Le présent mémoire porte sur l’un des peintres néerlandais les plus connus de son époque, Cornelis Troost (1696-1750). Celui-ci tire son succès du traitement et de l’originalité de ses sujets dans la confection de ses scènes de théâtre, dont cinq sont abordées ici. Troost fut lui-même acteur de profession avant de se consacrer au métier de peintre. Tout comme les œuvres de Troost, l’art hollandais du XVIIIe siècle est un sujet rarement abordé en histoire de l’art. Plusieurs éléments historiques des Pays-Bas, notamment certains des bouleversements politiques, sont indispensables afin d'acquérir une meilleure compréhension des œuvres théâtrales de Troost. Dans ses scènes de théâtre, Troost embrasse le côté théâtral de celles-ci. Ses œuvres portent le même titre que les pièces desquelles elles sont tirées. De plus, Troost introduit ses personnages de près et cette particularité met l'accent sur les émotions des personnages et sur l’action. Un parallèle est tracé avec Jan Steen et Gérard De Lairesse, eux-mêmes des artistes hollandais s’inspirant du théâtre. La narration dans les œuvres de Troost est également un point important afin de bien comprendre ses scènes de théâtre. / This master’s thesis focuses on one of the most famous Dutch painters of his time, Cornelis Troost (1696-1750). Troost’s success derives from the originality of his subjects in the theatrical scenes he depicts five of which are discussed here. Troost himself was a professional actor before devoting himself to the art of painting. Dutch art of the eighteenth century is a topic rarely discussed in art history. Several elements of Netherlandish history, including political changes, are essential in order to acquire a better understanding of Troost's theatrical work. Troost embraces the theatrical source. His works of art bear the same title as the plays from which they are drawn. Troost puts the emphasis on his characters, and this feature helps to put the focus on the emotions of the characters and the action. A parallel is made with Jan Steen and Gerard De Lairesse, other Dutch artists who were inspired by the theatrical world. The narrative aspect in the works of Troost is also an important aspect which needs to be approached in order to understand his theater scenes.

Cette thèse documente, répertorie et analyse les relations entre les femmes auteures en France, en Italie, et entre Françaises et Italiennes, de 1770 à 1840, à partir de l’étude des correspondances et des ouvrages publiés de douze écrivaines (Anne-Marie de Beaufort d’Hautpoul, Sophie Gay, Félicité de Genlis, Marie-Émilie de Montanclos, Constance Pipelet Salm, Germaine de Staël, Teresa Bandettini, Elisabetta Caminer, Carolina Lattanzi, Diodata Saluzzo, Fortunata Sulgher Fantastici et Isabella Teotochi Albrizzi). Au cours d’une période caractérisée par le développement de l’imprimé, par l’importante participation féminine à la querelle des femmes, par le bouleversement politique international issu de la Révolution française et de l’époque napoléonienne, ainsi que par la présence affirmée des auteures, ces dernières font face à une réactivation des attaques contre l’autorat féminin. Dans ce contexte, les relations entre écrivaines illustrent le défi de « l’action commune » conçue dans une optique de défense d’une cause (celle des auteures) avant l’émergence du mouvement féministe. Les écrivaines étant souvent présentées soit comme « sœurs, » soit comme « rivales », notre étude démontre que la nature des relations féminines est infiniment plus complexe dans les faits. D’un côté, les relations entre femmes auteures témoignent d’une certaine cohésion au sein de la communauté : les contacts sont nombreux, celles-ci s’épaulent en temps de crise, construisent des généalogies littéraires féminines, et déconstruisent les discours portant sur la soi-disant « exceptionnalité » et la « rivalité » des femmes de lettres. De l’autre côté, d’importantes divisions traversent leurs réseaux, notamment liées à l’appartenance nationale, aux opinions politiques et au positionnement de chacune dans le milieu littéraire. Outre les divisions sociales et politiques, cette thèse illustre la difficulté éprouvée par les auteures à arrimer leurs intérêts individuels (promotion de leur propre carrière, identités multiples interférant avec l’appartenance de sexe/genre) aux intérêts collectifs (légitimer l’autorat féminin). Ainsi, les écrivaines reconnaissent l’importance de la communauté des femmes auteures, tout en étant confrontées au défi d’en maintenir la cohésion, à une époque où non seulement l’activité littéraire, mais également le contexte culturel et politique, sont en pleine transformation. / This thesis documents, catalogues, and analyses relationships between female authors in France and Italy, and between French women and Italian women, from 1770 to 1840. It results from a study of the