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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Följsamhet och postoperativ återhämtning för patienter som följer ett ERAS-program efter ändtarmskirurgi relaterat till intensivvårdssjuksköterskans arbetsområden: en retrospektiv kohortstudie / Compliance and postoperative recovery for patients following a ERAS-program after rectal surgery related to the intensive care nurses’ field of work: a retrospective cohort study

Forsmark, Johannes, Lindqvist, Markus January 2022 (has links)
Introduktion: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) är ett evidensbaserat vårdprogram inom elektiv kirurgi. Studier har visat att följsamhet över 75% till ERAS-programmet har ett förbättrat utfall efter kirurgi i form av mindre komplikationer, kortare length of stay (LOS) och förbättrad återhämtning. Patientens postoperativa återhämtning efter elektiv ändtarmskirurgi med ERAS-programmet kan vara utmanande på grund av illamående, smärta, intravenösa vätskor, mobilisering och typ av kirurgisk metod, vilket kan leda till att patienten drabbas av komplikationer som förlänger LOS. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskor har en viktig roll i den postoperativa fasen för patienter som vårdas enligt ERAS-programmet relaterat till dennes arbetsområden.Syfte: Att studera följsamheten, kortsiktigt resultat och den postoperativa återhämtningen för patienterna som genomgått elektiv ändtarmskirurgi enligt ett ERAS-program relaterat till intensivvårdssjuksköterskans arbetsområden.Metod: Denna studie är en kvantitativ kohortstudie med retrospektiv ansats. Datainsamling genomfördes med hjälp av ERAS Interactive Audit System databas (EIAS), där 393 patienter mötte inklusion- och exklusionskriterierna. Av dom var 231 patienter opererade med öppen kirurgi och 162 patienter med robotkirurgi. Resultat: I den postoperativa fasen var följsamheten till ERAS-programmet 43.5% för öppen kirurgi och 57.7% för robotkirurgi. Det kortsiktiga resultatet, antalet LOS och komplikationer, visade signifikant skillnad mellan de kirurgiska metoderna. Antalet LOS och komplikationer var högre för öppen kirurgi jämfört med robotkirurgi. I den postoperativa återhämtningen för patienterna kunde det observeras flera signifikanta skillnader i utfallet mellan de kirurgiska metoderna. Patienter som opererats med robotkirurgi hade i flertalet områden bättre utfall jämfört med de som opererats med öppen kirurgi.Slutsats: Resultatet i denna studie visade att den totala följsamheten (pre-, intra- och postoperativ följsamhet) för patienter som följer ett ERAS-programmet efter ändtarmskirurgi inte kom upp i den rekommenderade nivån >75% följsamhet. Trots att patienter följde ett standardiserat vårdprogram som ERAS visade det att uppnå en hög följsamhet har sina utmaningar i form av postoperativ återhämtning. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskan har arbetsområden som kan förbättras för att hjälpa patienterna uppnå målen med ERASprogrammet och därmed säkerställa evidensen för ett bättre utfall i form av snabbare återhämtning, minskade komplikationer och kortare LOS.
22

Molecular beam epitaxial growth of rare-earth compounds for semimetal/semiconductor heterostructure optical devices

Crook, Adam Michael 12 July 2012 (has links)
Heterostructures of materials with dramatically different properties are exciting for a variety of devices. In particular, the epitaxial integration of metals with semiconductors is promising for low-loss tunnel junctions, embedded Ohmic contacts, high-conductivity spreading layers, as well as optical devices based on the surface plasmons at metal/semiconductor interfaces. This thesis investigates the structural, electrical, and optical properties of compound (III-V) semiconductors employing rare-earth monopnictide (RE-V) nanostructures. Tunnel junctions employing RE-V nanoparticles are developed to enhance current optical devices, and the epitaxial incorporation of RE-V films is discussed for embedded electrical and plasmonic devices. Leveraging the favorable band alignments of RE-V materials in GaAs and GaSb semiconductors, nanoparticle-enhanced tunnel junctions are investigated for applications of wide-bandgap tunnel junctions and lightly-doped tunnel junctions in optical devices. Through optimization of the growth space, ErAs nanoparticle-enhanced GaAs tunnel junctions exhibit conductivity similar to the best reports on the material system. Additionally, GaSb-based tunnel junctions are developed with low p-type doping that could reduce optical loss in the cladding of a 4 μm laser by ~75%. These tunnel junctions have several advantages over competing approaches, including improved thermal stability, precise control over nanoparticle location, and incorporation of a manifold of states at the tunnel junction interface. Investigating the integration of RE-V nanostructures into optical devices revealed important details of the RE-V growth, allowing for quantum wells to be grown within 15nm of an ErAs nanoparticle layer with minimal degradation (i.e. 95% of the peak photoluminescence intensity). This investigation into the MBE growth of ErAs provides the foundation for enhancing optical devices with RE-V nanostructures. Additionally, the improved understanding of ErAs growth leads to development of a method to grow full films of RE-V embedded in III-V materials. The growth method overcomes the mismatch in rotational symmetry of RE-V and III-V materials by seeding film growth with epitaxial nanoparticles, and growing the film through a thin III-V spacer. The growth of RE-V films is promising for both embedded electrical devices as well as a potential path towards realization of plasmonic devices with epitaxially integrated metallic films. / text
23

