No description available.

The purpose of this investigation is to see how economic inequality, stereotypes, and unemployment affect the well-being of people who identify as middle class in central West Virginia. Questions include whether living in a place with high poverty rates, regardless of income, negatively affects a person’s attitude and well-being, and if middle class people are victims of “guilt-by-association” for living in a lower income county. The results of this study may help organizations like the ARC include data on well-being and life satisfaction alongside their economic reports. Moreover, the public may begin to view West Virginia differently, fueling tourism and overall economic growth. Relevant scholarship for this project includes: The Road to Poverty (Billings, Blee), Stigma (Goffman), Glass House (Alexander), Those Who Work, Those Who Don’t (Sherman), Women, Power, and Dissent… (Anglin), Man’s Search for Meaning (Frankl), and The Human Quest for Meaning (Wong). I am conducting phenomenological interviews of twelve people in six distressed counties and also administering the Life Attitudes Scale to determine their level of well-being. I will then use an ethnomethodological approach to analyze the lived experiences of these West Virginians. Specifically, I wish to understand how they confront the forces of Othering and dehumanization imposed on them by both cultural outsiders and regional organizations. In doing so, this study may prove that the social reality and moral framework constructed by the people who live in this area is far closer to the truth than any kind of statistical analysis.

This thesis describes a program of research designed to investigate longitudinally the role of debt in a cohort of 1232 final-year New Zealand secondary school students, their tertiary entry decisions and their attitudes towards tertiary education and student debt. It follows some of these students into their first year out of school into tertiary education or otherwise. Two surveys were conducted that employed the Attitude to Debt Scale (Davies and Lea, 1995) to address students’ debt and savings behaviour and estimates, tertiary education entry decisions, and attitudes to tertiary education and term-time working. Debt attitudes are found to be more complex than previously proposed, and this has significant ramifications for debt attitude theory and research. Longitudinal comparisons suggest students’ views regarding debt necessity does not change but their attitude to avoiding does. Students become more or less avoidant of debt depending on their circumstances. However, debt attitude results still support many of the findings of earlier research such as debt acquisition preceding a more tolerant attitude change. Debt and tertiary education attitudes are not well predicted. Students report engaging in term-time working to limit their student loans, but engaging in term-time working results in lower grades in their studies. Those from the middle and higher socio-economic classes are more likely to be positive towards tertiary education, and thus entrants, compared with the lower socio-economic classes. However, the results do not suggest this is due to debt attitudes or fear of debt.

