Much has been written about various aspects of the long presence of the Knights of the Order St John on the island of Malta. Nonetheless, throughout this literature there is one noticeable omission - a study of the commercial development of the harbour area during the first decades of the Order’s rule. Despite Malta’s small size, the presence of the Order of St John (1530 -1798) ensured an inflow of foreign resources which eventually permitted very dense human settlement and an international projection beyond the island’s shores which was largely disproportionate to what would normally have occurred in such a small and sterile island. The maritime nature of the Order and the heavy dependence on imports hastened the creation of an efficient maritime communication system. The development of all these economic activities resulted in a prime economic means of generating wealth and served as a pull factor to a large number of enterprising individuals, both local and foreign. Early modern Hospitaller Malta eventually saw the consolidation of an enterprising business class, which, out of sheer necessity, grew accustomed to operating well beyond its narrow confines. In turn, this contributed to the island becoming more open to connectivity with the outside world. Hence, the main aim of this thesis is to explore in detail various economic activities taking place in Malta during this particular period which spans from 1530 to 1565. The year 1565 has been chosen as a marker since during this year there was a break in the normal chain of events due to the turmoil created by the Great Siege. In order to reach this goal the practical functioning of commerce with its agreements and disputes, its currencies, its trading posts and its nodal points shall be analyzed. Furthermore, this thesis strives to show how notarial evidence, together with that derived from records of various tribunals set up on the island at the time, supplement each other and help to fill in gaps. While discussing different methodological approaches to the study of the Mediterranean, the first chapter of this study shall also assess Malta’s place within the wider Mediterranean historiographical framework. It shall also trace the development of Maltese historiography and its contribution to the study of legal, economic and social issues relating to the sixteenth century. Furthermore, this study shall place the various series of primary sources used for its compilation in their proper context, thus allowing the reader to evaluate better the significance of the information provided. The second chapter shall evaluate how the arrival of the Order provided for the setting up of new institutions and for the promulgation of new laws in order to consolidate its authority over the island despite repeated promises to respect and honour ancient rights and privileges. The following three chapters shall each be dedicated to a particular case study which will try to address specific topics that have been largely neglected in Maltese historiography. Thus, starting with an analysis of the grain trade, which was of the utmost importance for a sterile island with an ever-increasing population, it will be followed by another case study which seeks to evaluate the role of women, their legal persona and how this affected their contribution to the island’s economic activities. The final chapter will try to establish whether there were any commercial links between Malta, often described as the frontier and bulwark of Christianity, and its neighbouring Ottoman North African territories. If such trade existed, how did merchants, both Christian and Muslim, manage to overcome religious antagonism which should have inhibited the easy flow of trade? The objective of this study shall therefore be to shed much-needed light on economic activities taking place in and around the harbour area during a largely unexplored period in Maltese history. Moreover, it shall seek to provide a better understanding of Mediterranean commercial relations since the Maltese harbour was a point of intersection not only for people of different nationalities, but even for people of different faiths, such as Muslims, Jews and Christians of different denominations. All had one common goal which unified them, that is, trading and making profit out of it.

Possibilities of monitoring and evaluation of the commercial suburbanization process on the example of Prague suburban zone Abstract With a transition to the market economy, we can observe an entirely new phenomenon in the hinterland of Czech cities, which has significantly contributed to the transformation of the selected settlements. It is the commercial suburbanization process, which is characterized by a decentralization of the economic activities from the metropolitan cores. Selectivity of the commercial suburbanization process has resulted in its differential manifestation and consequences, which are not often beneficial for a suburban area. Despite the great influence of the process on landscape and population, there is a limited amount of literature dedicated to it, which is partly due to lack of appropriate data sources for its monitoring. The work aims to evaluate possibilities of the study of the process and to create a consistent and repeatable study method using available data sources. With this method a pilot study will be performed on the case of selected locality. Through this study, the suitability of the established method will be verified, but the results will be self-supporting and tell us about evolution, scope, form and the consequences of the process in the selected localities....