Vliv cílené nutriční intervence na pooperační výsledky u pacientů po střevních resekcích / Influence of targeted nutritional intervention on postoperative results in patients after intestinal resections

Hlaváčková, Iva January 2020 (has links)
This diploma thesis is focused on patients who are undergoing surgery - intestinal resection. In a surgical patient, malnutrition is a frequent and significant negative factor that affects postoperative morbidity and lethality. Proper nutritional care has an irreplaceable role in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition. Nutritional elements are part of the perioperative care of the modern ERAS concept, which leads to reduction in the frequency of postoperative complications and a shortening of the hospitalization duration. The concept emphasizes early physical rehabilitation and shortening of the fasting period around the time of the operation, which leads to a significant saving of body protein. The theoretical part describes particular diseases that lead to surgical treatment. Special attention is paid to idiopathic intestinal inflammations and colorectal cancer. It also includes current recommendations of professional companies. The primary objective of the practical part is to compare two groups of patients who underwent intestinal resection. To find out whether targeted nutritional intervention (before, during and after surgery) has an impact on postoperative convalescence, the frequency of complications and the overall length of hospitalization. The aim was also to improve the quality of...
24

ERAS for Cardiac Surgery: Development of a Clinical Practice Guideline for Antifibrinolytic Administration in Cardiac Surgery

Foltz, Christopher Thomas 24 April 2022 (has links)
No description available.
25

Évaluation de l’état nutritionnel et des apports alimentaires lors d’une chirurgie cardiaque dans le cadre de l’approche E.R.A.S.