Nas últimas décadas, novas demandas e ideologias sobre a relação homem-trabalho transformaram os sentidos atribuídos ao trabalho e as formas de concebê-lo. Essas transformações redefinem o lugar desta importante atividade na sociedade e trazem a necessidade do reposicionamento do conceito de carreira e do desenvolvimento de teorias que discutem o papel do trabalhador nesse cenário. É possível identificar uma mudança no posicionamento atribuído ao trabalhador, de uma postura passiva para uma postura de agente. As críticas quanto à hegemonia dos modelos emergentes de carreira são direcionadas, de forma mais emblemática, ao papel atribuído ao indivíduo como agente de sua carreira considerando que o exercício da autonomia e da mobilidade é possível ou favorecido por suas habilidades, formações e qualificações. Em suma, esses modelos parecem desconsiderar que outros fatores como classe social, gênero e etnia podem ser limitadores desse papel de agente do indivíduo sobre sua carreira e marginaliza minorias, como mulheres, desempregados ou trabalhadores com pouca qualificação. Entre as questões que se abrigam neste hiato entre o discurso hegemônico sobre carreira e as críticas teóricas e empíricas sobre esses modelos, chama a atenção a relação entre a compreensão de carreira do indivíduo e o papel atribuído ao trabalhador com o processo de socialização, que forja a compreensão de mundo e de si mesmo. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo a investigação da relação de classe econômica e aspectos do contexto social com modelos de carreira de entrantes no mercado de trabalho. O estudo é empírico, de abordagem de dado de diferença qualitativa e frequência (quantitativa) e o procedimento técnico é por levantamento. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de uma survey eletrônica que teve como base o Critério Brasil para classificação econômica, um questionário sobre práticas culturais e o TST para identificação e análise dos modelos de carreira. A população estudada é não probabilística e intencional e formada por 150 jovens. A análise estatística descritiva foi realizada através de medidas resumo usuais, tais como média e desvio padrão (DP), mediana e mínimo (mín) e máximo (máx) para variáveis quantitativas e frequência absoluta e relativa para as variáveis categóricas. Na análise bivariada, foram utilizado o teste de Anderson-Darling (Anderson e Darling, 1954) e testes paramétricos (teste t, ANOVA e correlação de Pearson) e testes não paramétricos (Mann-Witney, Levene, Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey não paramétrico e correlação de Spearman). Para analisar o escore de carreira versus as variáveis socioeconômicas conjuntamente foi utilizado um modelo de regressão linear múltipla. O software utilizado para análises foi o R 3.1.2. e o nível de significância adotado nas análises foi de 0,05. Os resultados obtidos não apresentaram correlação significativa para classe econômica e modelos de carreira, apesar de ter uma tendência aos modelos tradicionais nas classes B e C. Também não foi identificada correlação para a maioria das variáveis quantitativas e qualitativas, exceto para as variáveis: estado civil - casado, cor preta e programa favorito - novela que se mostraram significativas estatisticamente para o modelo emergente de carreira e a variável, principal motivo para acessar a internet - enviar e-mails, significativa para o modelo tradicional. Identificando-se a necessidade de aprofundamento e o vasto espaço de pesquisa aqui demonstrado, espera-se que esse estudo sirva como convite aos pesquisadores para desenvolverem novos estudos empíricos sobre socialização e carreira, em geral, e carreira e seus impactos sobre gestão de pessoas nas organizações brasileiras / In the last decades, new demands and ideologies about the relationship between man and work are transforming the meanings attributed to work and the ways of conceiving it. These transformations redefine the place work takes in society and bring about the need to reposition the concept of career and the development of theories that discuss the role of the worker in this scenario. It is possible to identify a change in the positioning attributed to the worker, from a passive posture to an agent position. Criticisms about the hegemony of emerging career models are directed more emblematically to the role assigned to the individual as an agent of his career - considering that the exercise of autonomy and mobility is possible or favored by his skills, education and qualifications. In sum, these models seem to disregard the fact that other factors such as social class, gender and ethnicity could limit this role of the individual as agent over his career and marginalize minorities such as women, the unemployed or the low-skilled workers. Among the issues that lie in the hiatus of hegemonic career discourse and the theoretical and empirical critiques of these models, attention is drawn to the relationship between an individual\'s career understanding and the role assigned to the worker with the socialization process, which forges the understanding of the world and of himself. The present dissertation aims to investigate the relationship of economic class and aspects of the social context with the career models of entrants in the job market. This study is empirical, approaching data of qualitative difference and frequency (quantitative) and the technical procedure is by survey. The data were obtained through an electronic survey based on Critério Brasil for economic classification, a questionnaire on cultural practices and the TST for the identification and analysis of career models. The population studied is non-probabilistic and intentional and consists of 150 young adults. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed using usual summary measures, such as mean and standard deviation (SD), median and minimum (min) and maximum (max) for quantitative variables and absolute and relative frequency for categorical variables. In the bivariate analysis, the Anderson-Darling test (Anderson and Darling, 1954) and parametric tests (t test, ANOVA and Pearson\'s correlation) and non-parametric tests were used (Mann-Witney, Levene, Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey non-parametric And Spearman\'s correlation). To analyze the career score versus the socioeconomic variables together a multiple linear regression model was used. The software used for analysis was R 3.1.2. And the level of significance adopted in the analyzes was 0.05. The results obtained did not present a significant correlation for economic class and career models, despite tending to the traditional models in classes B and C. Also, no correlation was identified for most of the quantitative and qualitative variables, except for the variables: civil status - married, black and favorite program soap opera that proved statistically significant for the emerging career model and the variable, the main reason for accessing the Internet - send emails, meaningful to the traditional model. Identifying the need for deepening and the vast space for research demonstrated here, it is expected that this study will serve as an invitation to researchers to develop new empirical studies on socialization and career, in general, and career and its impacts on people management in the organizations