correspondence and published works of twelve women authors (Anne-Marie de Beaufort d’Hautpoul, Sophie Gay, Félicité de Genlis, Marie-Émilie de Montanclos, Constance Pipelet Salm, Germaine de Staël, Teresa Bandettini, Elisabetta Caminer, Carolina Lattanzi, Diodata Saluzzo, Fortunata Sulgher Fantastici, and Isabella Teotochi Albrizzi) over the course of a period marked by important developments in print culture, the significant involvement of women in the querelle des femmes, and the increased presence of women authors. These transformations, together with the international political upheaval caused by the French Revolution, saw attacks on female authorship pursued with increased vigour. The relationships between women authors within such a context illustrate the challenges faced in implementing a “common action” aimed at defending a female cause (that of female authors) before the advent of the feminist movement. Often described as either “rivals” or “sisters”, this study demonstrates that the nature of relationships between women in this period was in fact far more complex. On the one hand, the community of female authors examined was marked by a certain degree of cohesion. These writers had wide-ranging networks of contacts, and could rely on each other for support in times of crisis. They constructed female literary genealogies and deconstructed the discourse used by others in reference to their community, particularly that relating to the “exceptionality” of and “rivalry” between women authors. On the other hand, significant differences also ran across the membership of these networks, notably in terms of nationality, political opinions, and the position each woman occupied within literary circles. Over and above these social and political divisions, this thesis illustrates the difficulties women faced in reconciling their individual interests (the advancement of their own careers, the divisive impact of their multiple identities with the cohesion of their sex/gender) with those of the collective (legitimizing female authorship). In short, this study examines the ways in which female authors recognized the importance of their community and faced the challenges of maintaining its cohesion, at a time when not only literary activity, but also the political and cultural context in which it was framed, were undergoing great transformation.

Réalisé en cotutelle avec l'université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle-Paris 3 / Les romans édifiants des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles – des fictions narratives en prose qui affichent clairement leur volonté de transmettre des valeurs chrétiennes et d’influencer le comportement de leurs lecteurs dans le sens de ces valeurs – développent une poétique spécifique, basée sur la recherche et le dévoilement de la vérité chrétienne à travers la fiction mondaine. Ils posent ainsi de front une question qui a hanté les écrivains et les théoriciens de l’Âge classique, à savoir la conciliation du plaisir romanesque et de la moralité. La topique du roman édifiant (personnages, lieux et temps), sa matérialité (titres, divisions internes, ensembles d’œuvres) et sa voix (narrative et rhétorique) concourent à l’élaboration d’effets de sens qui servent la visée persuasive et religieuse des ouvrages tout en créant des récits et des imaginaires propres à satisfaire le goût du lectorat pour le roman. Cette étude vise à réintégrer dans l’histoire du roman un corpus d’œuvres négligées par la critique en faisant apparaître leur contribution à l’élaboration du roman : du roman d’Ancien Régime d’abord, mais aussi du roman à thèse moderne et, par extension, de toute la fiction idéologique. / Edifying novels of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries - narrative prose fictions that clearly put forth their will to convey Christian values and influence the behavior of their readers in the sense of these values - develop a specific poetics, based on the research and the unveiling of Christian truth through mundane fiction. They therefore emphasize a problem that has haunted writers and theorists of the Classical Age, namely the reconciliation of novelistic pleasure and morality. The narrative topics of the edifying novel (characters, places and times), its materiality (titles, internal divisions, groups of works) and voice (narrative and rhetorical) contribute to the development of significations that serve the persuasive and religious aim of the works while creating stories and imaginary worlds capable of satisfying the taste of the audience for the novel. This study aims to reintegrate in the history of the novel a body of works neglected by literary critics by showing their contribution to the development of the novel: the novel of the Old Regime, but also the modern novel of thesis and by extension, the entire ideological fiction.