Over the last 20 years the number of state-owned enterprises has been steadily declining. At this point there are only about 40 active state-owned enterprises and even greater number of inactive state-owned enterprises which are currently in phase of liquidation. Despite the slim numbers of active state-owned enterprises their role in economy remains still important especially as way how to participate in business activities with state owned property. State-owned enterprises manage property in value of approximately 170 billion Czech crown and using this property they are able to achieve profit over 7.5 billion Czech crown every year. The most important source of legislation regarding state-owned enterprises is act. No. 77/1997 Coll., state-owned enterprises act, which has been amended eleven times. Very important amendment was act No. 213/2013 Coll. which introduced a mechanism that allows to transfer a part of state-owned enterprise profit to state budget. Nevertheless the most important amendment is act No. 253/2016 Coll. with effect from 01. 01. 2017 which in reaction to recodification of private law in Czech Republic and insufficient regulation of some areas introduces substantial chances. The biggest changes are introduced in the area of disposition with state property. The new amending act...

La Directive Cadre sur l'Eau exige le retour au bon état des cours d'eau en Europe. Ces cours d'eau reçoivent en effet différentes pollutions liées aux différentes activités économiques des populations installées le long de leurs rives. On s'intéresse souvent de façon isolée à des types particuliers de pollution: pollution agricole dues aux pesticides, engrais et résidus d'élevage en milieu rural, pollution spécifique d'une industrie (sidérurgie, papeterie, etc.), pollution domestique plus ou moins bien traitée, etc. Or dans de nombreux cas, on a affaire à un mélange de polluants. Dans le cas de la Moselle, la pollution générée par les activités humaines dans la partie française du bassin versant de la Moselle impacte la qualité des eaux de surface en aval, et donc celle du Rhin. Notre but est de contribuer à caractériser l’état de certains affluents de la Moselle (Madon, Meurthe, Vologne et Fensch) en fonction de leurs pressions anthropiques et de proposer une stratégie pour calculer les flux des polluants le long de ces cours d’eau. Dans ce contexte des compagnes de prélèvement avec un pas spatial fin. Outre les paramètres habituels de caractérisation de l’état des masses d’eau (conductivité, pH, carbone organique dissous, azote ammoniacal, nitrates, etc.) une attention particulière a été portée aux propriétés optiques (absorbance UV-visible, fluorescence synchrone) de la matière organique dissoute afin de mieux comprendre son origine. Les spectres de fluorescence synchrone ont été étudiés par déconvolution ou par analyse en composantes principales. En outre une méthode a été développée, basée sur la spectroscopie de fluorescence synchrone, pour détecter la présence des azurants optiques. Enfin une méthodologie a été mise au point appliquée au Madon pour calculer les flux journaliers moyens de pollution à chaque station d'échantillonnage pour chaque période d'échantillonnage à partir de données géographiques. Cette méthode permet ensuite d’évaluer les flux de pollution / The Water Framework Directive demands a return to good condition for rivers in Europe. These rivers receive different types of pollution related to various economic activities of populations installed along their banks. We are often interested in an isolated manner to particular types of pollution: pollution due to agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and livestock waste in rural areas, pollution due to a specific industry (steel, paper mill, etc.), more or less well treated domestic pollution, etc. But in many cases, we are dealing with a mixture of pollutants. In the case of the Moselle, the pollution generated by human activities in the French part of the Moselle watershed impacts surface water quality downstream and therefore the Rhine. Our goal is to characterize the state of some tributaries of the Moselle (Madon, Meurthe, Vologne and Fensch) versus anthropogenic pressures and propose a strategy to calculate the flow of pollutants along these rivers. In this context, sampling campaigns with a dense spatial stations have been organized. In addition to the usual parameters characterizing water quality (conductivity, pH, dissolved organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, etc.) a particular attention has been given to optical properties (UV-visible absorbance, synchronous fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter in order to understand its origin. Synchronous fluorescence spectra were studied by deconvolution or by principal components analysis. A method has been developed, based on the synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, to detect the presence of optical brighteners. Finally, a methodology has been developed in Madon watershed in order to calculate the mean daily pollution flux at each sampling station for each sampling period from geographic data