This thesis describes a program of research designed to investigate longitudinally the role of debt in a cohort of 1232 final-year New Zealand secondary school students, their tertiary entry decisions and their attitudes towards tertiary education and student debt. It follows some of these students into their first year out of school into tertiary education or otherwise. Two surveys were conducted that employed the Attitude to Debt Scale (Davies and Lea, 1995) to address students’ debt and savings behaviour and estimates, tertiary education entry decisions, and attitudes to tertiary education and term-time working. Debt attitudes are found to be more complex than previously proposed, and this has significant ramifications for debt attitude theory and research. Longitudinal comparisons suggest students’ views regarding debt necessity does not change but their attitude to avoiding does. Students become more or less avoidant of debt depending on their circumstances. However, debt attitude results still support many of the findings of earlier research such as debt acquisition preceding a more tolerant attitude change. Debt and tertiary education attitudes are not well predicted. Students report engaging in term-time working to limit their student loans, but engaging in term-time working results in lower grades in their studies. Those from the middle and higher socio-economic classes are more likely to be positive towards tertiary education, and thus entrants, compared with the lower socio-economic classes. However, the results do not suggest this is due to debt attitudes or fear of debt.

Nas últimas décadas, novas demandas e ideologias sobre a relação homem-trabalho transformaram os sentidos atribuídos ao trabalho e as formas de concebê-lo. Essas transformações redefinem o lugar desta importante atividade na sociedade e trazem a necessidade do reposicionamento do conceito de carreira e do desenvolvimento de teorias que discutem o papel do trabalhador nesse cenário. É possível identificar uma mudança no posicionamento atribuído ao trabalhador, de uma postura passiva para uma postura de agente. As críticas quanto à hegemonia dos modelos emergentes de carreira são direcionadas, de forma mais emblemática, ao papel atribuído ao indivíduo como agente de sua carreira considerando que o exercício da autonomia e da mobilidade é possível ou favorecido por suas habilidades, formações e qualificações. Em suma, esses modelos parecem desconsiderar que outros fatores como classe social, gênero e etnia podem ser limitadores desse papel de agente do indivíduo sobre sua carreira e marginaliza minorias, como mulheres, desempregados ou trabalhadores com pouca qualificação. Entre as questões que se abrigam neste hiato entre o discurso hegemônico sobre carreira e as críticas teóricas e empíricas sobre esses modelos, chama a atenção a relação entre a compreensão de carreira do indivíduo e o papel atribuído ao trabalhador com o processo de socialização, que forja a compreensão de mundo e de si mesmo. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo a investigação da relação de classe econômica e aspectos do contexto social com modelos de carreira de entrantes no mercado de trabalho. O estudo é empírico, de abordagem de dado de diferença qualitativa e frequência (quantitativa) e o procedimento técnico é por levantamento. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de uma survey eletrônica que teve como base o Critério Brasil para classificação econômica, um questionário sobre práticas culturais e o TST para identificação e análise dos modelos de carreira. A população estudada é não probabilística e intencional e formada por 150 jovens. A análise estatística descritiva foi realizada através de medidas resumo usuais, tais como média e desvio padrão (DP), mediana e mínimo (mín) e máximo (máx) para variáveis quantitativas e frequência absoluta e relativa para as variáveis categóricas. Na análise bivariada, foram utilizado o teste de Anderson-Darling (Anderson e Darling, 1954) e testes paramétricos (teste t, ANOVA e correlação de Pearson) e testes não paramétricos (Mann-Witney, Levene, Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey não paramétrico e correlação de Spearman). Para analisar o escore de carreira versus as variáveis socioeconômicas conjuntamente foi utilizado um modelo de regressão linear múltipla. O software utilizado para análises foi o R 3.1.2. e o nível de significância adotado nas análises foi de 0,05. Os resultados obtidos não apresentaram correlação significativa para classe econômica e modelos de carreira, apesar de ter uma tendência aos modelos tradicionais nas classes B e C. Também não foi identificada correlação para a maioria das variáveis quantitativas e qualitativas, exceto para as variáveis: estado civil - casado, cor preta e programa favorito - novela que se mostraram significativas estatisticamente para o modelo emergente de carreira