Ce mémoire a pour toile de fond Philadelphia à la fin du dix-huitième siècle et couvre les périodes de la Révolution américaine et les débuts de la République. Trois thèmes s’y entrelacent: la culture matérielle, la sociabilité, et l’agentivité des femmes. Ces trois thèmes sont explorés au travers de Elizabeth Willing Powel, une femme éduquée faisant partie de l’élite de Philadelphie, et des moyens avec lesquels elle s’auto-projetait auprès de la société au travers l’environnement matériel de sa maison – la Powel House – and au travers de sa correspondance. Elizabeth Powel était reconnue pour son intelligence, son art de la conversation et ses qualités d’hôtesse. Ce projet explore les interactions entre une femme de l’élite et son environnement matériel durant les périodes révolutionnaires et postrévolutionnaires. Le but est d’observer comment la culture matérielle représentait des positions sociales, culturelles et politiques. Ce mémoire observe les interactions sociales et les façons dont Elizabeth Powel se représente en société par une analyse de sa correspondance, analyse qui porte une attention particulière aux discours de Elizabeth sur les questions du rôle des femmes en société, de l’éducation des femmes. Enfin, ce mémoire explore comment la culture matérielle et l’écriture épistolaire étaient des vecteurs d’agentivité pour Elizabeth, des moyens de participer aux important changements qui transformaient la société américaine de la fin du dix-huitième siècle. / Set in late eighteenth-century Philadelphia, covering the American revolutionary and the early republican eras, this thesis explores three major and interrelated themes: material culture, sociability, and female agency. It focuses on Elizabeth Willing Powel, a privileged and educated woman of Philadelphia, and on the ways she projected herself to society through the material environment of her house –Powel House - and through her correspondence. Elizabeth Powel was renown for her intellect, her conversations and her hostess qualities. This project explores the interaction between an elite woman and her material environment during the eventful revolutionary and post-revolutionary era, and how material culture conveyed a social, cultural and political stance. By a careful analysis of Elizabeth Powel's correspondence - with a particular attention to her discourse on women's social role, female education, politics, and goods - this thesis observes Elizabeth's social interactions and self-presentation to society. It also explores how material culture and epistolary activities provided Elizabeth with means of agency, and ways to participate to late eighteenth-century American society, then undergoing crucial transformations.

Ce mémoire a pour objectif d’analyser et de répertorier les productions historiographiques sur la race et le racisme dans l’Atlantique français au XVIIIe siècle. À travers nos lectures, nous avons pu constater que l’historiographie sur les colonies françaises, de plus en plus abondante, et l’approche privilégiant l’espace atlantique ont pris beaucoup d’importance depuis les vingt dernières années et cela a grandement influencé notre choix de diviser les productions historiographiques en trois catégories qui seront les trois chapitres de ce mémoire. Dans un premier temps, nous traiterons des travaux portant plus spécifiquement sur la race et le racisme où nous présenterons le débat quant à l’origine temporelle du racisme. Par la suite, nous présenterons certains travaux en histoire de l’esclavage dans l’Atlantique français qui relient le développement de l’esclavage et celui de la pensée raciale. Finalement, nous aborderons la question du racisme dans la métropole française au XVIIIe siècle en analysant les études qui ont été faites sur les questions des minorités noires et juives en France ainsi que les études sur la question coloniale à l’heure de la Révolution française. Par ailleurs, nous allons aussi présenter le désaccord qu’il y a entre les historiens quant à l’authenticité de la croyance des philosophes des Lumières en leur idéologie prônant la tolérance. Avec les nouvelles productions en histoire atlantique, il est évident que la conception de la race en France est le résultat d’une multitude de facteurs : culturels, scientifiques, économiques et politiques. / This thesis aims to analyse and categorize the historiography on race and racism in the French Atlantic in the eighteenth century. The increasing weight of historical productions on the colonies and especially on the French Atlantic in the past 20 years is clear and influenced our decision to divide the historiography into three categories corresponding to the three chapters of this thesis. First, we will discuss the work relating more specifically to race and racism and present the debate concerning the period in which racism first arose. Second, we will present historical works on the intersection of slavery and race in the French Atlantic. Finally, we will address the issue of racism in the French metropolis in the eighteenth century by analyzing studies concerning Black and Jewish minorities in France, on political debates during the French Revolution and on race in Enlightenment thought. Taken together, these studies show that ideas about race in France were the result of a multitude of factors, from scientific and intellectual to economic and political.