Beaulieu, Bianca 12 1900 (has links)
La prise en charge nutritionnelle des patients lors d’une chirurgie cardiaque a fait l’objet d’un nombre limité d’études. Ainsi, les lignes directrices de l’approche ERACS (Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery) n’incluent pas de recommandations nutritionnelles qui sont appuyées par des données probantes. L’objectif du mémoire est de présenter l’évolution nutritionnelle périopératoire des patients dans un cadre de soins inspiré par l’approche ERAS et les recommandations nutritionnelles d’ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism). Cet objectif a été poursuivi lors d’une étude observationnelle prospective qui a inclus une collecte de données médicales, notamment l’adhésion à certaines recommandations ERACS, et nutritionnelles, soit une évaluation nutritionnelle préopératoire, l’observation des apports alimentaires postopératoires et l’adhésion aux suppléments nutritionnels oraux. L’évolution clinique de 43 patients de l’Institut de cardiologie de Montréal a été étudiée. Le taux de dénutrition préopératoire, déterminé selon l’Évaluation Globale Subjective, était de 11,6%. L’adhésion à deux recommandations ERACS prédéterminées, soit l’éducation et l’optimisation nutritionnelle préopératoire, était insuffisante pour l’ensemble de l’échantillon. Les apports alimentaires moyens du 1er au 4e jour postopératoire étaient insuffisants comparativement aux recommandations nutritionnelles d’ESPEN. Cependant, 41% des patients avaient des apports en calories et en protéines ≥70% de leurs besoins estimés. La consommation de suppléments nutritionnels oraux a permis d’optimiser les apports nutritionnels. Cette étude est, à notre connaissance, la première à décrire une prise en charge nutritionnelle préopératoire et postopératoire dans le cadre de l’approche ERACS. Les facteurs de risques pouvant expliquer les apports nutritionnels insuffisants, tels que le sexe et les antécédents médicaux, sont explorés. Des suggestions pour optimiser la prise en charge nutritionnelle des patients sont proposées, notamment l’amélioration du dépistage nutritionnel préopératoire et l’enrichissement du menu, ainsi que des pistes de recherche qui pourront être développées dans de futurs travaux. / Nutritional care of cardiac surgery patients has been scarcely studied. Currently, the ERACS (Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery) guidelines do not include high quality evidence-based nutritional recommendations. The aim of this dissertation is to present patients’ nutritional evolution in a care setting inspired by an ERACS approach and ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism) nutritional recommendations. This aim was pursued through an observational prospective study that included a collection of medical data, namely adherence to a number of ERACS recommendations, and nutritional information comprising preoperative nutritional status evaluation, observation of postoperative oral intakes and adherence to oral nutritional supplements. The clinical evolution of 43 Montreal Heart Institute patients was investigated. Malnutrition rates prior to surgery, as evaluated by the Subjective Global Assessment, was 11.6%. Adherence to preoperative nutritional education and optimisation, two predetermined ERACS recommendations, was insufficient for the overall sample. Mean oral intakes from postoperative day 1 to 4 were insufficient, compared to ESPEN nutritional recommendations. However, 41% of patients had calorie and protein intakes ≥ 70% of their estimated requirements. Consumption of oral nutritional supplements lead to higher nutritional intakes. To our knowledge, this study is the first to present patients’ preoperative and postoperative nutritional care within an ERACS pathway. Risk factors associated with insufficient nutritional intakes, such as sex and medical history, are discussed. Suggestions to optimize patients’ nutritional care are presented, namely improvement in preoperative nutritional screening and the addition of enriched foods to the menu, as are research topics that should be further investigated.
26

Optimisation de l’anesthésie du lapin (Oryctolagus cuniculus) par l’application des principes du Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)

