor is of the same pattern as the second one (again 4 apartments consisting of three rooms). In the object there are 8 apartments altogether. The houses are made of building system VELOX.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the architectural study of the reconstruction and extension of the department store “Centrum“ by an architect Vladimír Karfík, which is situated between the Jánská and Kobližná streets in Brno. This object should have been the highest building in the whole of Europe at its time, but due to the problems, which occurred during the construction, finally only eight storeys out of the original twenty eight were realized. The new object will be a fifteen storey building. Original eight ground floors, from which the last two were subsided, is aligned to a seven storey whole in a new design, and on this unit there is the extension of eight shorter floors, which are on the south side retreating and which are converging to one point like an unfolding fan in the direction to a new extension block with communication and installation cores in the western part. This creates the southern facade of small terraces, and an architectural expression from the perspective of pedestrians acts dynamically and less mighty. The functional utilization is combined, there is a passage with shops, two cafés, services, administration, and on the last floors there is housing. From an architectural point of view the building fits into the structure of urban conservation and the height does not exceed the spires of the church.

This diploma thesis deals about plan of the building Social and shopping center in the city Třebíč and about processing of documentation for this buliding as well. The building is situated in the city area called Borovina. In the building is located multifunction cinema, café and four shops, including their rear. Part of the building containing shops has two floors. Part of the building including café and multifunction cinema is designed as a single-storey. The supporting system of the building consists of monolithic reinforced concrete frame. Infill walls of the building is made by structural system Heluz. The building is covered with flat roofs. The building is designed from traditional building materials.

THE THESIS DEALS WITH PROBLEMS OF SANITARY INSTALLATIONS IN OFFICE BUILDING WITH SHOPS IN THE CITY OF BRNO. THE THEORETICAL PART FOCUSES OPTIONS OF PREPARING HOT WATER. EXPERIMENTAL PART FOCUSES ON DRINKING WATER CONSUMPTION. ANOTHER PART FOCUSES TO OPTIONS OF SPECIALIZATION. THE LAST PART OF THESIS FOCUSES TO SELECTED SANITARY INSTALLATIONS IN BUILDING.

La presente investigación busca comprender el comportamiento de revisita de los compradores de Lima Metropolitana en las cafeterías o tiendas de café por concepto. Por ello, se han analizado variables como imagen de marca, satisfacción y lealtad de marca en relación a la intención de revisita de los usuarios en estos establecimientos. Las investigaciones presentadas por los autores como base bibliográfica han sido desarrolladas en mercados globales pero no en el contexto peruano. Por tanto, el estudio pretende llenar el vacío mediante la realización de un estudio cuantitativo en los coffee shops de Lima Metropolitana, siendo esta la ciudad del Perú más comercial. / This research seeks to understand the return visit behavior of Metropolitan Lima buyers in cafeterias or coffee shops. For this reason, variables such as brand image, satisfaction and brand loyalty have been analyzed in relation to the intention of the users to revisit in these establishments.. The research presented by the authors as a bibliographic base has been developed in global markets but not in the Peruvian context. Therefore, the study aims to fill the gap by conducting a quantitative study in the coffee shops of Metropolitan Lima, which is the most commercial city in Peru. / Trabajo de investigación

Les Grands Magasins du Louvre naissent en 1855 à l’ombre du Grand Hôtel du Louvre, dans un quartier en expansion suite aux travaux de Haussmann, deux ans seulement après la création du Bon Marché. Leur création est fortement liée au projet et au réseau des frères Pereire qui souhaitent développer le commerce et le tourisme de luxe à Paris. Les Grands Magasins du Louvre s’imposent rapidement comme l’un des principaux grands magasins, voire même le plus important par le chiffre d’affaires dans les années 1870-1880, ainsi que par l’espace occupé. En effet, d’abord enclavé par l’hôtel, le magasin conduit par ses deux gérants, Chauchard et Hériot, va engloutir toutes les boutiques environnantes, et s’emparer de l’hôtel en 1875. Ils adoptent ainsi le slogan les « plus vastes magasins du monde ». Ce premier pied dans l’hôtellerie va inciter ses dirigeants à poursuivre leur expansion dans ce domaine en exploitant trois hôtels supplémentaires, le Terminus Saint-Lazare, l’hôtel d’Orsay et le Crillon. Les Grands Magasins du Louvre sera donc le seul grand magasin à avoir investi dans un autre secteur que le commerce pour diversifier ses activités. A la fin du XIXème siècle, le magasin semble connaître son apogée étendant son influence sur le territoire national comme à l’étranger et s’approvisionnant en marchandises du monde entier. Mais la Première Guerre mondiale et surtout la crise économique des années 1930 lui porte un coup dur dont il ne se relèvera pas. En 1939 il dépose une première fois le bilan, avant que cette fermeture soit interrompue par la guerre. Il continuera à survivre après le Second conflit mondial, avant de disparaître définitivement en 1974. / The Grands Magasins du Louvre was born in 1855 in the shadow of the Grand Hôtel du Louvre, in an expanding area following the works of Haussmann, only two years after the creation of the Bon Marché. Their creation is strongly linked to the project and the network of the Pereire brothers who wish to develop trade and luxury tourism in Paris. Louvre shops are quickly becoming one of the leading department stores, and even the most important by turnover in the 1870s and 1880s, as well as occupied space. Indeed, at first locked by the hotel, the store led by its two managers Chauchard and Hériot will engulf all the surrounding shops, as well as the hotel in 1879. They adopt the slogan of "the largest stores in the world". This first foot in the hotel industry will encourage its leaders to continue their expansion in this area by operating three additional hotels, the Terminus Saint-Lazare, the hotel d'Orsay and Crillon. The Grands Magasins du Louvre will therefore be the only department store to have invested in a sector other than commerce to diversify its activities. At the end of the nineteenth century, the store seems to know its heyday extending its influence on the national territory and abroad and sourcing goods from around the world. But the First World War and especially the economic crisis of the 1930s brought him a hard blow which he will not recover. In 1939 it first filed the balance sheet, before the closure was interrupted by the war. It will continue to survive after the Second World War, before finally disappearing in 1974.