Publiées dans la Collection des prospects durant la guerre d’Indépendance américaine, les vues d’optique Vuë de la Place capitale dans la Ville basse a Quebec, Vuë de la haute ville a Quebeck, Vuë de la basse Ville a Quebec vers le fleuve St-Laurent, Vuë de la rue des recolets de Quebeck et Vuë de Quebeck gravées par les Allemands Franz Xaver Habermann (1721-1796) et Balthasar Frederich Leizelt (1755-1812) entretiennent des liens ténus avec la configuration réelle de la ville de Québec qu’elles représentent. L’escamotage du paradigme documentaire dans ces images est l’enjeu principal de ce mémoire. Il permet de mettre l’accent sur les contraintes formelles découlant du dispositif optique de lecture utilisé ainsi que sur les modèles culturels concernant la perception du territoire urbain américain ayant prévalu lors de la création et de la réception des cinq vues d’optique à l’étude. L’analyse de la vision fictionnelle du paysage donnera également des indices sur les orientations idéologiques et l’imaginaire du lieu, perçu comme un ailleurs lointain, par un ensemble politique qui n’exerce pas de domination directe sur la colonie installée sur le bord du fleuve Saint-Laurent. / Published during the American Revolution in the Collection des prospects, the perspective views Vuë de la Place capitale dans la Ville basse a Quebec, Vuë de la haute ville a Quebeck, Vuë de la basse Ville a Quebec vers le fleuve St-Laurent, Vuë de la rue des recolets de Quebeck et Vuë de Quebeck were etched by the German engravers Franz Xaver Habermann (1721-1796) and Balthasar Frederich Leizelt (1755-1812). The main goal of this thesis is to show how these five images were perceived as authentic even if the urban scenery that they depict is not topographically accurate. This allows us to highlight the formal constraints stemming from the optical instruments as well as the cultural models prevailing within the dominant perception of the American urban territory at the time of their creation and reception. Analyzing the fictionality of the German engravings also yields clues into the ideological orientations and the collective discourse about Quebec, perceived as a far away land, by a political ensemble which was not exerting direct domination on the colony founded on the shores of the Saint-Lawrence river.

Scholarly attention to late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century French art has focused on the importance that Johann Joachim Winckelmann attributed to the male nude figure in his definition of ideal beauty, and the impact of his work on debates over the 'beau idéal' in French art and art criticism. In contrast, Winckelmann's extensive interest in the detail of ancient costume, the folds of drapery, and the teleological and aesthetic significance that he ascribed to them, has been underplayed. The role played by costume and drapery as components of the 'beau idéal' in French art and aesthetics has also not been fully explored. This thesis examines the way in which costume and drapery formed an important component and embodiment of ideal beauty in the work of Winckelmann and in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century French artistic circles, providing new insights into the arguments over the meanings of Truth, Beauty and Nature in this period. The thesis proposes that ideal beauty in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth- century France was conveyed in works of art through the accurate rendering of costume and the expressive qualities of drapery in combination with the perfect form and contour of the nude body. The first part of the thesis sets up a proposition that costume and drapery formed part of the definition of ideal beauty in the work of Winckelmann. Highlighting the significance of Winckelmann's work on costume and drapery in French art theory, it demonstrates how the definition of ideal beauty in France also incorporated the accurate rendering of costume and the aesthetic impact of drapery. In demonstrating the significance of costume and drapery to both Winckelmann and French theorists it is proposed that the application of a meta-historical approach of costume and drapery to French art theory can provide new understandings and readings of the definition of ideal beauty, the hierarchy of the genres and the broader aesthetic concerns of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth- century French art. The second part of the thesis applies the proposed hermeneutic of costume and drapery to a small selection of theoretical work on the nature of ideal beauty and on a significant collection of Salon criticism. With this approach to the primary material this thesis demonstrates how French artists were able to express the 'beau idéal' within the traditional academic conventions and hierarchies, and negotiate the sense of public unease over the use of nudity in contemporary art.