Šiame bakalauro darbe nagrinėjami gyventojų struktūros ir jų ekonominės veiklos pokyčiai. Tyrimo tikslas – išnagrinėti gyventojų struktūros ir jų ūkinės veiklos pokyčius įtakojančius veiksnius bei atskleisti naujas žemo urbanizacijos lygio atokesnių vietovių darnios plėtros ir konkurencingumo didinimo galimybes. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros ir kitų teorinių šaltinių sisteminė ir lyginamoji analizė, loginė analizė; sociologinė apklausa (anketavimas, interviu), tyrimo metu gautų duomenų matematinis ir grafinis apdorojimas ir apibendrinimas. Tryškių seniūnijos gyventojų struktūrą ir jų ekonominę veiklą bei perspektyvas tyrėme 2013 metų kovo – balandžio mėnesiais. Bakalauriniame darbe aptariami gyventojų struktūros pokyčius sukeliančių veiksnių teoriniai aspektai. Analizuojami migraciniai procesai, juos aiškinančios teorijos, jų poveikis įvairioms valstybės sritims, gyventojų struktūrai ir jų ekonominei veiklai. Taip pat apžvelgiamos migracinių procesų tendencijos ir poveikis Lietuvos valstybei. Praktinėje darbo dalyje pateikiama Tryškių seniūnijos gyventojų bei seniūnijos darbuotojų apklausos duomenų analizė, pristatoma Tryškių miestelio ekonominė ir sociokultūrinė vizija, pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos. / Population‘s structure and its’ economic activity changes have been investigated in this bachelor thesis. Aim of the research – to analyze factors which cause population‘s structure and economic activity changes, also to reveal new sustainable development and competitiveness improvement opportunities for remote low urbanization level areas. Methods of investigation: systemic and comparative analysis of scientific literature and other theoretical sources; logical analysis; sociological examination (questionnaire, interview), mathematical and graphical generalization of collected data. Tryškiai local administrative unit (LAU) population’s structure, economic activity and its’ perspectives were investigated in March and April, 2013. The theoretical aspects of factors causing population’s structure changes are discussed in this bachelor thesis. Migration processes, their theories, and these processes’ impact on various state fields, and on population’s structure and its’ economic activity are analyzed. Also trends of migration processes and their impact on Lithuanian state are overviewed. T.

OLIVEIRA, Adriana Santos de. Pecuária, agricultura, comércio: dinâmica das relações econômicas no termo da Vila de Sobral (1773-1799). 2015. 129f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em História, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-20T12:55:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_asoliveira.pdf: 1089080 bytes, checksum: ae453423c1731d142b89d7a900f8b1e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-20T13:10:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_asoliveira.pdf: 1089080 bytes, checksum: ae453423c1731d142b89d7a900f8b1e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-20T13:10:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_asoliveira.pdf: 1089080 bytes, checksum: ae453423c1731d142b89d7a900f8b1e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Created in 1773 in order to accommodate vagrants and vagabonds who had nowhere to live and work, Sobral village developed an economy based on livestock, agriculture and trade. The interconnection of these activities enabled the development of a mixed economy, which created economic networks between ranchers, farmers and traders, thus forming heterogeneous elite. This was related to a mass of poor and free men who worked the cattle ranches, the farms and small businesses. We believe that these trade relations approached the elite and the poor men, which enabled the recent training in specialized activities, as well as the local business area. This enabled these men would create social strategies, enabling them to act freely in the economy, a profit with their work and generating prospects to be part of Sobral's elite. In our research, we analyzed the working relationships developed in Sobral Village to observe how they occur and how they influenced the personal trajectory of the residents. For this, we use the documents of the Board, which recorded economic activities, realizing the importance of each to the formation of Sobral's population. / Criada em 1773 com o objetivo de acomodar vadios e vagabundos que não tinham onde morar e trabalhar, a Vila de Sobral desenvolveu uma economia baseada na pecuária, na agricultura e no comércio, o que proporcionou o desenvolvimento de uma economia mista onde a interligação dessas atividades criou redes econômicas que ligaram pecuaristas, agricultores e comerciantes, formando uma elite heterogênea que se relacionava com uma massa de homens pobres e livres que trabalhavam nas fazendas de gado, nas lavouras e no pequeno comércio. Esse envolvimento nos levou a pensar a realidade dos homens livres e sem posses na Vila, onde as relações criadas aproximaram elite e homens pobres, principalmente, nas relações comerciais, permitindo aos últimos a formação em atividades especializadas e o domínio do comércio local. Isso possibilitaria a esses homens criar estratégias sociais que lhes permitiam atuar livremente na economia, obtendo lucro com seu trabalho, gerando perspectivas de fazer parte da elite de Sobral. Tendo essas afirmativas como base, analisamos as relações de trabalho desenvolvidas na Vila de Sobral para observar como elas ocorriam e como influenciaram na trajetória pessoal dos moradores. Para isso, utilizamos os documentos da câmara que registraram as atividades econômicas, percebendo a importância de cada uma delas para a formação da população de Sobral.