The purpose of this paper is to find out how sociolinguistics part depicted in textbooks of Swedish over time and study how much space portion is provided in three teaching aids dated 1976, 1995 and 2014. The study also intends to examine the degree of changes and what they might be due to. This study rests on two research traditions, sociolinguistics and materials analysis. Research in language sociology is extensive. Similarly, there is a tradition of research of teaching materials analysis particularly in the subject of history. Counterparts to my research is thus to be found in particular in the subject of history. For the Swedish part of the substance seems this type of research to be scant, consequently, there is a research gap that is interesting to examine more closely. This study can be seen as a contribution to the earlier tradition of research in general, but also as a contribution to the subject Swedish study materials research in particular. In order to answer these questions, a qualitative and a quantitative content analysis are made. The results show that the deployment can be greatly linked to the prevailing social context that political governance, curriculum, textbook author, etc. The results also show that the mayor differentiation lies between percentage with in the socio-linguistics text section internal than external to the teaching material. Changes that can be distinguished in the teaching material are seen mainly in the method of preparation. Learning materials go from the more stereotypical and more locked form of knowledge to become more educational and based more and more on the individual and his or her knowledge.

The ability to communicate orally in a foreign language is fundamental and highly evaluated by both students and teachers. Therefore it is important that educational materials can provide communicative activities that improve this ability. A study of educational materials for young French learners revealed that the activities aimed to practice oral communication in fact were not really communicative. This investigation analyzes three educational materials for beginners in Spanish. The purpose is to see which kinds of activities the materials can offer for practice of oral and interactive communication, to compare them with educational theories and the Swedish curriculum and to detect similarities with the former study. The results show that the majority of the activities used in the materials, are not really communicative, they are mostly based on prepared phrases and there are few possibilities for creativity.

En este trabajo se describe el proceso de desarrollo y validación de un marco de análisis que permite comparar metodologías de diseño de Objetos de Aprendizaje (OA) y seleccionar una acorde a las necesidades de un contexto educativo específico. El marco se ha denominado MASMDOA (Marco de Análisis para la Selección de una Metodología de Diseño de Objetos de Aprendizaje), y ha sido utilizado para un caso de estudio, donde a partir de una recopilación de metodologías de diseño de OA del contexto Iberoamericano, se busca seleccionar una para trabajar en el contexto de un taller de diseño y producción de OA. Se pudo constatar que MASMDOA facilita la selección de una metodología de diseño de OA que resulte adecuada para los requerimientos de un docente en un contexto específico. Para esto MASMDOA propone un conjunto de criterios que sirven para recomendar y caracterizar las metodologías a analizar y en un proceso de dos fases recomienda aquella metodología que cumple de mejor manera con los requerimientos del docente. En este trabajo se presenta MASMDOA, el caso de estudio donde se aplicó y los resultados obtenidos. / This thesis described the process used for developing and validating an analysis framework that allows comparing design methodologies for the design of Learning Objects (LO) and selecting one based on the needs of a specific educational context. This framework is called MASMDOA (Analysis Framework for the Selection of a Learning Object Design Methodology), and it has been applied to a study case where, from a compilation of LO design methodologies used in IberoAmerica, one of these methodologies is selected to work in the context of a LO design and production workshop. MASMDOA proved useful for selecting a LO design methodology that is appropriate for the requirements of an educator in a specific context. To achieve this, MASMDOA proposes a set of criteria that are useful for recommending and characterizing the methodologies to be analyzed and, following a two-phase process, it recommends the methodology that is better suited for the educator's needs. In this work, we present MASMDOA, the study case to which it was applied, and the results obtained.