La découverte d’œuvres du Sturm und Drang et de la tendance sentimentale (allemande et anglaise) fut pour le jeune K. Ph. Moritz une expérience déterminante, aussi bien pour le développement de sa personnalité que pour ses débuts comme écrivain. Nous avons entrepris d’étudier les différentes « traces » laissées par cette littérature dans les écrits de l’auteur, ainsi que leur évolution, notamment dans le cadre d’une pratique de l’intertextualité transformant de simples « réminiscences » littéraires en procédés d’écriture maîtrisés, voire même en « tableaux poétiques ». Nous analysons tout d’abord la réception du Sturm und Drang et de la tendance sentimentale par Anton Reiser (« double » du jeune Moritz) comme lecteur, poète et spectateur, réception « mise en scène » par l’auteur dans son roman autobiographique Anton Reiser. Nous tentons ensuite de montrer comment Moritz, entre 1780 et 1790, prend de la distance avec « l’enthousiasme » caractérisant sa réception de jeunesse de ces courants, sur lesquels il pose désormais un regard « éclairé » et objectif, depuis son point de vue d’écrivain, de critique littéraire et de psychologue empirique des « Lumières tardives », rejetant l’outrance dans le tragique, critiquant la Schwärmerei et observant les « maladies de l’âme ». Enfin, nous consacrons notre dernière partie au point de vue « esthétique » depuis lequel Moritz considère certaines œuvres du « temps des génies » (particulièrement Les Souffrances du jeune Werther), qui trouvent également leur place dans la théorie littéraire de l’auteur (exposée dans plusieurs écrits publiés après son séjour en Italie, entre 1792 et 1794), et dans sa pratique de la description de paysages. / To discover works from the Sturm und Drang (« Storm and stress ») movement and from the sentimental trend (German and British) was a determining experience to the young Karl Philipp Moritz, for the development of his personality as well as for the beginning of his career as a writer. The present study aims at researching the « traces » left by this literature in Moritz’ work, and their evolution, in particular through intertextuality, which transforms simple literary « reminiscences » into mastered literary techniques, even into « poetic pictures ». First we analyse the reception of the Sturm und Drang and of Sentimentalism by Anton Reiser (« double » of Moritz in his youth) as reader, poet and spectator, reception « represented » by Moritz in his autobiographical novel Anton Reiser. We then examine how the author, between 1780 and 1790, distances himself from his former « enthusiastic » reception of those literary trends: from now on, he considers them from his « enlightened » and objective point of view as a novelist, a dramatist, a critic and an empirical psychologist of the « Late Enlightenment », rejecting excesses in tragedy, criticising the Schwärmerei and studying the « diseases of the soul ». The last part of our study is devoted to the « aesthetic » point of view, from which Moritz considers some works from the sentimental trend and from the Sturm und Drang (in particular The Sorrows of the Young Werther), which have also found a place in the literary theory of the author (expounded in several writings published between 1792 and 1794, after Moritz’ stay in Italy) and in his pratice of landscape description.

