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1	AUTONOMA VAPENSYSTEM : ARGUMENTATIONSANALYS AV DEN DEONTOLOGISKA ARGUMENTATIONEN Olausson, Per January 2022 (has links) The ethical implications of autonomous weapon systems is a highly debated topic. While research and development of autonomous weapon systems is ongoing, non-governmental organizations seek to ban the technology. Ethicists give conflicting answers as to what is right and what is wrong. Although, arguments opposing the use of autonomous weapon systems seem to dominate the debate, particularly when balancing deontological arguments that oppose autonomous weapon systems against those who advocate the technology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate deontological arguments opposing the use of autonomous weapon systems using argument analysis. This is done in order to assess the deontological case for opposing autonomous weapon systems. The findings of this study are that, although influential deontological arguments opposing autonomous weapon systems are more numerous than supporting ones, the deontological case for opposing autonomous weapon systems is weak in both tenability and relevance. The main tenability concerns are the application of theory in premises and conceptual incoherence. The main relevance concern is variations in the way autonomous weapon systems is defined. These weaknesses show that the analysed deontological arguments opposing the use of autonomous weapon systems should not alone dictate the direction of the ethical debate. Autonoma vapensystem etik moralfilosofi deontologi argumentationsanalys Ethics Etik Social Sciences Interdisciplinary
2	Hur elevers sociala makt konstitueras i gymnasieskolans läroplaner - Från enhetsskola till entreprenörsskola Norefalk, Christian January 2014 (has links) I denna uppsats försöker jag visa hur gymnasieskolans läroplans maktutövning på eleven har förändrats från en i huvudsak deontisk och regelstyrd maktutövning till en betydligt djupare och mer sofistikerad målstyrd maktutövning. Detta leder till att läroplanen i högre utsträckning än tidigare försöker påverka ett visst utfall, vilket följaktligen förändrar regleringen av elevens sociala makt, d.v.s. elevens handlingsfrihet och möjlighet att påverka ett specifikt utfall. En annan konsekvens är att denna form av maktutövning i högre grad orsakar och konstruerar nya dolda maktförhållanden, då det dels blir svårare att i varje enskilt fall avgöra vem som utövar makt på vem och varför, och dels blir svårare att skilja ut handlingar från attityder. I min uppsats utgår jag från frågeställningarna ”Hur konstitueras elevers makt i gymnasieskolans läroplan?”, ”Hur har beskrivningen av elevers rättigheter, skyldigheter och eftersträvansvärda egenskaper förändrats i och med övergången till en målstyrd skola?” och ”Kan vi utifrån svaren på de två föregående frågorna dra några slutsatser om ifall den enskilde elevens möjlighet att påverka ett visst utfall har förändrats?” Utifrån en dokumentanalys, som dels består av en innehållsanalys och dels av en diskursanalys, drar jag slutsatsen att läroplanens maktutövning på eleven både har breddats och fördjupats samt att elevens sociala makt har blivit mer otydlig. / In this essay I try to show that the curriculum for the Swedish upper secondary schools exercise of power on pupils has changed from a deontic regulative form of exercise to a much deeper and more sophisticated form of power exercise to effect a specific outcome which thus change the restriction of the pupils ability to effect their own specific outcome, but also that this form of exercise of power generates a construction of new hidden power-relations. The questions I will be asking is “How does the curriculum constitute the social power of pupils?” and “How has the constitution of the pupils rights, obligations and ideal goals changed thru the changing of curricula?”. Finally, “Can we state from the answers of these questions that the individual pupil´s ability to change a specific outcome has changed?” From my discourse analyses I draw two main conclusions: Firstly that the curriculums exercise of power on the student has become both broader and deeper. Secondly that the exercise of power also has become more inexplicit. demokrati deontologi entreprenöriellt lärande gymnasieskolan konsekvensteori läroplan målstyrning social institution social ontologi social makt Social Sciences Samhällsvetenskap
3	Hota att göra det som är fel att göra? : -En analys av kärnvapenavskräckningens varande utifrån ”Just war theory” Gustafsson, Douglas January 2024 (has links) The aim of this thesis is to discuss the ethical issues which arise by nuclear deterrence. I have taken the position that the use of nuclear weapons is morally wrong. Nuclear deterrence is kind of a preventive measure, but not a way of fighting a war. Therefore, I used the ‘just war theory’ as a starting point to formulate analytical questions through which I have interpreted my material. The analytical questions are based on proportionality, utilitarianism, deontology and the ‘Doctrine of double effect’. I have used contemporary material by political scientists which form a symposium where they discussed on the topic of ‘just deterrence’. In my thesis, I argue that the liberty, life and happiness must be defended, but not to any price. I argue that we must see the value life itself has, because if our life, liberty and happiness is threatened, we have nothing to defend. The question that arises is whether there is an ethical approach which can help us understand these questions. Nuclear deterrence just war theory just deterrence utilitarism deontology proportionality The Doctrine of Double Effect ethics Kärnvapenavskräckning Det rättfärdiga kriget rättfärdig avskräckning utilitarism deontologi proportionalitet Doktrinen om dubbeleffekt etik Ethics Etik
4	Sociala helheter och sociala praktiker : att kunna delta i den sociala världen Carlshamre, Nathan January 2024 (has links) In this essay I attempt to show that both the weak interpretation and the strong interpretation of what John Searle calls the principle of self–referentiality for social phenomena should be abandoned. This, I argue, is because they give rise to what I, following Burman (2023), call ”location problems” for opaque social phenomena and for social wholes, as well as a faulty understanding of social power. Instead, I propose that we understand social phenomena as constitued by social practices, in turn constituted by individuals who have the know–how necessary to participate in the social practices (in the sense that they are reliably able to do so), while not necessarily knowing that they are participating in them. In doing this, I draw on Robert B. Brandom’s notion of a social practice from Making it Explicit (1994). social ontology opaque social facts Amie Thomasson John Searle Åsa Burman Robert B. Brandom power deontology status functions Miranda Fricker holism social wholes economic class capitalism racism social ontologi opaka sociala fakta Amie Thomasson John Searle Åsa Burman Robert B. Brandom makt deontologi statusfunktioner Miranda Fricker holism sociala helheter ekonomisk klass kapitalism rasism Philosophy Filosofi

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