This study investigated the use and effectiveness of the East Africana Collection in the provision of information and resource for teaching and research at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The East Africana Collection is mainly used as a source of obtaining information by students, lecturers and researchers in and off campus. The Collection's goal is to meet user needs and make available valuable materials and services for the purpose of supporting the learning, teaching and research needs of the University of Dar es Salaam community. Special collections in academic libraries especially in the so-called Third World countries have been suffering from financial constraints. The reduced government budget and the economic problems, have forced some special collections to operate ineffectively without any new incoming materials to supplement the old ones. The East Africana Collection of the University of Dar es Salaam Library which operates as a defacto national research collection in the country has also been affected by the government budget cut. In order to find out the use and effectiveness of the East Africana Collection in the provision of information and resource for teaching and research at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, a study sample consisting of 52 teaching and research staff was chosen from four faculties and three Institutes of the University of Dar es Salaam. The teaching and research staff was surveyed by means of a self-administered questionnaire to investigate the user satisfaction, availability of materials, resources and effectiveness of the services to cater for the information needs of users. Other information requested from respondents related to the East Africana services was library staff services and what problems teaching and research staff encountered when using the Collection's materials and services. A total of36 teaching and research staff (representing 64.9%) responded. The results were analysed manually. Content analysis was used to analyse open ended questions. The results were shown in the form of tables and elaborations. The study revealed that East Africana Collection had experienced heavy use of its materials, services and resources by both students, teachers and researchers within the University community and outside the campus. It is an indication that Collection usage among teaching and research staff was generally very high. However, the Collection faces the problem of lack of sufficient facilities and resources. Whatever the problems users experienced, the majority of the teaching and research staff were aware of the East Africana Collection and its information materials and services. Recommendations and suggestions for the future betterment of the services were made by both researcher and respondents with regard to the findings of the study and the literature reviewed. / Thesis (M.I.S.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2000.

Many early anthropological studies treated pastoralist populations as egalitarian, however there is considerable variation in the resources available to individual households. This thesis considers how resources influence the subsistence system of the pastoral Datoga of Lake Eyasi. The two categories of resources considered are wealth and labour. The labour available to Datoga households does not influence the herding strategies of those households. In turn, the herding strategies do not affect the dynamics of cattle herds. This is because households that are short of labour can arrange for their animals to be herded by members of different households, and there are no discernible costs associated with this. Wealth, defined by livestock holdings, can be measured either as total household wealth, or as wealth per capita. These are conceptually distinct. Among the Datoga, households that are wealthy in terms of total livestock holdings, are also wealthy in terms of wealth per capita, but not proportionally more so. Once households have about five livestock units per capita, any increase in household wealth is used to attract new people to the household, rather than to increase the wealth of existing household members. For many aspects of the production system overall household wealth and wealth per capita have a similar effect, but this is not always the case. In some instances overall household wealth can explain variation between households, whereas wealth per capita cannot. This occurs when the absolute number of animals belonging to a household is important. In terms of provisioning the household and household economics, per capita wealth explains more of the variation between households. Overall the Datoga are struggling to survive. They have been alienated from more fertile areas, and consequently they are poor, and herd productivity is low. This is due to the low reproduction rate of cattle, and the high commercial offtake rate of both cattle and small stock. The high commercial offtake rate is driven by subsistence needs and most income is used to buy grain and veterinary products. However, there is considerable variation between households, and compared to poor households, wealthy households have a comparatively low offtake rate of livestock, in terms of both mortality and sales. Consequently, they are managing to retain their livestock holdings, or in a few cases to increase the size of their herds. However, wealthy households are in the minority, and the majority of households are caught in a declining cycle of poverty, and will eventually be forced to drop out of the pastoral system.

The process which culminated in the establishment of the East African Community (EAC) in 1967 started in the early 1920s. The idea was first conceived in Britain. Initially, East Africans vehemently opposed this idea fearing that it would sustain British hegemony in the region, but their resentment did not prevent the establishment of the East African High Commission (EAHC) in January 1948. It was only in the 1950s and 1960s that East African leaders embraced the idea due to political and economic reasons. In 1961 they converted the EAHC into the East African Common Services Organisation (EACSO) and in 1967 they established the EAC. Nationalism and sub-nationalisms in the region cast a spell on the EAC. The coup, which took place in Uganda in 1971, strained relations between Idi Amin and Presidents Nyerere and Kenyatta thus making it impossible to hold regional meetings. Eventually, the EAC collapsed in June 1977. / Political Science / M.A. (Politics)

The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyse which determinants have an impact on infant mortality in West and East Africa for a year 2012 based on correlation and regression analysis. Representative countries Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal for West Africa and Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda for East Africa, were chosen. From the gained results and information, recommendation for possible better future development of infant mortality is concluded as the outcome of the diploma thesis aim. On base of data analysis, one variable, which influences a development of infant mortality, was not identified, but it can be assumed that a complex of variables affects the infant mortality. In this line with final findings, current strategy of development aid is focused primarily on local activities more than just on financial help.