A fim de ler poemas escritos no século XVIII sobre matérias brasileiras, esta tese cruza assistematicamente algumas diferentes fontes de representação de doutrina e de ofícios, implicadas na imitação épica enquanto determinações institucionais da matéria ilustre. Em regimentos católicos ibéricos, estados armados de varões de família com distinção hereditária empenhavam legados familiares nas diversas modalidades de feitorias mais ou menos ilustres, nas correrias e correições, nas carreiras em Leis e em Armas, nas terras cujos sertões se ocupavam em nome de Sua Alteza e dos pactos sujeitos à família real. Neste sentido, poesia heróica, arquivos e cartórios de notas, disputationes metaphysicas, relacção histórica, décadas portuguesas, etc, são séries discursivas dentro de sistemas de distribuição de obediência, uma vez que sejam documentos, monumentos, produção de provas, de atestações, de testemunhos, escritos com os protocolos da Lei. O objeto desta tese é a guerra européia na ocupação de todos os horizontes, com seus modelos reprodutíveis em diversas atualizações institucionais, em apropriações de doutrina, em adaptações de currículos escolares, em representações diplomáticas, em jurisprudência, em poesia épica, em poemas bucólicos, etc. Assim, dos princípios de doutrina à narração de casos exemplares, a averiguação da Verdade e dos verdadeiros particulares, que fornecem veracidade aos verossímeis que os poemas cantam. Com lei, com jurisprudência, com princípios metafísicos, constitui-se e codifica-se a amarração do maquinário institucional do "processo de Conquista da América" ou da "história do domínio português no Brasil" de que os poemas e as histórias faziam parte. Como a guerra está em toda parte, e os ossos dos ofícios também, muitas jurisdições diferentes são mencionadas principalmente no que mutuamente se autorizam, mas mencionadas de forma incompleta, apenas para indicar os ramais dos sentidos e tentar cruzá-los provisoriamente com outra coisa, entre muitos gêneros e espécies de coisas, e entre diversas tradições de doutrina e entre as partes querelantes de tradições com umas divergindo por profissão, em querelas que seguem sendo a guerra miúda da vida institucional, nos lugares e tempos de paz, porque a res da inventio é infinita, com coisas notáveis sobretudo na guerra, e nos direitos que a envolvem. Nos documentos que lê sem disciplina, o recorte desta tese só abrange a matéria, entendida como coisa retórica, ou melhor, entendida a partir de alguns mecanismos instituídos para averiguação das matérias. / In order to read poems about Brazilian subjects in the XVIII century, this thesis crosses somewhat unsystematic sources of doctrine and officii representations implicated in the epic imitation and revealed as institutional determinations of illustrious matter. In the Iberian Catholic regiments, armed men from wealthy families and the distinguished heritage strive for family legacy in different ways, such as careers in Law and in the Arms, lands whose hinterland was occupied on behalf of His Highness and the pacts network wich are supposed to be in compliance with the Royal Family. In this sense, heroic poetry, files and registries of notes, disputationes metaphysicas, historical reports, Portuguese decadas, etc, are discursive series within obedience distribution systems, because they are documents, monuments, production of evidences and attestations according to the Law processes. The main purpose of this thesis is the European war in the occupation of all the horizons, with its reproductible models of institutional establishment on appropriations of doctrine, changes in the school curricula, in jurisprudence, in epic poetry, in pastoral poems, etc. Thus, from the principles of doctrine to the narration of exemplar cases, the verification of the Truth and all trustful private things endow with true reasons for verosimilis subject sung in the epic poems. By the means of law, jurisprudence, metaphysical principles, the institutional machinery constitutes and codifies the discorse about the "conquest of the America process" or the "history of the Portuguese domain in Brazil" that such poems and histories report. Assuming that war is everywhere, and the officii also, many different jurisdictions are reported mainly because they authorize themselves mutually. But they are cited in an incomplete manner just to indicate the branches of the senses and they try to cross them momentarily with other res, among many genera and species of things, different traditions of doctrine and the parties discussions. In the studied texts in diverse lessons, the focus in this thesis covers the matter, as res inventionis, and some mechanisms for verifying the truth of the rhetoric matter.