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:55:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 117837.pdf: 1555509 bytes, checksum: 03bfb0ef22b5f612c64b7ca680e19824 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper seeks to analyze the relationship between health and economic activity of the municipality of Canelinha population, located in the state of Santa Catarina, in the Greater Florianópolis, over a period of 11 years (2001-2011) based on the socio-environmental perspective. Environmental, demographic, social and economic characteristics were raised, rescuing their social and spatial formation. The theoretical framework used to analyze the situation understands the notions of space, social space and training, urban dispossession and health promotion. The methodology to achieve the proposed objectives consisted of an association between quantitative and qualitative data. Thus, the information sought is in banks and official data and through semi-structured interviews and focus groups conducted with community health workers and residents of the town. Still records in a field diary complementarily were performed. The main causes of deaths were identified in the population to diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, external causes, ill-defined causes and respiratory diseases. We conclude that the social and environmental impacts of the ceramics industry and production of cotton waste, housing, education and sanitation are important factors when considering the social and environmental determinants of health. / Este trabalho busca analisar as relações entre saúde e atividades econômicas da população do município de Canelinha, localizado no estado de Santa Catarina, na região da Grande Florianópolis, em um período de onze anos (2001-2011), tendo como base a perspectiva socioambiental. Foram levantadas as características ambientais, demográficas, sociais e econômicas, resgatando sua formação socioespacial. O referencial teórico adotado para análise da situação compreende as noções de espaço, formação socioespacial, espoliação urbana e promoção da saúde. A metodologia para alcançar os objetivos propostos consistiu em uma associação entre dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Assim, buscaram-se as informações nos bancos de dados oficiais e através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais realizados com agentes comunitários de saúde e moradores da cidade. Ainda foram realizados registros em diário de campo de forma complementar. As principais causas dos óbitos identificados na população foram as doenças do aparelho circulatório, as neoplasias, as causas externas, as causas mal definidas e as doenças do aparelho respiratório. Concluí-se que os impactos socioambientais decorrentes da indústria ceramista e da estoparia, moradia, educação e saneamento básico são fatores importantes quando se analisa os determinantes socioambientais em saúde.

Submitted by Juliana Correa (juliana.correa@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-05T17:56:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Taise F. Mattei 2016.pdf: 3383869 bytes, checksum: d231572cf7f1c8d850d586a3de3bc229 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T17:56:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Taise F. Mattei 2016.pdf: 3383869 bytes, checksum: d231572cf7f1c8d850d586a3de3bc229 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Brazil is marked by high social and economic inequalities, as well between regions as between people. In the formal work market such inequalities also turn out, mainly with relation the jobs and salaries between men and women. Some theories can be used for explanation these wage inequalities, among them, for example the theory of human capital, segmentation and discrimination. That way, this essay will leave these theories to try to explain the wage inequalities in the Southern region states of Brazil, that are between the most developed, and also present significant wage inequalities, therefore, being important to know its characteristics to try to minimize the differences existing. Starting from the idea that there are wage inequalities with men and women, the objective of essay is to explain the wage inequalities existing in the formal work market in each state of Southern region of Brazil in 2000, 2007 and 2014, and also in the economic sectors of the states, based on theories that seek to explain the wage inequalities. For this purpose, Mincer equations will be estimated using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, that will suit to decompose the wage inequalities in observable and unobservable aspects. The data used in the research are from RAIS- Annual Relation of Social Informations, developed by the Ministry of Labor and Employement. This research is relevant as the identification of characteristics of formal work market, and the knowledge of causes of wage inequalities have important implications for the effectiveness of public policies. Moreover, given the high social inequalities in Brazil, analyze the determinants of wage inequalities is relevant for the essay of Brazilian reality. The main results revealed that wage inequalities with men and women decreased in the period analyzed in the three states. Similarly, the wage discrimination against the women also decreased in the period, however, the main component to explain the wage inequalities with men and women in all states. In addition, it was noted that in work market and intrasectoral analysis of the three states, the segmentation variables contributed very little to explain wage inequalities, but the human capital variable, often contributed to reduce the differences, these being explained almost entirely by discrimination against women. Thus, it is suggested the need to develop policies aimed at combating discrimination in the