abstract: This project presents a mixed methods analysis of proposal editing in sponsored research administration at U.S.-based universities. As sponsored research funding has become increasingly competitive, universities have sought to support their faculty and research infrastructure by offering proposal editing services as a component of the proposal development process. However, the relative newness of proposal and research development as fields, combined with prior studies that show a general lack of research into proposal editing and faculty perceptions of proposal development resources, mean that these areas can benefit from additional focused research. This study aimed to answer two primary research questions: How do universities approach and offer proposal editing as a component of the proposal development process, and what are faculty reactions to editing services as a resource during that same process? The study consisted of two components: a survey of 32 faculty members' perceptions of editing services as an element of their proposal development, and interviews with ten research administrators and editors to discuss how editing services function within the proposal preparation process. Despite a small sample size and disciplinary homogeneity, the survey results showed that demand for institutionally provided editing services varies by research field and activity level, but that faculty showed noticeable interest in at least having the option of an editor reviewing their proposals prior to submission. Interview participants agreed that faculty who are new or early in their careers, along with faculty who speak English as a second language, are especially interested in receiving editing services. Editors themselves provide various levels of edit, dependent on their own backgrounds, editing timelines, and faculty receptiveness to the edits. When provided, edits focus on compliance and grammar, but deeper edits help academic styles of writing transition into more persuasive grant writing styles to strategically position the proposal. As proposal editing services become more widespread as a way of supporting faculty and increasingly proposal quality and success, universities should implement editing services according to faculty demand and needs. Careful implementation can ensure that editing services fully support faculty while making a meaningful impact on a university's research development strategies and goals. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Technical Communication 2019

This study presents empirical research on no-match, machine-translated and translation-memory segments, analyzed in terms of translators’ productivity, final quality and prior professional experience. The findings suggest that translators have higher productivity and quality when using machine-translated output than when translating on their own, and that the productivity and quality gained with machine translation are not significantly different from the values obtained when processing fuzzy matches from a translation memory in the 85-94 percent range. The translators’ prior experience impacts on the quality they deliver but not on their productivity. These quantitative findings are triangulatedwith qualitative data from an online questionnaire and from one-to-one debriefings with the translators. Este estudio presenta una investigación empírica sobre la traducción de segmentos nuevos y aquellos procesados con traducción automática y memorias de traducción analizados en relación a la productividad, calidad final y experiencia profesional de un grupo de traductores. Los resultados sugieren que los traductores obtienen una productividad y calidad más altas cuando procesan segmentos de traducción automática que cuando traducen sin ninguna ayuda y que dicha productividad y calidad no son significativamente diferentes a la que se obtiene cuando procesan coincidencias parciales de una memoria de traducción (del 85 al 94 por ciento). La experiencia profesional previa de los traductores influye en la calidad pero no así en la productividad obtenidas. Los resultados cuantitativos se triangulan, además, con datos cualitativos obtenidos a través de un cuestionario en línea y de entrevistas individuales realizadas a los trad

Il serait opportun de débuter cette introduction en donnant une définition claire du processus d'édition des ARN, mais c'est aussi un exercice périlleux car le terme d'édition des ARN a été utilisé dans la littérature pour décrire une multitude de processus biochimiques différents et la distinction entre les processus d'édition ou de modification est parfois confuse. Le terme d’édition des ARN a été utilisé pour la première fois en 1986 pour décrire l’insertion de 4 résidus uridines dans le transcrit mitochondrial coxII chez le trypanosome (Benne et al., 1986). La communauté scientifique était sceptique et on a alors pensé que ce mécanisme était sans doute spécifique à ce « drôle » de protozoaire. Puis, rapidement, l'édition d'ARNm a été décrite chez de nombreux organismes eucaryotes, soit pour expliquer des processus d'insertions ou de délétions de nucléotides (qui altèrent le nombre de nucléotides contenus dans la molécule d'ARN) soit pour décrire des conversions ou des remplacements de nucléotides (qui altèrent l'identité des nucléotides contenus dans la molécule d'ARN). Plus tard, le terme d'édition des ARN a été utilisé pour décrire des désaminations (le plus fréquemment C-en-U, et A-en-I) survenant dans les ARNt et les ARNr d'organismes eucaryotes et procaryotes, mais aussi des modifications mineures des résidus (comme l'ajout de groupement méthyl). De même la polyadénylation de la partie 3' de certains ARNt est aussi communément appelée processus d'édition des ARN. Enfin, un phénomène d'édition cotranscriptionnel des ARN lié au « patinage » de l'ARN polymérase a également été mis en évidence chez certains virus.