Iba Ndiaye Diadji, a Senegalese professor of aesthetics, sees water as intrinsic to African ontology. He also argues that water is the most important substance to inspire African artists. (Diadji 2003: 273–275.) Water certainly has a significant role in Swahili poetry, written traditionally by people living on the coast of the Indian Ocean. Swahili poems have used aquatic imagery in expressing different ideas and sensations, in different contexts and times. Water imagery can be found in hundreds of years old Islamic hymns as well as in political poetry written during the colonial German East Africa. This article discusses water imagery in traditional Islamic Swahili poetry.

There is a wide range of contemporary publications dealing with Maji Mai War in German East Africa (1905-1907) during which mor than 100000 people lost their lives as a consequence of brutal fighting, deliberate destruction and famine. Only three of these publications were written by Africans. The Swahili text reprinted here attests the view of Mzee bin Ramadhani, the headman (liwali) of Songea town, after colonial military had gained the upper hand in June 1906. It contains polemic statements against leaders and supporters of the Maji Maji movement and depicts aspects of mutual support of colonial officers and Swahili residents from a local perspective. His article as a whole presents the colonial regime as a non-interfering and supportive factor in regard to the Swahili Diaspora. Thus it is reasonable to assume that in his eyes succesful Swahili men were at least equal in many respects (e.g. linguistic competence, social experience, religious conviction) rather than inferior according to colonial understanding.

Over 50 years ago, Marshall McLuhan (2003), a specialist in communication issues, said that the world is becoming smaller and smaller every starting day, a result of the emergence of modern communication around the world. This situation has given birth to the conept `new technology´. This article will break down this new concept by looking at it through the lens of oral literature, which is used in Swahili communities. However, oral Swahili literature uses Kiswahili language, which is the languagge of communication at different levels throughout East and central Africa. The article will examine the ideals and opinions connected to oral literature described in the existing academic literature, and as one of the genres of narrative literature. It will look at the way in which the concept of new technology is explained by specialists, and in which ways this connects to oral literature. Advantages and effects which came about in the society after the coming of this notion will be discussed. The article ends with a conclusion and possible recommendations.

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The research of this thesis will focus on the performance of farm forestry trees in Mubende district, Uganda. In order to this, the research will help to fill the existing knowledge gap on the performance of farm forestry trees of east Africa specially Uganda. The conducted tree species are Markhamia lutea, Ficus natalensis, Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Anitaris toxicaria, Persea americana, Albizia coriaria and Spathodea campanulata. The selection of the trees was mainly driven through the availability of age information. The trees were measured in height, age, DBH, length of commercial stem, diameter at specific height and visual observations e.g. occurrence and stem quality. To compare the performance of the conducted tree species a regression analysis with eight different functions was carried out for each tree species. The results are reproducible Stand- Height-Curves, height curves, DBH curves and curves for the single tree volume. The decision on the best curve was made on their biological plausibility and their statistical calculations. Additionally, the farmers of the trees were interviewed about their tree species for e.g. purposes of the tree, value of the wood and their own impressions on the growth of the tree species. The recommendation for the best applicable function is the Petterson function for the Stand-Height- Curve and the function of Richards for the height-, DBH- and single tree volume curve. Still these functions shouldn’t be used without comparison to other functions, especially because the used functions were developed for tree stand conditions and not specially for agroforestry conditions were the tree growth is in general higher. Additionally, an upscaling and prediction of the monetary tree values is made on the basis of the single tree volume curves and the interview results. The prediction of the farmers possible income through the cultivation of trees is made for Markhamia lutea, Ficus natalensis, Anitaris toxicaria and Albizia coriaria and assumes that 100 trees are planted on one hectare. Albizia coriaria 3.630 € achieves the highest possible extra income for the farmer followed by Ficus natalensis with 1.300 €, Anitaris toxicaria with 910€ and Markhamia lutea with 880 €. This thesis gives an example on the performance and possible monetary value of tree species in Mubende district, Uganda. Further investigation is needed to fill the knowledge gap in the performance of east African tree species and their values completely. Keywords: performance, tree growth, utilization, Uganda, East-Africa

This case study is conducted through ten weeks of field studies in South-Eastern Uganda. Both authors have received funding from Minor Field Study scholarships. These scholarships were provided by Sida, Sweden's government agency for development cooperation. This entails that the authors are contract bound to comply with the terms and regulations established by Sida and Jönköping University as well as write and submit a report to the Swedish Council of Higher Education upon return to Sweden.  Without the substantial contributions from the local community in Kamuzinda and neighbouring villages, this thesis would not have been completed. First and foremost, profound gratitude is expressed to the many people who contributed to making this study a reality, be it big or small. This includes our supervisor Åsa Westermark, who has been of great help and guidance throughout the entire research process. Secondly, we want to thank Uganda Child Care Sweden for a productive collaboration, with special recognition to Ponsiano Nyombi and Rebecca Nanyanzi for their welcoming hearts and support throughout our entire stay in Uganda. Lastly, we are forever grateful to the people who brought us into their homes and were willing to share their life stories with us. It is your participation and kindness that made this thesis possible.