Rousseau-Blass, Frédérik 12 1900 (has links)
L’adaptation des principes ERAS à l’anesthésie du lapin pourrait améliorer leur taux de mortalité périopératoire élevé. Le développement d’un protocole IM réversible pourrait raccourcir le réveil et diminuer les complications. Les objectifs de ce mémoire sont 1) d’investiguer la relation entre l’administration d’oxygène et la ventilation et 2) de définir les paramètres PK-PD du midazolam IV midazolam et son antagoniste flumazénil chez le lapin. Dans une étude prospective, randomisée, à l’aveugle, 25 lapins de Nouvelle-Zélande (4 mâles, 21 femelles ; 3,1–5,9 kg ; 1 an) ont été anesthésiés avec l’alfaxalone (4 mg/kg), dexmédétomidine (0,1 mg/kg) et midazolam (0,2 mg/kg) IM et randomisés à attendre 5 (n = 8) ou 10 (n = 17) minutes entre l’injection anesthésique et l’administration d’oxygène (100%) ou air médical (masque,1 L/minute). Avant (PREoxy/air5/10) et 2 minutes après l’oxygène ou l’air médical (POSToxy/air5/10), la fréquence respiratoire (fR), pH, PaCO2, PaO2 ont été investigués. L’hypoxémie (PaO2 < 88 mmHg) était présente à tous les temps PRE : PREoxy5 [71 (61–81) mmHg] ; PREoxy10 [58 (36–80) mmHg] et PREair10 [48 (32–64) mmHg]. L’hypoxémie a persisté avec l’air médical : POSTair10 [49 (33–66) mmHg]. L’administration d’oxygène a corrigé l’hypoxémie, mais était associée avec une diminution de fR (> 70% ; p = 0,016, deux groupes) et de l’hypercapnie (p = 0,016, deux groupes). fR restait inchangé avec l’air médical (p = 0,5). PaCO2 était plus élevé avec l’oxygène que l’air (p < 0,001). L’administration d’oxygène précoce a résolu l’hypoxémie reliée à l’anesthésie, mais a empiré l’hypoventilation démontrant que la stimulation respiratoire hypoxique est un facteur important contribuant à la ventilation lorsque ce protocole anesthésique est utilisé. Dans une étude prospective, randomisée, à l’aveugle et croisé, 15 lapins de Nouvelle-Zélande (7 mâles, 8 femelles; 2,73 – 4,65 kg ; 1 an) ont reçu midazolam IV (1,2 mg/kg) à T0 suivi de flumazénil IV (FLU ; 0,05 mg/kg) ou saline (SAL ; même volume) pour renverser la perte du réflexe de redressement (LORR). Le traitement (FLU/SAL) était injecté 30 secondes après LORR. L’échantillonnage sanguin artériel était analysé avec la technique de chromatographie liquide/spectrométrie de masse. Le temps pour le retour du réflexe de redressement (ReRR) était analysé. Demi-vie, clairance plasmatique and volume de distribution du FLU étaient 26,3 min [95%CI : 23,3–29,3], 18,74 mL/min/kg [16,47–21,00] et 0,63 L/kg [0,55–0,71], respectivement. ReRR était 25 fois plus rapide pour FLU (23 [8–44] secondes) versus SAL (576 [130–1141] secondes ; p<0.001, 95%CI [425–914 secondes]). Le retour de la sédation (LORR) était présent dans les deux groupes (4/13 FLU ; 7/13 SAL) à 1540 [858–2328] secondes. Le flumazénil a rapidement antagonisé la sédation du midazolam. Cependant, le potentiel de resédation après l’utilisation du flumazénil nécessite une surveillance accrue durant la période de réveil. / Adapting ERAS guideline principles to rabbit anesthesia could improve their risk of perioperative mortality which remains elevated. The development of a reversible IM protocol could hasten recovery and decrease complications. The objectives of this thesis were 1) to investigate the relationship between oxygen administration and ventilation, 2) to define PK-PD parameters of IV midazolam and its antagonist flumazenil in rabbits. In a prospective, randomized, blinded study, 25 New Zealand White rabbits (4 males, 21 females; 3.1–5.9 kg; 1 year old) were anesthetized with IM alfaxalone (4 mg/kg), dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) and randomized to a 5 (n = 8) or 10 (n = 17) minutes waiting period between drug injection and oxygen (100%) or medical air administration (facemask, 1 L/minute). Immediately before (PREoxy/air5/10) and 2 minutes after oxygen or medical air (POSToxy/air5/10), respiratory rate (fR), pH, PaCO2, PaO2 were investigated. Hypoxemia (PaO2 < 88 mmHg) was observed at all PRE times. PREoxy5 [71 (61–81) mmHg]; PREoxy10 [58 (36–80) mmHg] and PREair10 [48 (32–64) mmHg]. Hypoxemia persisted when breathing air: POSTair10 [49 (33–66) mmHg]. Oxygen administration corrected hypoxemia but was associated with decreased fR (> 70%; p = 0.016, both groups) and hypercapnia (p = 0.016, both groups). fR was unchanged breathing air (p = 0.5). PaCO2 was higher when breathing oxygen than air (p < 0.001). Early oxygen administration resolved anesthesia-induced hypoxemia, but worsened hypoventilation indicating that hypoxic respiratory drive is an important contributor to ventilation using the studied drug combination. In a prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover study, 15 New Zealand White rabbits (7 males, 8 females; 2.73 – 4.65 kg, 1 year old) received IV midazolam (1.2 mg/kg) followed by IV flumazenil (FLU; 0.05 mg/kg) or saline control (SAL; equal volume) to reverse loss of righting reflex (LORR). Midazolam was injected (T0). Treatment (FLU/SAL) injected 30 seconds after LORR. Arterial blood samples were collected and analyzed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Time to return of righting reflex (ReRR) compared between groups. FLU terminal half-life, plasma clearance and volume of distribution were 26.3 min [95%CI: 23.3–29.3], 18.74 mL/min/kg [16.47–21.00] and 0.63 L/kg [0.55–0.71], respectively. ReRR was 25 times faster in FLU (23 [8–44] seconds) versus SAL (576 [130–1141] seconds; p<0.001, 95%CI [425–914 seconds]). Return of sedation (LORR) occurred in both groups (4/13 in FLU; 7/13 in SAL) at 1540 [858–2328] seconds. Flumazenil quickly and reliably reversed sedation from midazolam injection. However, the potential resedation after flumazenil administration warrants careful monitoring in the recovery period.

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