Este trabalho é um estudo sobre a montagem audiovisual. A pesquisa se estrutura em torno das relações entre os elementos fundamentais do ofício de se montar imagens e sons: o tempo, o espaço, a montagem, as ferramentas de trabalho, media pipelines e o mapa. Para tanto, investigamos a natureza algorítmica e tecnológica da montagem audiovisual, as formas de sua aplicação na produção industrial e também as possibilidades de criação formas singulares de montagem que se originam a partir da exploração de fissuras (cracks) decorrentes das características algorítmicas da montagem audiovisual. Esta pesquisa também abrange a análise de um conjunto de produtos televisivos seriados, dos filmes Zidane: A 21st Century Portrait, Azul é a Cor Mais Quente, Blue, entre outros. / This research is a study on audiovisual montage. Time, space, montage, tools, media pipelines and maps are the key elements of the craft of editing sound and images and this research is structured around these fundamentals. The algorithmic nature of montage and its use in industrial media production and the possibility of creating unique montage styles that explores the cracks in this algorithm are investigated in this thesis. This research also analyses a set of television series, the feature films Zidane: A 21st Century Portrait, Blues is the Warmest Color, Blue, among others.

Denna rapport beskriver produktionsprocessen för framtagandet av två filmer till ett svensktupplevelseföretag. Filmernas syfte är att informera potentiella kunder vad de kan förvänta sig. Dessa filmer ska efter leverans implementeras på upplevelseföretagets hemsida. Rapporten visar olika steg i processen från beställning till leverans samt de metoder somanvänds för att nå det resultat beställaren önskar. Projektet resulterade i två filmer, från två olika upplevelser, som efter leverans implementerades på upplevelseföretagets hemsida. / The aim of the project is to use different theories to deliver films to meet the demands and desires that the client has. This report describes the production process for the production of two films to a Swedish experience-company. The films purpose is to inform potential customers what kind of experience they can expect. These films will after delivery be implemented on experience company website. The report shows the various steps in the process from order to delivery, and the methods used to achieve the results the client wants. The project resulted in two films from two different experiences, who after delivery was implemented on the experience-company website.

<div> <div> <div> <p>Prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgos) have been proposed as more flexible tools for gene- editing as they do not require sequence motifs adjacent to their targets for function. One promising pAgo candidate from the halophilic archaeon Natronobacterium gregoryi (NgAgo) has been the subject of intense debate regarding its potential in eukaryotic systems. NgAgo was initially claimed to edit genes in mammalian cells, but the report was retracted due to replication failure. Due to low solubility, subsequent studies refolded NgAgo and suggested that it cuts RNA but not DNA; however, mutation of the conserved active site does not abolish cleavage activity, raising the possibility of nuclease contamination. Another independent study demonstrated gene-editing via NgAgo in bacteria. These inconsistent results underscore the knowledge gap and roadblock for NgAgo-based gene-editing tool development. <br><br> </p><div> <div> <div> <p>In this work, I revisit this enzyme and characterize its function in vitro and in a bacterial system. The halophilic features of NgAgo have been neglected in the literature, leading to inconclusive results. Like other halophilic proteins, NgAgo has modified amino acid composition, leading to failure of domain identification/function prediction via sequence alignment. Indeed, using more sensitive structural alignments, I identified a new single-stranded DNA binding domain, repA, in NgAgo and other halophilic pAgos. Due to its halophilic nature, NgAgo expresses poorly in low-salt environments, with the majority of protein being insoluble and inactive even after refolding. However, soluble NgAgo indeed cuts DNA. NgAgo DNA-cleaving activity can only be abolished via mutation in the canonical PIWI domain and repA deletion, revealing a new catalytic behavior in pAgos. Moreover, NgAgo requires both repA and PIWI domains to create double- stranded DNA breaks, leading to cell death or enhancing homologous recombination, or gene- editing, at a modest level in bacteria. Rational protein engineering of NgAgo was also pursued to increase solubility. Although three out of seven mutants showed significant increases in solubility, they lost the ability to cleave DNA in E.coli. Structural modeling revealed some subtle but important differences in the protein structures, explaining why the mutants lose their function. Besides, a selection system for improving endonuclease activity was optimized for future pAgo optimization. Collectively, this work revealed that NgAgo possesses unique catalytic behavior in the pAgo family and has some gene-editing application potential. More importantly, this work expands knowledge of the pAgo family, providing a foundation for future pAgo-based gene- editing tool development. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

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