e a variável, principal motivo para acessar a internet - enviar e-mails, significativa para o modelo tradicional. Identificando-se a necessidade de aprofundamento e o vasto espaço de pesquisa aqui demonstrado, espera-se que esse estudo sirva como convite aos pesquisadores para desenvolverem novos estudos empíricos sobre socialização e carreira, em geral, e carreira e seus impactos sobre gestão de pessoas nas organizações brasileiras / In the last decades, new demands and ideologies about the relationship between man and work are transforming the meanings attributed to work and the ways of conceiving it. These transformations redefine the place work takes in society and bring about the need to reposition the concept of career and the development of theories that discuss the role of the worker in this scenario. It is possible to identify a change in the positioning attributed to the worker, from a passive posture to an agent position. Criticisms about the hegemony of emerging career models are directed more emblematically to the role assigned to the individual as an agent of his career - considering that the exercise of autonomy and mobility is possible or favored by his skills, education and qualifications. In sum, these models seem to disregard the fact that other factors such as social class, gender and ethnicity could limit this role of the individual as agent over his career and marginalize minorities such as women, the unemployed or the low-skilled workers. Among the issues that lie in the hiatus of hegemonic career discourse and the theoretical and empirical critiques of these models, attention is drawn to the relationship between an individual\'s career understanding and the role assigned to the worker with the socialization process, which forges the understanding of the world and of himself. The present dissertation aims to investigate the relationship of economic class and aspects of the social context with the career models of entrants in the job market. This study is empirical, approaching data of qualitative difference and frequency (quantitative) and the technical procedure is by survey. The data were obtained through an electronic survey based on Critério Brasil for economic classification, a questionnaire on cultural practices and the TST for the identification and analysis of career models. The population studied is non-probabilistic and intentional and consists of 150 young adults. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed using usual summary measures, such as mean and standard deviation (SD), median and minimum (min) and maximum (max) for quantitative variables and absolute and relative frequency for categorical variables. In the bivariate analysis, the Anderson-Darling test (Anderson and Darling, 1954) and parametric tests (t test, ANOVA and Pearson\'s correlation) and non-parametric tests were used (Mann-Witney, Levene, Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey non-parametric And Spearman\'s correlation). To analyze the career score versus the socioeconomic variables together a multiple linear regression model was used. The software used for analysis was R 3.1.2. And the level of significance adopted in the analyzes was 0.05. The results obtained did not present a significant correlation for economic class and career models, despite tending to the traditional models in classes B and C. Also, no correlation was identified for most of the quantitative and qualitative variables, except for the variables: civil status - married, black and favorite program soap opera that proved statistically significant for the emerging career model and the variable, the main reason for accessing the Internet - send emails, meaningful to the traditional model. Identifying the need for deepening and the vast space for research demonstrated here, it is expected that this study will serve as an invitation to researchers to develop new empirical studies on socialization and career, in general, and career and its impacts on people management in the organizations

No description available.

No description available.

In this essay I attempt to show that both the weak interpretation and the strong interpretation of what John Searle calls the principle of self–referentiality for social phenomena should be abandoned. This, I argue, is because they give rise to what I, following Burman (2023), call ”location problems” for opaque social phenomena and for social wholes, as well as a faulty understanding of social power. Instead, I propose that we understand social phenomena as constitued by social practices, in turn constituted by individuals who have the know–how necessary to participate in the social practices (in the sense that they are reliably able to do so), while not necessarily knowing that they are participating in them. In doing this, I draw on Robert B. Brandom’s notion of a social practice from Making it Explicit (1994).