A fim de ler poemas escritos no século XVIII sobre matérias brasileiras, esta tese cruza assistematicamente algumas diferentes fontes de representação de doutrina e de ofícios, implicadas na imitação épica enquanto determinações institucionais da matéria ilustre. Em regimentos católicos ibéricos, estados armados de varões de família com distinção hereditária empenhavam legados familiares nas diversas modalidades de feitorias mais ou menos ilustres, nas correrias e correições, nas carreiras em Leis e em Armas, nas terras cujos sertões se ocupavam em nome de Sua Alteza e dos pactos sujeitos à família real. Neste sentido, poesia heróica, arquivos e cartórios de notas, disputationes metaphysicas, relacção histórica, décadas portuguesas, etc, são séries discursivas dentro de sistemas de distribuição de obediência, uma vez que sejam documentos, monumentos, produção de provas, de atestações, de testemunhos, escritos com os protocolos da Lei. O objeto desta tese é a guerra européia na ocupação de todos os horizontes, com seus modelos reprodutíveis em diversas atualizações institucionais, em apropriações de doutrina, em adaptações de currículos escolares, em representações diplomáticas, em jurisprudência, em poesia épica, em poemas bucólicos, etc. Assim, dos princípios de doutrina à narração de casos exemplares, a averiguação da Verdade e dos verdadeiros particulares, que fornecem veracidade aos verossímeis que os poemas cantam. Com lei, com jurisprudência, com princípios metafísicos, constitui-se e codifica-se a amarração do maquinário institucional do "processo de Conquista da América" ou da "história do domínio português no Brasil" de que os poemas e as histórias faziam parte. Como a guerra está em toda parte, e os ossos dos ofícios também, muitas jurisdições diferentes são mencionadas principalmente no que mutuamente se autorizam, mas mencionadas de forma incompleta, apenas para indicar os ramais dos sentidos e tentar cruzá-los provisoriamente com outra coisa, entre muitos gêneros e espécies de coisas, e entre diversas tradições de doutrina e entre as partes querelantes de tradições com umas divergindo por profissão, em querelas que seguem sendo a guerra miúda da vida institucional, nos lugares e tempos de paz, porque a res da inventio é infinita, com coisas notáveis sobretudo na guerra, e nos direitos que a envolvem. Nos documentos que lê sem disciplina, o recorte desta tese só abrange a matéria, entendida como coisa retórica, ou melhor, entendida a partir de alguns mecanismos instituídos para averiguação das matérias. / In order to read poems about Brazilian subjects in the XVIII century, this thesis crosses somewhat unsystematic sources of doctrine and officii representations implicated in the epic imitation and revealed as institutional determinations of illustrious matter. In the Iberian Catholic regiments, armed men from wealthy families and the distinguished heritage strive for family legacy in different ways, such as careers in Law and in the Arms, lands whose hinterland was occupied on behalf of His Highness and the pacts network wich are supposed to be in compliance with the Royal Family. In this sense, heroic poetry, files and registries of notes, disputationes metaphysicas, historical reports, Portuguese decadas, etc, are discursive series within obedience distribution systems, because they are documents, monuments, production of evidences and attestations according to the Law processes. The main purpose of this thesis is the European war in the occupation of all the horizons, with its reproductible models of institutional establishment on appropriations of doctrine, changes in the school curricula, in jurisprudence, in epic poetry, in pastoral poems, etc. Thus, from the principles of doctrine to the narration of exemplar cases, the verification of the Truth and all trustful private things endow with true reasons for verosimilis subject sung in the epic poems. By the means of law, jurisprudence, metaphysical principles, the institutional machinery constitutes and codifies the discorse about the "conquest of the America process" or the "history of the Portuguese domain in Brazil" that such poems and histories report. Assuming that war is everywhere, and the officii also, many different jurisdictions are reported mainly because they authorize themselves mutually. But they are cited in an incomplete manner just to indicate the branches of the senses and they try to cross them momentarily with other res, among many genera and species of things, different traditions of doctrine and the parties discussions. In the studied texts in diverse lessons, the focus in this thesis covers the matter, as res inventionis, and some mechanisms for verifying the truth of the rhetoric matter.