work market, thus seeking to reduce wage inequalities. / O Brasil é marcado por elevadas desigualdades sociais e econômicas, tanto entre regiões como entre as pessoas. No mercado de trabalho tais desigualdades também se verificam, principalmente com relação a cargos e salários entre homens e mulheres. Algumas teorias podem ser usadas para explicação dessas desigualdades salariais, dentre elas, pode-se citar a teoria do capital humano, da segmentação e da discriminação. Dessa forma, esse estudo partirá dessas teorias para tentar explicar as desigualdades salariais nos estados da Região Sul do Brasil, os quais estão entre os mais desenvolvidos, e também apresentam significativas desigualdades salariais, sendo, portanto, importante conhecer suas particularidades para tentar minimizar as diferenças existentes. Partindo da ideia que existem diferenças salariais entre homens e mulheres, o objetivo desta pesquisa é explicar as diferenças salariais existentes no mercado de trabalho de cada estado da Região Sul do Brasil nos anos 2000, 2007 e 2014, e também nos setores econômicos dos estados, com base nas teorias que buscam explicar as desigualdades salariais. Para esta finalidade, serão estimadas equações Mincerianas de salários e utilizado o método de decomposição de rendimentos de Oaxaca-Blinder, que servirá para decompor as diferenças salariais em aspectos observáveis e não observáveis. Os dados utilizados na pesquisa são provenientes da RAIS – Relação Anual de Informações Sociais, desenvolvido pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Essa pesquisa se torna relevante à medida que a identificação das características do mercado de trabalho, e o conhecimento das causas das diferenças salariais, têm importantes implicações para a eficácia das políticas públicas. Além disso, dadas as elevadas desigualdades sociais do Brasil, analisar os determinantes das diferenças salariais se torna relevante para o estudo da realidade brasileira. Os principais resultados revelaram que as diferenças salariais, em termos percentuais, entre homens e mulheres, diminuíram no período analisado nos três estados. No mesmo sentido, a discriminação salarial contra as mulheres também diminuiu no período, sendo, no entanto, o principal componente a explicar as diferenças salariais entre homens e mulheres em todos os estados. Além disso, percebeu-se que, no mercado de trabalho e na análise intrassetorial dos três estados, as variáveis de segmentação contribuíram muito pouco para a explicação das diferenças salariais, já as variáveis de capital humano, muitas vezes, contribuíam para reduzir as diferenças, sendo estas explicadas, quase que totalmente, pela discriminação contra a mulher. Dessa forma, sugere-se a necessidade de que se desenvolvam políticas voltadas ao combate da discriminação no mercado de trabalho, buscando assim diminuir as desigualdades salariais

The main target of this graduation thesis is to make an analysis of economic actvities of parent company and subsidiary company. The financial situation of this two companies is compared. The main emphasis is placed on the standard data of economic activities along with the less frequently declared informations. The analysis is made for both companies in the years 2012, 2013 and 2014. In the first part of the thesis are theoretically defined financial analysis, bankrupcy and creditability models and semi structured interviews. Subsequently are both of companies presented and there is also the description of their relationship. This area is also complemented by a comparison of the subsidiary company and the parent company and the development of selected items of the financial statements.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar si el impacto en el empleo formal ante un cambio en la política de salario mínimo es diferenciado entre las diversas actividades económicas. Asimismo, si el incremento de este piso salarial genera un aumento en los demás rangos salariales del sector formal, denominado como efecto faro. El análisis se basa en el periodo 2015-2017 cubriendo el cambio ocurrido en 2016, para lo cual se emplea la utilización de la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida y Pobreza brindada por el MTPE. La metodología de análisis fue un Pooled Logit y un Random Effects para el empleo y efecto faro, respectivamente. Los resultados indican que la variación del empleo es heterogénea en algunos sectores y en los otros se distingue el nivel de impacto. Con respecto al efecto faro, se encuentra un efecto nulo en el rango mayor de salarios y negativo en los cercanos al salario mínimo, negando la existencia de este fenómeno para dicho periodo. / The present research object is to determinate if the impact on formal employment due to the minimum wage policy change is differentiated across industries. Also, if this increase of wage floor rises the rest of wage distribution in the formal sector, what is called spillover effect. The analyze is based on the period 2015-2017 which includes the 2016 change. In order to do so, it has been used the “Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida y Pobreza” from MTPE. The methodology applied is a Pooled Logit and a Random Effects for employment and spillover effect, respectively. The results show a heterogeneous effect on formal employment between some industries and different level of impact in the others. On the other hand, there is no effect in the higher part of the distribution but there is negative effect in the lower part, indicating it does not exist a spillover effect. / Trabajo de investigación