O presente trabalho versa sobre a importância da usabilidade no desenvolvimento de materiais educacionais digitais em dispositivos móveis voltados para o publico idoso. Para tanto, teve como objetivo construir um instrumento que possa auxiliar no processo de criação e avaliação de materiais educacionais digitais (MEDs) para dispositivos móveis voltados para o público idoso, denominado InstrUMEDS. As características da tecnologia digital podem instigar o uso pelos idosos que buscam um contato maior com a família e amigos ou simplesmente para se mantiver atualizado. Entre as tecnologias digitais, os dispositivos móveis, como smartphone e tablet, se tornaram atrativos pela facilidade na comunicação e mobilidade. Portanto, o aumento da procura por estas tecnologias, por parte dos idosos, possibilitou que diferentes estudos sejam realizados sobre usabilidade para estes dispositivos. Entendese que usabilidade é o fator que assegura que os produtos sejam eficientes, agradáveis e fáceis de usar, do ponto de vista do usuário. Neste sentido, é pertinente a construção de materiais educacionais digitais para atender os idosos, considerando não somente suas necessidades cognitivas e motoras, mas também seu contexto social e conhecimentos prévios de vida. Materiais educacionais digitais são aqueles que apresentam recursos digitais na sua elaboração. A metodologia deste estudo se constitui como quali-quantitativa, do tipo design science research. Os sujeitos da pesquisa selecionados foram 23 idosos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados três tipos de instrumentos: questionário, entrevista e observação participante. A partir da coleta de dados foi possível delimitar três categorias, bem como seus respectivos indicadores. Foram avaliados e validados 18 indicadores: Tecnológica (2 indicadores), Interface (10 indicadores) e Gerontoeducacional (7 indicadores). Para cada categoria é apresenta uma abordagem específica das áreas a serem consideradas, possibilitando, de forma significativa, a construção e avaliação dos MEDs para dispositivos móveis. Entende-se que o material resultante poderá possibilitar uma maior inclusão social para os idosos, pois o uso de materiais educacionais digitais apropriados em dispositivos móveis pode motivá-los a buscar novos horizontes e conhecimentos. / This paper discusses the importance of usability in the development of digital educational materials for mobile devices aimed at the elderly public. The goal was to build a tool that can assist in the creation and evaluation of digital educational materials (DEM) for mobile devices for the elderly in which was called InstrUMEDS. As characteristics of digital technology can instigate the use by the elderly who seek greater contact with family and friends or just to keep up. Among digital technologies, mobile devices such as smartphone and tablet, have become attractive for ease of communication and mobility. Therefore, the increased demand for these technologies, for the elderly, allowed different studies be conducted on usability for these devices. Usability is the factor that ensures that products are efficient, pleasant and easy to use, the user's point of view In this sense, it is pertinent to building digital educational materials to meet the elderly, considering not only their cognitive and motor needs but also its social context and previous knowledge of life. digital educational materials are those with digital resources in their manufacture. The methodology of this study is as qualitative and quantitative type design science research. The subjects of the research were selected 23 elderly aged over 60 years. For data collection were used three types of instruments: questionnaire, interview and participant observation. From the data collection it was possible to identify three categories and their respective indicators. They were assessed and validated 18 indicators Technology (2 indicators), interface (10 indicators) and gerontology-educational (7 indicators). For each category is presents a specific approach to the areas to be considered, allowing significantly, the construction and evaluation of MEDs for mobile devices. It is understood that the resulting material could enable greater social inclusion for the elderly, because the use of educational materials suitable for mobile devices can motivate them to seek new horizons and knowledge.

Heart and vascular diseases represent one of the most common causes of death in the world and also in the Czech Republic. Early prevention is a necessary intervention to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease. An effective intervention can be an educational activity led by a nurse or a doctor using educational materials. The aim of this work was to find out how education is taking place in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, what is the use of educational materials and how patients themselves are aware of cardiovascular diseases. To achieve the survey research we have chosen a qualitative approach with the possibility of semi-structured interviews and observation. Interviews were carried out with doctors, nurses and patients from specialist ambulances and general practitioners for adults in the South Bohemian region. Observations continued in the cardiology clinic of the Písek hospital. The results of the research point to the fact that education in the prevention of cardiovascular disease is carried out mainly by physicians. Nurses do not particularly educate for the lack of time and lack of knowledge. As regards the use of educational materials, it has been found that many of the respondents do not particularly consider them as important. This was also confirmed in the observation, where we found out that no educational material was offered or recommended to anyone and there was no demand from the patients themselves or their family members. Since the education was not the first time, it is likely that educational materials were issued or recommended to patients at the first visit. Furthermore, the research showed that patients´ awareness of cardiovascular disease is not very high, but on the other hand they have proved a fairly good knowledge of preventive behaviour. The results of this work point to some shortcomings in the field of education in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Our research indicates insufficient education by nurses and inefficient use of educational materials. However, they also point out that doctors themselves have an interest in getting nurses more actively involved in education, even if they are aware of certain limits. These results can serve as an a stimulus for the management of healthcare facilities and for those involved in nursing training.

The play materials designed for special education are commonly used by children with various disabilities. This study overviews these materials from the perspectives of special needs, special user groups and special education. Furthermore, the effects of different disabilities on the interactions of the children with the same toys are investigated, within the light of those special cases. The base of the study is constructed with a literature review on toys, play and special education, followed by observations that are performed in a special education centre with six subjects having different disabilities, namely Rett&rsquo / s syndrome, mental retardation, hyperactivity, Down&rsquo / s syndrome, cerebral palsy and autism. The study is concluded with compared results of the observations and design implications derived from the interactions between the toys and children.

The purpose of this study has been to compare teachers' differing methods of teaching mathematics and their perspectives on the learning process in a municipal school to a Waldorf school. The study has examined which approach best promotes student engagement and learning in mathematics in the first three years of schooling. The study is based on four interviews. The informants’ accounts are interpreted using theories from previous research. The study shows that the municipal schools and Waldorf schools use different methods in mathematics teaching. In the public school, the focus is mostly on the students achieving curriculum goals and passing the national tests in the third year of primary school. "Silent counting" and  individualized education” are methods that teachers in the municipal school make use of in mathematics teaching. In the Waldorf school students make their own textbooks, and through longer periods of teaching the teachers are aiming for deeper understanding of mathematics and its relations to the world around. The study favors the approach to teaching used in the Waldorf school in primary schools. It is assumed that students in a Waldorf school masters and have a deeper understanding of mathematics, than students in the municipal school where they work with pre-written math books.

This essay focuses on the pictures in mathematics books for elementary school. The purpose was to see if images in mathematics books for elementary school show traditional gender roles. The aim of the essay has been broken down into following research questions: Vilka färger förknippar de olika matematikböckerna till pojkar/män respektive flickor/kvinnor? How many times were girls/women and boys/men illustrated in the mathematics books? What behavior is associated with masculinity and femininity? Which colours are associated with boys/men and girls/women in the mathematics books? I used a semiotic image analysis method to study the pictures presented in the mathematics books. The theories in this essay were used to see how society makes girls become girls and boys become boys and in what ways the genders are portrayed in relation to each other. In addition, the theories include the question of whether a specific colour is given to a specific gender? The analysis evidently confirmed that the images in the mathematics books demonstrated traditional gender roles. There was evident proof that the behavior of both boys/men and girls/women showed distinct features of the traditional gender roles. However, boys/men were more likely to stay in their traditional gender roles in terms of the colours of their clothes than the girls/women did.

This paper presents a study of educational materials used in Swedish language education. The aim of the study is to understand in which way multimodal resources can be used in texts, to benefit in the process of meaning making among pupils in the nine-year compulsory school. The theoretical framework used as a basis for understanding and analysing these educational materials is the social semiotic multimodal perspective and the design theoretical multimodal perspective. The study is a multimodal text analysis but it also involves analyses of the syllabi connected to the subject of Swedish language education. The extended concept of text was introduced in the year of 2000 in the syllabus and today multimodal texts are supposed to be part of the Swedish language education. In course of this study the researcher found that multimodal resources can be used in different ways to benefit in the process of meaning making. The study shows that the use of resources is connected to the different aims among texts and to the affordances of meaning making resources.  The aim of texts differs among and in-between the educational materials connected to the different syllabi.  The researcher also found that the texts supposed to be included in Swedish language education has increased since the extended concept of text was introduced and according to the process of time. Pupils however, aren´t introduced to strategies for dealing with these new kinds of texts, in the same extent.

One of the most important problems of a chorus director is how to select suitable materials which will be effectively used with a particular group. This problem is worthy of careful consideration. It is the purpose of this thesis to determine the factors necessary in choosing good material for the high school chorus and to offer a list of the best available selections as an aid to the director in choosing the most appropriate music.